...rP os t 4183 APRIL 14, 2010 JOHN A. QUELCH HEATHER BECKHAM op yo Metabical: Pricing, Packaging, and Demand Forecasting for a New Weight-Loss Drug In April 2008, after 10 years of testing and $400 million in research and development costs, Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals’ (CSP) newest prescription drug, Metabical (pronounced Mehtuh-bye-cal), was about to receive its coveted Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. CSP was an international healthcare company with over $25 billion in sales in 2007. The company, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, focused on developing, manufacturing, and marketing products that treated metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and immune deficiencies, as well as other chronic and acute medical conditions. Metabical was part of a strategic initiative that would allow CSP to enter the $3.74 billion market for weight-control products in the United States.1 tC CSP’s chief marketing officer, Bernard Long, said of the new product: No Metabical is revolutionary. It will be the first and only prescription drug to receive FDA approval to meet the needs of the millions of individuals struggling with moderate weight-loss goals. Previous prescription weight-loss drugs had negative side effects that, in the agency’s judgment, outweighed the benefits provided to individuals who were not considered obese. Metabical will be approved for use by those looking to shed between 10 to 30 pounds. Initial reviews...
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...Q1: What is the Decision-making process for Metabical? Who is involved in the process? Consumer research over the years has shown that shoppers often follow a relatively common shopping behavior for product purchase. In theory, a shopper is said to go through the following five stages as a process. In reality, sometimes the steps may be switched around or even left out, as not all consumers are by rule, always alike. The decision-making process (DMP) for Metabical, Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals‘ (CSP) new weight-loss drug involves several people. The product end-user is the main subject of the decision-making process, but other external parties interject at different stages, influencing the consumer’s ultimate decision. Below is the flow Metabical’s consumers would go through as part of their shopping behaviors. Stage 1: Need Recognition & Problem Awareness A recognition occurs that consumers are unhappy with their current body image, their weight or their unhealthy lifestyle. This can come from consumers’ existing, continuous dissatisfaction in terms of their weight physical appearance. It can also be triggered by external media sources such as TV, Outdoor, Radio or Magazine advertisements whereby a variety different visuals, articles, messages can lead to consumer awareness that there is a problem, and a need, that must be satisfied. At this point, both the consumer and the respective media agents are involved in process. Stage 2: Information Search In...
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...WEIGHT LOSS ISSUES Excessive weight has become one of the major issues in today's world. This leads to all sorts of health riskssuch as coronary heart diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea and many more. Furthermore, a research has shown that death rates from cancer were 52% higher in men and 62 % higher in women with excessive weight than in people with normal weight (Eugenia E. Calle 2003). A large proportion of overweight people have been trying to lose their weight in every possible way. However, not every attempt was successful. Due to that, the pharmaceutical industry has been developing and testing a large variety of medicines that are specifically made to help people with weight issues. One of the newest drugs on the market is Metabical, a prescription drug developed by Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP). Based on the results from clinical trials, Metabical has been proven effective for weight loss of overweight people. The question is how willMetabicalbe introduced to the market? PULL MARKETING The main idea was to advertise Metabical directly to consumers in order to increase the awareness of the product. This strategy was based on pull marketing where the purpose was to attract the customers and make them approach the supplier or seller first. It is not an assertive way of marketing in comparison to push marketing where a seller calls potential customers on the telephone asking whether they would like to purchase a product they might not actually...
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...Janae Battles University Succes-103 September 17, 2015 Alli Schilling Lately, there have been a tremendous amount of discussions regarding the concept of gay marriage. In the past there has been many protest, court dates, letters to higher power, etc. just to fight for equality just as the colored folks fought for their equality and nothing was ever done about it, until decades later. The LGBTAQ+ (Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Asexual Queer) community has been discriminated against for many decades, it’s recently that this community is starting to see a little bit of light at the end of the tunnel and being accepted more by society as a whole but the real fight has just begun. Back in the early 1900s people were ashamed and thought they were mentally sick because they liked the same sex or felt they were born in the wrong body. Back in those days people were still family oriented and believed men should be the provider and women should be a housewife and raise kids and that God gave you the body he wanted you to be born in. Also people at this time were still very conservative. In the early 1900’s there was not a lot of resources and technology as we have now to properly do research or properly diagnose someone with an illness. So most of the time when there was the slightest thing wrong with someone mentally, doctors would just put them in a mental facilitation. One of those mental illnesses was being homosexual, doctors brained washed people to believing that...
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...2011 International Conference on Social Science and Humanity IPEDR vol.5 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Working Hours, Work-family Conflict and Work-family Enrichment Among Professional Women: A Malaysian Case Surena Sabil Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia surena@siswa.um.edu.my Sabitha Marican Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia sabitha@um.edu.my countries such as France, Italy and Germany and those countries enjoy the privilege of balancing between work and personal life. (Burke and El-Kot,2009). Every extreme worker has his or her own reason that motivates him or her to work for longer hours. According to a survey, the most popular belief suggests that people love the intellectual challenge and the thrill of achieving something big. This is followed by high-quality colleagues, recognition, compensation packages and for power or status. (Hewlett and Luce,2006). Due to the above reasons the scenario of working longer hours has become a common thing among the managerial and professionals. (Brett and Stroh, 2003, Hewlett and Luce, 2006). A study by Galinsky et al (2005) showed that generally, 20% of workers in the US work more than 49 hours per week. Likewise, a research carried out by Daly (2001) showed that the managerial and professionals are the groups that have practiced working longer hours which is 50 hours a week. However, the latest findings by...
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...What is a research paper? The research paper is a presentation in a well organized discussion of the opinions, conclusions or information derived from extensive study and investigation of the work of others. Other Names 1. Term paper – refers to a project that summarizes or demonstrates mastery of the work of a term or semester 2. Report – refers to a thorough records or description of the results of first hand experiences or reading in primary sources 3. Thesis – commonly refers to a substantial research project for the master’s or undergraduate paper 4. Dissertation – research paper submitted by a candidate for the doctoral degree 5. Reading paper 6. Library paper Purposes of research paper 1. To learn to use the library efficiently 2. To develop habits of purposeful reading and note taking 3. To learn to organize the information taken from various sources and develop into a unified composition Steps in research writing 1. Step one- select your subject area – must be guided by your interest and curiosity; check on different sources – reference books, card catalog, periodical indexes, and electronic sources like the internet 2. Step two – make your working bibliography Bibliography – formal list of books, articles and other sources from which the materials of your paper are drawn. Proper bibliographic forms Book by one author Padilla, Cabrina (2015) Enriching Oral Communication Skills. Quezon City: Abiva Publishing...
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... more than one-third of players to ever sign an NFL contract, had brought a suit against the NFL concerning the head injuries that they sustained on the field during their playing careers. (Anderson, 1). Given the outstanding popularity of football in the United States, these lawsuits have garnered the attention of national media, prompting debate, discussion, and research about the dangers of football-related head injuries and the future of the NFL. (Fenno, 1). The litigation has the potential to reach the scale of the Big Tobacco litigation of the 1990’s, but the NFL has thrown a substantial roadblock in the players’ suit with a federal employment law preemption defense. (Fisher, 1). The consolidation of all the lawsuits into the Multidistrict Litigation has created the ability for both parties to decide the legal issues presented by the players’ claims and the NFL’s defenses. This paper will examine the merits of those claims and defenses, offer insight into how the players applied rhetorical devices to further their case, address the link established between the NFL and Big Tobacco, and how the court could likely rule regarding the concussion litigation, if it makes it to court. To begin, the history of concussions in football has been an extensive one. As mentioned above, retired football players have been joining lawsuits at a tremendous pace. The game of football is changing, as exemplified by the number of rule changes that have been...
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...Solutions for Chapter 12 Audit of Cash and Other Liquid Assets Review Questions: 12-1. It is important that cash and liquid asset testing be coordinated because the assets can be quickly moved and thus substituted for each other. For example, an organization could quickly move assets between cash and certificates of deposit. 12-2. General Cash Account. This is the account used to transact most of the organization's cash transactions. It is usually a high volume, but low balance account. Because of its high volume and its liquidity it is susceptible to greater risk than most asset accounts of the same size. Imprest Payroll Account. This is an account that is maintained strictly for the payment of payroll. The organization makes a deposit equal to the monthly or weekly payroll at the time the payroll checks or electronic transfers are issued. The account is used to minimize accounting costs and to isolate payroll risks to one account. 12-3. We disagree with the auditor's assessment of inherent risk of cash transactions as low. Granted, the accounting for cash and marketable securities is not overly complex. However, the liquidity of the accounts, coupled with their susceptibility to fraud or misappropriation, makes the inherent risk of the accounts at least moderate - if not high. Most organizations recognize the high inherent risk associated with the accounts and have implemented detailed control procedures to reduce control risk to a minimal level. 12-4...
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...world’s largest professional services organization with more than 1,000 partners and operations in dozens of countries scattered across the globe. Think Straight, Talk Straight Discipline, honesty, and a strong work ethic were three key traits that John and Mary Andersen instilled in their son. The Andersens also constantly impressed upon him the importance of obtaining an education. Unfortunately, Arthur’s parents did not survive to help him achieve that goal. Orphaned by the time he was a young teenager, Andersen was forced to take a fulltime job as a mail clerk and attend night classes to work his way through high school. After graduating from high school, Andersen attended the University of Illinois while working as an accountant for Allis-Chalmers, a Chicago-based company that manufactured tractors and other farming equipment. In 1908, Andersen accepted a position with the Chicago office of Price Waterhouse. At the time, Price Waterhouse, which was organized in Great Britain during the early nineteenth century, easily qualified as the United States’ most prominent public...
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...world’s largest professional services organization with more than 1,000 partners and operations in dozens of countries scattered across the globe. Think Straight, Talk Straight Discipline, honesty, and a strong work ethic were three key traits that John and Mary Andersen instilled in their son. The Andersens also constantly impressed upon him the importance of obtaining an education. Unfortunately, Arthur’s parents did not survive to help him achieve that goal. Orphaned by the time he was a young teenager, Andersen was forced to take a fulltime job as a mail clerk and attend night classes to work his way through high school. After graduating from high school, Andersen attended the University of Illinois while working as an accountant for Allis-Chalmers, a Chicago-based company that manufactured tractors and other farming equipment. In 1908, Andersen accepted a position with the Chicago office of Price Waterhouse. At the time, Price Waterhouse, which was organized in Great Britain during the early nineteenth century, easily qualified as the United...
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...The Role of Corporate Law in Preventing a Financial Crisis: Reflections on In re Citigroup Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation Franklin A. Gevurtz* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. II. CITIGROUP AS A CASE STUDY IN EXCESSIVE RISK-TAKING .............................. III. TOOLS FOR CURBING EXCESSIVE RISK-TAKING AND THE ROLE OF CORPORATE LAW ............................................................................................... A. The Tools for Curbing Excessive Risk-taking ............................................. 1. Regulation of Business Activities .......................................................... 2. Capital Requirements ........................................................................... 3. Compensation Rules ............................................................................. 4. Liability for Unreasonable Risks .......................................................... 5. Selection of Management (Rules of Corporate Governance) ............... B. Dividing the Tools Between Banking and Corporate Law .......................... IV. WHY IT MATTERS: CITIGROUP AS AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE LIMITATIONS OF STATE CORPORATE LAW ........................................................ A. Citigroup As a Case Study In Weak Corporate Law................................... 1. Overview ..................................................
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...world's largest professional services organization with more than 1,000 partners and op-erations in dozens of countries scattered across the globe. think straight, talk straight Discipline, honesty, and a strong work ethic were three key traits that John and Mary Andersen instilled in their son. The Andersens also constantly impressed upon him the importance of obtaining an education. Unfortunately, Arthur's par-ents did not survive to help him achieve that goal. Orphaned by the time he was a young teenager, Andersen was forced to take a full-time job as a mail clerk and attend night classes to work his way through high school. After graduating from high school, Andersen attended the University of Illinois while working as an ac-countant for Allis-Chalmers, a Chicago-based company that manufactured trac-tors and other farming equipment. In 1908, Andersen accepted a position with the Chicago office of Price Waterhouse. At the time, Price Waterhouse, which was organized in Great Britain during the early nineteenth...
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...International Bulletin of Business Administration ISSN: 1451-243X Issue 9 (2010) © EuroJournals, Inc. 2010 http://www.eurojournals.com Dividend Policy: A Review of Theories and Empirical Evidence Husam-Aldin Nizar Al-Malkawi Corresponding Author, Faculty of Business, ALHOSN University P.O. Box 38772 - Abu Dhabi, UAE E-mail: h.almalkawi@alhosnu.ae Michael Rafferty Senior Research Analyst, WRC, University of Sydney, Australia E-mail: m.rafferty@econ.usyd.edu.au Rekha Pillai Faculty of Business, ALHOSN University, Abu Dhabi, UAE E-mail: r.pillai@alhosnu.ae Abstract The literature on dividend policy has produced a large body of theoretical and empirical research, especially following the publication of the dividend irrelevance hypothesis of Miller and Modigliani (1961). No general consensus has yet emerged after several decades of investigation, and scholars can often disagree even about the same empirical evidence. This paper aims at providing the reader with a comprehensive understanding of dividends and dividend policy by reviewing the main theories and explanations of dividend policy including dividend irrelevance hypothesis of Miller and Modigliani, bird-in-the-hand, tax-preference, clientele effects, signalling, and agency costs hypotheses. The paper also attempts to present the main empirical studies on corporate dividend policy. However, due to the enduring nature and extensive range of the debate about dividend policy which has spawned a vast amount of literature that...
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...This week's graded topics relate to the following Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs): A | Given an organizational requirement to conform business practices to both the law and best ethical practices, apply appropriate ethical theories to shape a business decision. | I | Given specified circumstances of a business decision to expand to international markets, determine what international legal requirements or regulatory controls apply. | Topics for This Week's Discussion * Introduce yourself to your professor and the rest of the class. (not graded) * Thread over TCO A/I (graded) * Ethics and Patent Rights Post 9/11 (graded) * Q & A Forum for your questions and comments (not graded) | | There is a drop down arrow next to the "Select a Topic" box. Click on this arrow to select topics for discussion. | ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Select a Topic: Bottom of Form The World Bank Situation (graded) | Class, please read Chapter 2, problem 5 from the Jennings text, p. 72. This week, we will discuss the Wolfowitz situation at the World Bank. Consider the questions at the end of the problem as you make comments in the threads this week. What are the ethics here? Was Wolfowitz trying to do the right thing? Does that make a difference ethically? Throughout the week, I will bring in further questions. Be sure to read the lecture and the international ethics article stated in your reading for the week as well. | ...
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...IMPACT OF DIVIDEND POLICY ON SHAREHOLDERS’ VALUE: A STUDY OF INDIAN FIRMS Synopsis of the Thesis to be submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In MANAGEMENT By Sujata Kapoor Enrollment No: 064009053 Date of Registration: July 2006 Under the Guidance of Supervisor: Dr Kanwal Anil Co-Supervisor: Dr Naseem Abidi Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida A-10, SECTOR 62, NOIDA, INDIA (12) December, 2009 Sujata Kapoor, JBS, JIIT,Dec’ 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS S. no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Contents Introduction Review of the literature Research objectives Research Methodology Lintner Model: Analysis and findings Factor Analysis and Regression results on Extracted Factors Quadratic Polynomial Regression Analysis & Findings Event study: Analysis & Findings Conclusion Chapter plan Selected References Annexure Page no. 4-9 9-14 14-15 15-23 23-24 24-28 28-30 30-32 32-35 35-36 36-38 (III-XX) 2 Sujata Kapoor, JBS, JIIT,Dec’ 2009 KEY TERMS DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO: The percentage of earnings paid to shareholders in dividends. Calculated as: DIVIDEND POLICY: The policy a company uses to decide how much it will pay out to shareholders in dividends. SHAREHOLDERS’ VALUE: The value delivered to shareholders because of management's ability to grow earnings, dividends and share price. In other words, shareholder value is the sum of all strategic decisions that affect the firm's ability to efficiently increase...
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