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Research Terminology
According to Creswell (2009), paradigm is also known as a world view, “a basic set of beliefs to guide actions” (p. 6). Reynolds (2010) defines paradigm as a new orientation with a less dramatic break with the past. If a new theory is proposed and it is not a dramatic shift from the previous theories this is considered a paradigm. There are some characteristics to further define paradigms like unique descriptions of a phenomena without a striking difference, new research strategies suggested without dramatic changes in the research or methods, new research questions are suggested and new concepts explain previous events left unexplained (p.25).
Epistemology is the study of knowledge, how do we know what we know. Another definition is the theory of knowledge, what kinds of knowledge is possible and how is that knowledge judged. Social Science decides which scientific procedures produce reliable social scientific knowledge (Lewis-Beck, Bryman, & Laio, 2004).
Ontology is defined as a philosophical branch of science, it is the nature of what exists, the study of theory of being, theories that make up reality (Lewis-Beck, Bryman, & Laio, 2004).
The philosophy of science is concerned with assumptions, foundations, methods, and implications of science; a philosophical perspective of elements of scientific inquiry. (http://www.answers.com/topic/philosophy-of-science).
Each of these terms is very much intertwined. The paradigm is a new theory not too dramatically different from previous theories. While epistemology studies how we know what we know about knowledge, ontologists then study the nature of what exists. The philosophy of science looks at all of these items-the assumptions, foundations, methods, and those implications of science.
Why is it important for researchers to know these terms and their meanings? Researchers are looking to move

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