...1. What does RAID stand for? Redundant Array of Independent Disks. Source: Steadfast.com 2. When would use RAID? When experiencing disk IO issues, where applications are waiting on the disk to perform tasks. It also provides additional throughput by allowing you to read and write data from multiple drives instead a single drive. Source: Steadfast.com 3. Define the following types of RAID: RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 0 is taking any number of disks and striping data across all of them. This will greatly increase speeds, as you're reading and writing from multiple disks at a time. An individual file can then use the speed and capacity of all the drives of the array. The downside to RAID 0 though is that it is NOT redundant, the loss of any individual disk will cause complete data loss. I would not recommend ever using RAID 0 in a server environment. You can use it for cache or other purposes where speed is important and reliability/data loss does not matter at all, but it should not be used for anything other than that. As an example, with the 5% annual failure rate of drives, if you have a 6 disk RAID 0 array you've increased your risk of data loss to nearly 27%. RAID 1 (Mirroring) - RAID 1 is generally used with a pair of disks, though could be done with more, and would identically mirror/copy the data equally across all the drives in the array. The point of RAID 1 is primarily for redundancy, as you can completely lose a drive, but still stay up and running off the...
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...(Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a storage technology that combines multiple disk drive components into a logical unit. Data is distributed across the drives in one of several ways called "RAID levels", depending on what level of redundancy and performance (via parallel communication) is required. Marketers representing industry RAID manufacturers later attempted to reinvent the term to describe a redundant array of independent disks as a means of dissociating a low-cost expectation from RAID technology. RAID is now used as an umbrella term for computer data storage schemes that can divide and replicate data among multiple physical drives. The physical drives are said to be in a RAID array, which is accessed by the operating system as one single drive. The different schemes or architectures are named by the word RAID followed by a number (e.g., RAID 0, RAID 1). Each scheme provides a different balance between two key goals: increase data reliability and increase input/output performance. 2. When would we use RAID? RAID is extremely useful if reliability and data redundancy are important to you. Even if you take backups, you will need to take the time to restore those backups and those backups could be hours or days old, resulting in data loss. RAID allows you to survive a drive loss without data loss and in many cases without any downtime. RAID is also useful if you are having disk IO issues, where applications are waiting on the disk to perform tasks. Going with...
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...Disk Redundancy Research Disk Redundancy Research • What does RAID stand for? Redundant array of independent disks • When would we use RAID? When need of advanced storage schemes are needed. Whether it is better performance, reliability and extra redundancy. • Define the following types of RAID: • RAID 0 – Block-level striping without parity or mirroring • RAID 1 – Mirroring without parity or striping • RAID 5 – Block-level striping with distributed parity • RAID 6 – Block-level striping with double distributed parity. (Basically extended RAID 5) • Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? Best if used in a High bandwidth need. video and picture editing, etc. • Why do you think that RAID 1 can be the most expensive? Why would people utilize it if it’s so costly? Because its disk overhead requires the drives to always be running. Its 100% redundancy provides a guarantee that no data will be lost. • If you, as a home computer user, were to purchase a form of RAID, which would you choose and why? It all depends on what purpose I would choose to use a RAID for. If I was implementing a type of high traffic situation I would use RAID 5, RAID 0 in any high speed situation, and RAID 1 if high availability is needed. • What is the difference between software RAID and hardware RAID? Hardware raid is where a controller built into the motherboard or an Add-in card is used to populate the raid. Software raid is where you use the program available to your operating...
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...Disk Redundancy Research • What does RAID stand for? Redundant array of independent disks • When would we use RAID? When need of advanced storage schemes are needed. Whether it is better performance, reliability and extra redundancy. • Define the following types of RAID: • RAID 0 – Block-level striping without parity or mirroring • RAID 1 – Mirroring without parity or striping • RAID 5 – Block-level striping with distributed parity • RAID 6 – Block-level striping with double distributed parity. (Basically extended RAID 5) • Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? Best if used in a High bandwidth need. video and picture editing, etc. • Why do you think that RAID 1 can be the most expensive? Why would people utilize it if it’s so costly? Because its disk overhead requires the drives to always be running. Its 100% redundancy provides a guarantee that no data will be lost. • If you, as a home computer user, were to purchase a form of RAID, which would you choose and why? It all depends on what purpose I would choose to use a RAID for. If I was implementing a type of high traffic situation I would use RAID 5, RAID 0 in any high speed situation, and RAID 1 if high availability is needed. • What is the difference between software RAID and hardware RAID? Hardware raid is where a controller built into the motherboard or an Add-in card is used to populate the raid. Software raid is where you use the program available to your operating system or a 3rd...
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...Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. Currently it is more commonly known as standing for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 2. When would you use RAID? Having data on multiple disks helps ensure against data loss in case of a drive failure. If one of the drives fails most levels of RAID allow the user to just replace that one drive while not losing any data. Having multiple drives also allows multiple read and write operations to be going on at the same time, which increases performance. 3. Define the following types of RAID: a. RAID 0 Using two or more disks, RAID 0 utilizes a striped disk array with data broken down and written part to each disk. This increases performance since multiple input / output operations can be carried out at the same time. RAID 0, unlike the other levels of RAID, does not provide any protection against data loss. If one drive goes down, all of the data will be corrupted. b. RAID 1 RAID 1 requires two or more disks to operate, it organizes data into mirrored pairs. When data is written to one of the drives in a mirrored pair, it is automatically written to both drives. That way if one of the two drives fails the user just needs to replace that one drive. It also provides an increase in performance since two read operations can be performed at the same time. Only one write can be performed at a time since the data must be written to both drives. UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT 1 3 c. RAID 5 Three disks are needed to implement RAID...
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...latest is Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 1 2. When would we use RAID? RAID is used as enhanced storage space, storing the same data in different places. Thus redundancy. 2 3. Define the types of RAID’s? a) RAID 0: This technique uses the Striping technique but has no redundancy. It has no fault tolerance. It offers very good performance though. Good for a backup. RAID 0 can be on home computers.2,3 b) RAID 1: This RAID uses Disk Mirroring. It also uses 2 drives that duplicate the storage of data. There’s no striping. The read performance has been improved since either disk can be read. RAID 1 gives the best performance and fault tolerance. It can be on home computers. 2,3 c) RAID 5: This RAID stores Parity information, but not redundant data. It has a rotating Parity Array, addressing the write limitation in RAID 4. It uses 3 sometimes 5 disks for the array. This RAID is best used for multi-user systems in which performance is not critical. Parity is used to protect the data, so if one hard drive dies, the information that was on that particular drive will be on at least another drive.2,3 d) RAID 6: This RAID is similar to RAID 5, but includes a second Parity Scheme that’s distributed across different drives giving high fault and drive failure tolerance.3 4. Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? RAID 0 works something like a RAID 5 but only without parity. The data is evenly striped across 2 or more disks. It has good speed and a lot of data storage...
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...Disk Redundancy Research RAID stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive (or Independent) Discs. A RAID system uses redundancy - meaning that data is written in more than one place - to keep data safe. RAID is extremely useful if reliability and data redundancy are important to you. Even if you take backups, you will need to take the time to restore those backups and those backups could be hours or days old, resulting in data loss. RAID allows you to survive a drive loss without data loss and in many cases without any downtime. RAID is also useful if you are having disk IO issues, where applications are waiting on the disk to perform tasks. Going with RAID will provide you additional throughput by allowing you to read and write data from multiple drives instead of a single drive. Additionally, if you go with hardware RAID, the hardware RAID card will include additional memory to be used as cache, reducing the strain put on the physical hardware and increase overall performance. RAID Level 0 RAID Level 0 provides no redundancy. RAID Level 0 splits or stripes the data across drives, resulting in higher data throughput. Since no redundant information is stored, performance is very good, but the failure of any disk in the array results in complete data loss. Level 0 is only used to increase disk performance. RAID Level 1 RAID Level 1 is usually referred to as mirroring. A Level 1 array provides redundancy by duplicating all the data from one drive on a second drive so...
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...Unit 2. Assignment 1. Disk Redundancy Research 1. What does RAID stand for? Redundant Array of Independent Disk 2. When would we use Raid? To divide and replicate data into physical drives. 3. Define the following types of RAID: a. RAID 0-is simply data striped over several disks. This gives a performance advantage, as it is possible to read parts of a file in parallel. However not only is there no data protection, it is actually less reliable than a single disk, as all the data is lost if a single disk in the array stripe fails. b. RAID 1-is data mirroring. Two copies of the data are held on two physical disks, and the data is always identical. RAID1 has a performance advantage, as reads can come from either disk, and is simple to implement. However, it is expensive, as twice as many disks are needed to store the data. c. RAID 5-data is written in blocks onto data disks, and parity is generated and rotated around the data disks. Good general performance, and reasonably cheap to implement. Used extensively for general data. d. RAID 6-is growing in popularity as it is seen as the best way to guarantee data integrity as it uses double parity. It was originally used in SUN V2X devices, where there are a lot of disks in a RAID array, and so a higher chance of multiple failures. RAID6 as implemented by SUN does not have a write overhead, as the data is always written out to a different block. 4. Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? Fast performs and additional...
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...Disk Redundancy Research The term RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. RAID is used for storage in the operating system. As the levels of RAID get higher the disk, split and mirror the information and store it in the operating system. • RAID 0- RAID 0 provides no redundancy, on the other hand you this type of RAID allows you to improve your performance by using multiple disks. With RAID 0 your computers data writes the information onto a hard disk and splits it across two or more hard drives evenly. • RAID 1- With RAID 1 two disks are configured to mirror each other. With this should something happen to one disk you will have that mirrored up-to-date copy • RAID 5- RAID 5 takes three disks to be used. This type of RAID uses what is called stripping to divide the data across all the hard drives, with this process it also has an additional parity data divided across all disks. With this process if one of the hard drives fails the user will not lose any of their data. • RAID 6-This type of RAID is very similar to RAID 5 but offers a parity block, with two parity block for each bit of data stripped across the disk. With RAID 6 you have less storage space than RAID 5 but that is only because RAID 6 offers users with additional protection from data loss. 4. RAID 0 is still of great use because it still improves the performance of your operating system. This can be used by people who are big into gaming. 5. I think that RAID 1 would be the most expensive out...
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...1. RAID – redundant array of independent disks; originally redundant array of inexpensive disks. 2. You can use RAID for improved fault tolerance on all of the server hard drives. 3. A. RAID 0 - This technique has striping but no redundancy of data. It offers the best performance but no fault-tolerance. B. RAID 1 - This type is also known as disk mirroring and consists of at least two drives that duplicate the storage of data. There is no striping. Read performance is improved since either disk can be read at the same time. Write performance is the same as for single disk storage. RAID-1 provides the best performance and the best fault-tolerance in a multi-user system. C. RAID 5 - stores parity information but not redundant data (but parity information can be used to reconstruct data). RAID-5 requires at least three and usually five disks for the array. It's best for multi-user systems in which performance is not critical or which do few write operations. D. RAID 6 - This type is similar to RAID-5 but includes a second parity scheme that is distributed across different drives and thus offers extremely high fault- and drive-failure tolerance. 4. RAID 0 – Fast performance without providing fault-tolerance 5. RAID 1 - can be expensive because it requires at least two drives in order to duplicate the storage. People utilize it because of 100% redundancy guaranteeing no lost data 6. It really depends on the reason I would need RAID. If I ran a business from...
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...Unit 2. Assignment 1. Disk Redundancy Research 1. What does RAID stand for? Raid stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks 2. When would we use RAID? You would use RAID to combine multiple hard drives. 3. Define the following types of RAID: a. RAID 0 RAID 0 increases performance and splits data evenly between 2 drives b. RAID 1 RAID 1 mirrors both drives. c. RAID 5 RAID 5 uses 3 drives and uses striping to divide across all drives with additional parity data divided across all disks. d. RAID 6 RAID 6 is similar to RAID 5 but adds an additional parity block to each drive writing 2 parity blocks for each bit of data striped across the disks. 4. Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? Because it splits the data evenly among the 2 hard drives 5. Why do you think that RAID 1 can be the most expensive? Why would people utilize it if it’s so costly? Because you will run out of space faster but you will always have a copy of your data if 1 of the drives ever fails. 6. If you, as a home computer user, were to purchase a form of RAID, which would you choose and why? I think I would try RAID 10 since it has the ability to use the advantages of RAID 1 and 0 I will have the mirroring on my secondary disks and no redundancy. 7. What is the difference between software RAID and hardware RAID? Hardware has a specially built controller to that handles the drives and costs more and the software has no specialized hardware is...
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...NT1230 Unit 2. Assignment 1 Disk Redundancy Research 1. What does RAID stand for? Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk 2. When would we use RAID? When you have a vast amount of data to need to be backup or to improve speed of the system. 3. Define the following types of RAID: a. RAID 0: Splits data evenly across two or more disks (striped) without parity information for speed. RAID 0 was not one of the original RAID levels and provides no data redundancy. RAID 0 is normally used to increase performance, although it can also be used as a way to create a large logical disk out of two or more physical ones. b. RAID 1: An exact copy (or mirror) of a set of data on two disks. This is useful when read performance or reliability is more important than data storage capacity. Such an array can only be as big as the smallest member disk. c. RAID 5: Comprises block-level striping with distributed parity. Unlike in RAID 4, parity information is distributed among the drives. It requires that all drives but one be present to operate. Upon failure of a single drive, subsequent reads can be calculated from the distributed parity such that no data is lost. RAID 5 requires at least three disks. d. RAID 6: Extends RAID 5 by adding an additional parity block; thus it uses block-level striping with two parity blocks distributed across all member disks. 4. Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? It splits data evenly across two or more disks (striped) without parity information...
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...NT1230 Client Server Networking 1 1 Originally RAID stood for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks and is now commonly referred to as (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple disks for the purpose of data redundancy. 2 We use raid when data accessibility and performance is critical. 3 the Levels of Raid A RAID 0: Consists of striping without mirroring or parity -- A RAID 0 setup splits data evenly across two or more disks, it is important to note that RAID 0 has no added redundancy for handling disk failures the same as with a spanned volume. B RAID 1: Consists of data mirroring but without parity or striping. -- With a Raid 1 setup, it creates an exact copy (or mirror) of data on two or more disks. If one of the drives goes down your array will still be functional until the effected drive can be fixed or replaced. C RSoftware RAID is configured and managed by the operating system of the host computer. All processing via software RAID is handled by the host computer’s CPU. Traditionally hardware RAID offered better I/O performance but with technological advancements offered on CPU and operating system technologies, there is very little difference in performance between hardware and software RAID. Hetzner has removed hardware RAID from its product offering as software RAID offers a better price/performance ratio over hardware RAID. For customers who still wish to have hardware RAID configured on their...
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...Employee Conflict Management Reductions in force are not a pleasant situation for the employees of a company. I discovered through this simulation that reductions in force are not pleasant for the employer either. Being told a certain number of people have to be laid off presents a problem. People who have good productivity, attendance, and “wow” factors are those that a company wants to keep. However, the company has to consider discrimination when conducting layoffs. What may seem like a good reason for laying someone off may be a reason for an employee to file a lawsuit against the company. During my initial view of the candidates selected for potential layoff, I looked at the skill sets. Although my father works with computers specializing in Linux, networking, and Oracle, I have no knowledge in it myself. I felt like laying-off Carl Haimes or Brian Carter would be a mistake because I do not have skills that can match their skills. Sarah Boyd, Nora Manson, and Jenny Mills each have jobs that I could perform. Even though I may not excel in each job as I would prefer, I felt like it would be easier to cover those positions within the company than those of Carl and Brian. I also considered absenteeism and special achievements as well as overall productivity. Before I made my final selection, however, I considered discrimination. If I were to layoff Sarah, Nora, and Jenny at the same time, I could have a potential lawsuit regarding gender discrimination to consider. I decided...
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...Unit 2 Assignment 1: Disk Redundancy Research December 14, 2013 1) What does RAID stand for? RAID stands for? RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 2) When would we use RAID? RAID can be used by either individual users or large network users to store data across multiple locations to increase fault tolerance. 3) Define the following types of RAID: a) RAID 0 b) RAID 1 c) RAID 5 d) RAID 6 RAID 0 | Strips data without redundancy. Provides faster performance, but it lacks fault tolerance. | RAID 1 | Known as disk mirroring. This method doesn’t strip data, it saves all data intact across at least two disks to provide fault tolerance. | RAID 5 | Uses rotating parity to store data. There is do data duplication, but the parity data can be used to reconstruct data. Mostly used by large organizations for data that is not performance sensitive. | RAID 6 | Same as RAID 5, but adds another parity scheme to increase fault tolerance. | 4) Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? RAID 0 allows data to be broken up in order to allow faster access to data. 5) Why do you think that RAID 1 can be the most expensive? Why would people utilize it if it’s so costly? RAID 1 can be the most expensive because it requires an entire drive to make a duplicate of any data and the more copies you want, the more drives you need. People still use is because it makes complete copies of data, not partial ones. The complete copies allow users...
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