...Hodgkin Disease is malignant but often curable disease of lymphatic tissues that causes painless enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. It is also called Hodgkin Lymphoma and it is a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes (American Cancer Society, 2015). The lymphatic system is the system in the body that is responsible for fighting off infections and keeping you healthy. It's made up of your tonsils, spleen, bone marrow, and chains of lymph nodes (Nemours, 2015). Although many types of cancer can spread to the lymph system, lymphoma actually begins in the cells of the lymph system itself (Nemours, 2015). No one really knows what causes Hodgkin lymphoma, but there is a slightly increased risk among family members of people who have the disease (Nemours, 2015). Because lymphoid tissue is in many parts of the body, Hodgkin disease can start almost anywhere (American Cancer Society, 2015). Most often it starts in lymph nodes in the upper part of the body but he most common sites are in the chest, in the neck, or under the arms (American Cancer Society, 2015). Hodgkin disease most often spreads through the lymph vessels in a stepwise fashion from lymph node to lymph node, and late in the disease, it can invade the bloodstream and spread to other parts of the body, including the liver, lungs, and/or bone marrow (American Cancer Society, 2015). The two main types of Hodgkin Disease are Classic Hodgkin disease and Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin...
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...Gross Anatomy of the Lymphatic System Rather than describing the lymphatic system as an organ, it is better understood as a complex system which includes capillaries, vessels, cells, organs, ducts, lymph nodes and valves which all contribute to linking different structures together in order to transport excess fluid from the body tissues to the bloodstream and permeate pathogens from the blood (2, 3). Figure 2. Figure 1. The lymphatic vessels form a major element of the lymphatic system and are extensively distributed in most areas of the body excluding the central nervous system, bone marrow, bones, teeth, eyeball and avascular tissues such as cartilage (1,3) as illustrated in Figure 1. The lymphatic vessels themselves initiate as lymphatic...
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...Lymphatic/Immune System Unit Performance Assessment Your written work should contain 3 sections: 1. 2. 3. An explanation of the relationship between lymphatic structures and the immune system (~1 paragraph) a. Student work includes a detailed description of all of the structures of the lymphatic system (including lymph nodes and vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils, Peyer's patches, and appendix), the location of each, and how that location supports the functions of immunity required by the body An explanation about how the immune system works and how a vaccine effects that system (~3-4 paragraphs) a. Student work includes a description of the "three levels" of immune system, including innate and adaptive defenses, humoral vs, cell-mediated responses, and active vs passive immunity; and describes how vaccines work in the body using a specific vaccine as an example A reaction (either in support or in disagreement) to the message of your chosen political cartoon (please include an image of the cartoon) along with supporting data/statistics from reliable and cited sources (~3-4 paragraphs) a. Student correctly explains the "sides" of the issue being reflected in the political cartoon of their choosing, and explains whether they agree or disagree with the overall message of the cartoon. Several specific data or statistics are researched by the student and used to support their argument either for or against the cartoon. 1. An explanation of the relationship...
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...Task 5.4 Comparison What happens when we are healthy? It is important to have a healthy lymphatic system because a well-functioning lymphatic system helps to keep the body's needs in balance, but when things malfunction, disorders and cancer can be a result of this. Maintaining a healthy lymphatic system will help to prevent illness and help your body to function correctly, to take care of your lymphatic system you should consider, drinking water regularly, have a balanced diet, exercise daily and avoid toxins. How we mount an immune response when exposed to pathogen The human immune system us multicellular and it has dedicated cells or tissues to deal with the threat of infection. Some responses occur immediately so that an infecting organism...
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...Alterations in Blood Flow Circulatory System: * Primary function: transport of oxygen and nutrient and removal of metabolic waste products * Requires complex circuitry of vessels powered by heart General Mechanisms That Alter Flow: * Flow reduction in systemic circuit creates ischemia, leading to hypoxia * Flow reduction in venous system alters waste removal and increases systemic pressure * Venous engorgement or venous obstruction * Flow reduction in lymphatic system causes edema * Changes to lymphatic vessels and lymph circulation * Blood vessel obstructions * Blood vessel structural alterations Lymphatic Vessels: * Lymphatic circulation overwhelmed when changes in capillary or interstitial oncotic pressures increase filtration, or when fluid movement at capillary bed is impaired * Causes edema * Causes wide variety of conditions * Lymphedema- lymphatic flow alteration due to impairment in lymph circulation Blood Vessel Obstructions: * Alteration of blood flow may involve impedance of arterial or venous flow * Some obstructions specific to arterial or venous * Others form on both sides * Will now cover those that affect arteries and veins- specific later * Thrombus= blood clot attached to vessel wall * Thromboembolus- detached thrombus * Develop where conditions activate hemostasis * Different triggers for arteries and veins * Shock can lead to thrombi ...
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...Elephantiasis is a condition characterized by gross enlargement of an area of the body, especially the limbs and occasionally the external genitals. Elephantiasis is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system, which results in the accumulation of a fluid called lymph in the affected areas. Elephantiasis is also known as Lymphatic Filariasis. In areas where Filariasis (infectious, tropical disease caused by roundworms) is epidemic, Elephantiasis is most common. The Lymphatic System is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwatend materials. The primary function of the Lymphatic System is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fihgting white blood cells throughout the body. It consists of a network of tubular channels (lymph vessels) that drain lymph from different areas of the body into the bloodstream. When obstruction occurs, these vessels swell massively, causing gross enlargement, also known as Elephantiasis. Elephantiasis is also a chronic infectious condition that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is a very rare disorder, and is most common in tropical countries. Elephantiasis most frequently involves the lower extremities of the body and the scrotum. The most common affected area on the body is the legs. It can also affect the arms, the breasts, the scrotum, the penis and the vulva. Elephantiasis gets its name from the obvious appearance of the skin of the legs which resembles the hide of an elephant...
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...Disorders and Diseases Affecting the Lymphatic System Brittany Drake ITT Technical Institute Disorders and Diseases Affecting the Lymphatic System Filarises is a parasitic disease that is caused by a worm so tiny it can only be viewed by a microscope. The body’s lymph system is responsible for maintaining the body’s balance of fluid as well as fight infections. Filarises is spread from person to person via mosquito bites. When an infected person with filarises is bitten by a mosquito the circulating worms from inside the infected persons blood enters the mosquito and carried to another person that is bit by the same mosquito. Once the person is bitten by the mosquito the worms travel to the lymph vessels. Once the worms reach the lymph vessels they mature into adults and live for five to seven years. Repeat mosquito bites over several months are needed to get filariases. This diseases is most common in tropical or subtropical areas. This infection will show up on a blood test as most that suffer from this disease are asymptomatic. Some people may develop lymphedema. Fluid collection and swelling is a result of the improper functioning of the lymph system. Usually this takes place in the legs however the genitalia, arms and breasts can be affected as well. People affected with this disease will have more bacterial infections in the skin as well as the lymph system. Hardening and thickening of the skin develops. This is known as elephantiasis. Men can develop hydrocele...
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...Disorders and Diseases Affecting the Lymphatic System Jennifer Hicks July 3, 2015 According to Magill’s Medical Guide Elephnatiasis (aka filariasis) is a grossly disfiguring disease caused by a round worm parasite; it is the advanced stage of the disease Bancroft’s filarias, contracted through round worms. With this you can experience several symptoms including recurrent fever, inflammation of lymph nodes, and possible gross enlargement of a body part. This disease is caused by infestation of round worm parasites as discussed earlier, but how do you contract these parasites? These parasites are carried by mosquitos and black flies. So a bite from an infected mosquito can cause a person to contract the worm parasite. This usually occurs in tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. There are approximately 120 million people worldwide infected, of these 40 million are disfigured or have chronic disease. The adult parasite sets up its establishment inside a lymphatic vessel of the carrying host. This in turn causing abnormalities in the lymphatic integrity system and its functions. People who are infected can develop scar tissue and fibrosis inside and around the affected lymphatic vessel. This leads to permanent characteristic pathology manifested by irreversible lymphedema. To try and prevent yourself from being infected with these parasites utilize a mosquito repellant this will hopefully keep you from receiving a bite from an infected...
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...University of Phoenix Material Body Systems and Diseases Complete the table below for the required systems listed. You are required to list four to six of the main organs of each body system, one or two sentences explaining the function of the system itself in your own words, and a short list of five to six major diseases that afflict each system. This assignment is due in Week One. |System |Organs in the System |Function of the System |Major Diseases Afflicting the System | |Nervous System |Brain |The most impost important |Alzheimer | | |Spinal Cord |system in our body which |Parkinson | | |Peripheral System |assist the nerve impulses to |Epilepsy | | | |control what is receive and |Stroke | | | |process. |Multiple sclerosis | |Cardiovascular System |Heart |The cardiovascular system |Coronary artery | | |Blood Vessels |helps food and air (oxygen) to|Heart...
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...BIOS 255 Lymphatic System Assignment Student: ________________________________ Date:____________________________________ 1. Which structure is highlighted? [pic] A. thoracic duct B. right lymphatic duct C. cysterna chyli D. lumbar trunk E. bronchomediastinal trunk 2. Which structure is highlighted? [pic] A. stomach B. spleen C. pancreas D. liver E. thymus 3. Which structure is highlighted? [pic] A. uvula B. palatine tonsil C. pharyngeal tonsil D. lingual tonsil E. thymus 4. Which structure is highlighted? [pic] A. thoracic nodes B. iliac nodes C. cervical nodes D. axillary nodes E. mediastinal nodes 5. Which structure is highlighted? [pic] A. thoracic nodes B. inguinal nodes C. cervical nodes D. cysterna chyli E. mediastinal nodes 6. Which cell type transforms into plasma cells under the influence of cytokines? A. T-Helper cells B. Antigen presenting cells C. Cytotoxic T-cells D. B-cells 7. What cell type is stimulated by Helper T-cells? A. B-cell B. Antigen presenting cell C. Cytotoxic T-cell D. Macrophage 8. Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in A. protein. B. carbon dioxide. C. metabolic waste. D. electrolytes. E. sodium and potassium. 9. _____________ are the largest of the lymphatic vessels and they empty into the _______________. A. Lymphatic trunks; collecting ducts B. Lymphatic...
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...An important organ that is part of lymphatic system. It is an internal body organ in the abdomen just underneath the left rib cage. Spleen lies between fundus of stomach and diaphragm. In addition, “it is the largest collection of reticuloendothelial cells in the body and is composed of sponge like tissue of two types: red pulp, which is the dark reddish brown substance filling the interspaces of the sinuses of the spleen, and white pulp, which consists of sheaths of lymphatic tissue surrounding the arteries of the spleen” (Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, 2003). The spleen is not part of the digestive system however is connected to the blood vessels of both the stomach and the pancreas. Spleen...
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...Elephantiasis Tricia Kalemba ITT-Technical Institute Elephantiasis is the abnormal enlargement of any part of the body. The most common is the lower limbs and genital area. According to the health Ministry, elephantiasis is one of the oldest and most paralyzing diseases in the world. It is the second biggest cause of disability after mental disorders. There are two main types of elephantiasis. These two are lymphatic filariasis and non- filarial. Lymphatic filariasis is the most common form. It is caused by the obstruction of the lymphatic system. It is transmitted from human to human via mosquitos. It’s contracted by the parasite worm larvae that live inside mosquitos. The worm attacks the human spleen system. Non-filarial elephantiasis cause is unknown but is not due to infection. It is thought to be caused by constant skin contact with volcanic ash which contains sulfur and other mineral deposits. It is very rare and extremely difficult to treat. Elephantiasis is a difficult condition to diagnose in early stages. However, after it advances the symptoms are prominently observed. Such as severe swelling due to fluid accumulation called edema. The skin hardens and the lymph glands below the skin begins to swell up, causing body enlargement. The skin then undergoes hyperpigmentation and ulcers are seen on the skin. It is endemic in several African and south Asian countries. It affects 80 countries worldwide. Some complications if not caught early on are very painful to...
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...the body’s immune system, and their job is to protect the body against infections. The two main types of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). In lymphoma, one or more lymphocytes (B-cell or T-cell) mutate and grow in an uncontrolled manner. Lymphomas are classified according to the cell type they originate from, thus there are B-cell lymphomas and T-cell lymphomas. Lymphocytes are found within the lymphatic system, which includes the lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus. Most systemic lymphomas...
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...ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY P2, P3 4/27/2015 Khadra Ali | P1 – Outline the functions of the main cell components The human body is made up of millions of tiny cells that can only be seen under a microscope, cell also vary in shape and size. Cells are the basic structural of all living things. The human body is poised of trillions of cells. They give structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells also contain the body’s hereditary material and can make copies of them. Cells all have different sizes, shapes, and jobs to do. Each cell has a different function. The actual definition of cells is the smallest structural unit of the body that is capable of independent functioning, it consisting of one or more nuclei; it has a cytoplasm, and various organelles which are all surrounded by a cell membrane. There are four main parts to a cell; Plasma/Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus and Cell Organelles. Plasma/Cell membrane: The plasma/cell membrane is a phospho-lipid-protein bi-layer; the lipids are small fatty molecules in two layers (bi-layer) with larger protein molecules inserted at intervals partly or completely through the bi-layer. The lipid molecules are phospholipids, the two lipid chains are insoluble in water and the phosphate head is water soluble. The fluid which surrounds the cells and the cytoplasm are watery environments next to the phosphate heads. Protein molecules create channels...
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...Celiac Disease What is Celiac disease? Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that can occur in people who are genetically predisposed. Celiac disease runs in families so if you have a family member with it then you have a 1 in 10 chance of having it as well. This disease is said to affect approximately 1 in 100 people worldwide. There are at least 2 in a half million Americans who are undiagnosed and are at risk of having long term health problems. Celiac disease can be contracted at any age once a person starts taking medicine or eating foods that contain gluten. If it is left untreated, it can lead to more major health problems. Presently, the only known treatment for celiac disease is lifelong devotion to a strict gluten-free diet. People living gluten free must avoid foods with wheat,...
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