...detrimental to our clients and to us professionally. When we let our biases cloud our judgment, we may look negatively on others when she should be trying to help them instead. Letting our biases be part of therapy can also set us up for ethical violations which could endanger our licensure. It is important that helping professionals take the time to educate themselves on racial bias and make the efforts to not let bias effect their clients and the therapy sessions. As counselors, one will interact with many different people from many different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Counseling is no exception to the cycles of racism, despite the education and intentions of therapists who would like to think they would never deliberately act in a racist manner toward any of their clients. Unfortunately, even when a therapist has received multicultural training, racism often is shown unconsciously in the counseling processes. One thing that is important to note is that the responsibility for keeping racism out of therapy is not limited to counselors who feel they consciously display racist tendencies. The responsibly of keeping racial bias out of therapy also extends to the counselors who are unaware of their discriminatory behaviors. This may mean that...
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...depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, learned helplessness, and even ongoing resentment of the abuser. Out of many that suffer the emotional/psychological abuse, few seek treatment. There is little treatment recommended for this type of abuse as there is lack of evidence that any may work. Brief therapy is recommended with a focus on anger validation and interpersonal skill building, however, forgiveness therapy is a new form of treatment that focuses on forgiving an injustice and with helping with anxiety and depression as well as improving self-esteem (Reed & Enright, 2006, p.920). This therapy targets the ongoing resentment that can lead to the depression, anxiety, anger, and other psychological disparities (Reed & Enright, 2006,920). Forgiveness therapy gives an understanding to how unhealthy it is to hold on to the anger and the resentment. When offering forgiveness therapy as a form of treatment, the therapists must explain to them difference between forgiveness and condoning, excusing, or forgetting the acts of wrongdoing. Forgiveness is about promoting reclamation of valued personal qualities for women...
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...Running Head: Vulnerable population Name: Institution: Date: Definition and Identification Over the years, HIV has killed millions of people around the world. African Americans living in the United States represent one of the groups that are adversely affected by HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) refers to a virus that attacks one’s immune system which represents the natural defense system of a human body. When this defense system becomes weak, the body becomes susceptible to various diseases and infections. The virus that attacks the immune system as well as the infection that affects the body as a result of the weak immune system is called HIV. In 2014 alone, 5,128 African American women were diagnosed with HIV compared to 1,483 white women and 1,350 Latino/Hispanic women in the USA (CDC, 2016). This study is going to investigate the problem of HIV among this vulnerable population. The study will also investigate the risk factors of HIV among this population. Finally, the study is going to discuss the nursing implications. Problems, Susceptibility, Exposures and Frequency An earlier report by Global-Campaign in 2006 indicated that of the total population of the United States, African Americans only account for 13 percent. However, African Americans account for more than half of all the new HIV cases in the U.S. especially the women, making them a vulnerable community (Ragsdale-Hearns, 2012). This high frequency rates among them is due to various problems and...
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...INTRODUCTION Addiction is specifically concern with the process by which drug-taking behavior, in certain individuals, evolves into compulsive patterns of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior that take place at the expense of most other activities and the inability to cease drug-taking. THERE ARE FIVE THEORIES OF ADDICTION NAMELY; * MEDICAL MODEL * PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL * SOCIAL MODEL * MORAL MODEL * BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL MEDICAL MODEL This involves * Addiction as a “brain disease” * Neurotransmitter imbalance * Disease model: * Agent: drug * Vector: dealers * Host: addict PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL This involves the following * Drug abusers who are self-medicating * Drug abuse which is a symptom of underlying psychological problems * Drug use is also a maladaptive psychological coping strategy * Drug abusers also need to resolve internal conflict, and when they do, drug use will be unnecessary. SOCIAL MODEL This involves * Drug use as a learned behavior * People using drugs because drug use is modeled by others * Peer pressure * Environmental effects leading to drug use MORAL MODEL * Addicts are usually weak and can overcome a compulsion to use with willpower * Drug abusers are anti-social and should be punished for that * Drug are generally evil BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL * All the above are true, to greater or lesser degrees * Each person’s drug use is a result of some aspects of some or all...
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...1 HLTH 21: Health Education Spring 2012 Course Orientation This course is all about what YOU want and need to know about personal, family, and community health with an emphasis on epidemiology of disease, nutritional behavior, communicable disease, disease prevention, mental health, and substance abuse. It's really up to you to decide how much you want to get out of this course in terms of meeting your personal and professional goals. Learning Outcomes By the end of this course, students should be able to: Assess health behavior choices, apply that information to everyday life for the improvement of individual, family, and community well-being. Identify preconceived ideas about knowledge, values, and behavior that affect health and compare with established research and accepted scientific evidence. How to be Successful in this Course Plan to spend at least 9 hours per week on this course. Login and keep up with readings, discussions, and quizzes on a weekly basis. Click on Course Map and get familiar with it. First, introduce yourself in the Discussion Forum. Before you begin with the Module readings, take some time to get to know your classmates. Click on the Discussion and Private Messages link to the left of your screen. Click on Discussion Forum titled: Introductions Post a message to tell us a little bit about yourself such as your major, degree plans, career goals, hobbies/interests, and why you are taking this course. Read your...
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...Screening may be a tool for spotting “red flag,” a way to indicate a more comprehensive assessment is needed (Kaminer 2008). Pg. 99. Psychological problems go together with addiction. Addicted women are most likely to suffer from affective disorders such as depression and anxiety. Another treatment plans the “Relapse Prevention Model” (RP) is the model that I will use with Anna. The Relapse Prevention (RP) model is one of the most well-known models used to prevent or manage relapse. It is an approach based on cognitive-behavioral theory and includes aspects of social learning theory, (Marlatt & Gordon, 1985). Anna’s individual treatment plan for her short-term goals and building skills needs prevention teen pregnancy and of STD’s disease. Once Anna gets released from the juvenile system, the focus will be for her to finish high school. I would have a list of scenarios that could lead to her relapse and have a plan for what Anna should do instead of drinking. Also, I will advise impotence of her taking a sex education...
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...SOLUTION-FOCUSED PASTORAL COUNSELING FINAL PROJECT By Marlinda M. House Rhodes Student ID #: 25149472 Presented to Dr. Max Grayson Mills In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Introduction to Pastoral Counseling PACO 500 Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA August 18, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………..3 PART 1: THE COUNSELING SETTING Solution-Focused Pastoral Counseling Preference…………………………………....4 PART 2: THE COUNSELING STYLE Rational of Style and Assessments……………………………………………………….5 Overview Check and Balance………………………………………………………....6 PART 3: The Counseling Structure Strategy Phase 1 The Event…………………………………………………………………....7 Phase 2 Preferred Solutions………………………………………………………….….8 Phase 3 The Path to Change……………………………………………………….…9 Phase 4 Covenants for Success …………………………………………………………9 PART 4: Counseling Summation Supportive Approach ……………………………………………………………..10 ...
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...of engagement in communication skills including different stages of interaction. Also, the impact on the different stages of interaction will be identified. To demonstrate and understand these stages, an individual counselling process session will be used and will be related to midwifery. The first stage of the counselling process is the preparation stage. It involves health professionals being aware of their personal beliefs and feelings as well as receiving and reviewing referral information (Geldard & Geldard. 2012). Prior the first meeting with women, midwives have to make sure that their practices is safe meaning they have thought on their own values but also their own attitudes and beliefs. They have to ensure there are no disparity (Phiri, Dietsch , Bonner, 2010). Midwives are more likely to be confronted with women with various social determinants of health. For that reason, the stage of preparing to meet these women are extremely essential. To give an example, when midwives meet women who have unsafe comportments such as alcohol consumption or smoking, they need to have positive attitudes towards them. That means, midwives need to be constructive and encouraging. Through beneficial and favourable interactions midwives have the potential to elaborate long term outcomes for the future mum and baby. This is true as pregnancy is recognizing to be a very teachable moment (Pairman et al.2015). Sometimes, midwives have to contact women throughout their pregnancy to gather...
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...of the CARIBBEAN SAVANNA-LA-MAR CAMPUS COURSE: Guidance and Counseling / Psychology (year 3) Borderline Personality Disorder TERM PAPER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the COURSE: Abnormal Psychology PRESENTED TO: MS. Loi Perry PRESENTED BY: Kerese Mckenzie ID#: 1220654 Date: March 24, 2016 The current diagnostic criteria set for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is taken from the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5 (APA, 2013). Patients must meet five of nine criteria in order to be diagnosed with BPD. Patients who partially, but incompletely, meet this criteria set may be considered to have borderline personality traits or features. Although not fulfilling criteria for the full disorder, such a formulation may nonetheless be useful in guiding treatment decisions. Borderline personality disorder is said to be one of the most misunderstood diseases. According to John Grohol, it is a condition marked by a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behaviour, as it is covered in Criterion 5. 2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. 3. Identity disturbance:...
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...Running Head: Community Assessment and Analysis Community Assessment and Analysis: The State of Arizona Team Purple Grand Canyon University: NRS 427V September 9, 2012 Community Assessment and Analysis Arizona is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west with the state’s capitol and largest city being, Phoenix. The second largest Arizona city is Tucson, which is then followed in size by eight Phoenix metropolitan area cities: Mesa, Glendale, Chandler, Scottsdale, Gilbert, Tempe, Peoria and Yuma. Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. It is one of the four corner states, which borders Utah, Nevada, and California. It also has a 389-mile (626 km) international border with the states of Sonora and Baja California in Mexico. Arizona is noted for its desert climate; exceptionally hot summers, and mild winters, and it also features pine forests and mountain ranges in the northern high country with much cooler weather than in the lower deserts. The state is covered with beautiful desert landscape. There is also the less known pine-covered high country of the Colorado Plateau in the north-central portion of the state which contrasts with the desert Basin and Range region in the southern portions of the state. It is known for being home to one of the natural wonders of the...
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...Running head: STRESS EATING AMONG FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS “Do Female College Students Eat More than Male College Students when Stressed?” Maxine Mempin and Tresha Mae Torino University of San Carlos, Talamban Campus Cebu City, Philippines Abstract College has been found to be stressful for many young adults (Pierceall and Keim, 2007). This study examines the relationship between academic stress and compulsive eating of college students in the various universities/collages in Cebu City, Philippines. Students (male and female) N = 60 were conveniently sampled in a form of an online survey. Results were gathered by the use of the Compulsive Eating Scale developed by (Kagan & Squires, 1984) and the stressful situations questionnaire SSQ by (Hodges and Fellings, 1970). The results were compared using Carl Pearson, coefficient of correlation (r). There was a medium, positive correlation between the two variables (r=.314, N=60, p=.015), with high levels of academic stress associated with high levels of compulsive eating. Then, an independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare the compulsive eating behavior scores for female and males. There was a significant difference in scores for females (M = 3.7543, SD = .72263) and males [M = 2.9125, SD = .91099; t (58) = 3.965, p = .00]. The research proves that the more stress a person feels in certain situations, the more likely they are to overeat. Specifically, female students stress eats more than male students. “Do...
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...strategy. Nel et al (2004) says, change is an ever-present feature of organisational life, both at an operational and strategic level. Therefore, there should be no doubt regarding the importance to any organisation of its ability to identify where it needs to be in the future, and how to manage the changes required getting there. Organisation seeks for a change due to various reasons ranging from to earn the profit to make more benefit in a business. But due to various reasons they face problems of low level of success in their change efforts. Either from the point of view of employees or by the point of view of management. According to Daft (1994), organisations sense a need for change when they perceive a performance gap, that is, a disparity between existing and desired levels of performance. It seems a somewhat narrow definition in that it implies all change is planned and positive and seems to ignore the possibility of unplanned and potentially negative change - for example, unexpected budget cuts. This said, most change is planned, is intended to be positive and arises from the need to respond to new challenges and opportunities (Mullins, 1996). In response to, or in anticipation of such factors, organisations may initiate change. This can incorporate both structure (hierarchy and division of work) and communication , and such change may involve, amongst other things, costs, job design, staff development and training, working conditions and new services or products (Cornell...
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...problems” (De Chesney, 2008, p. 3). As Stanhope and Lancaster (2012) identify “epidemiology is a multidisciplinary enterprise that recognizes the complex interrelationships of factors that influence disease and health at both the individual level and the community level; it provides the basic tools for the study of health and disease in communities” (p. 282). In every community there are vulnerable populations as this definition can be applied to anyone whether one enters the health care arena or one does not. De Chesney states, “Vulnerable populations are those at risk for poor physical, psychological, or social health” (p. 3). There are many considerations when assessing vulnerable populations. “Nurses should be able to distinguish between cultural and socioeconomic class issues and not...
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...Historically, in cases of peer-to-peer abuse, whether physical or emotional, the blame is laid on the belligerent boys or girls. The bystanders who hover, chime in, or squirm on the outskirts of the 'mean' action are dismissed as irrelevant. Also dismissed are those who spread the tale of the victim's woe through the grapevine. In truth, however, this supporting cast plays a significant role in peer-to-peer violence....Bystanders make or break bullying episodes." (Our Children) This article examines the role of the bystander in bullying incidents and outlines some strategies to help encourage young bystanders to act in these situations. OUR CHILDREN Nov./Dec. 2003, pp. 8-10 Reprinted with permission from National PTA. Article originally appeared in OUR CHILDREN magazine, Vol.29, No.3, November/December 2003 pp. 8-10. The Bystander: A Bully's Often-Unrecognized Accomplice By Margaret Sagarese and Charlene C. Giannetti A few years ago, an upstate New York newspaper headline noted that 60 high school girls and boys, ages 14 to 21, faced criminal prosecution for leering at and cheering on two brawling 15-year-old boys. The headline and accompanying story startled us. What we found amazing about this news item was that the police were holding "the human boxing ring" accountable. The "innocent bystander" status usually accorded people on the periphery of such violence was ruled out. The furor over the Glenbrook North High School (Northbrook, Illinois)...
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...The Effects Of Divorce On Chidren and Families Background of the study In our epoch, divorces are among the most important social problems of modern society. According to recent studies, almost every second marriage in the United States ends with separation of the partners. Of course, many of such families have one or more young children and teenagers, who must learn to live with the problem of divorced parents. Actually, everybody who is involved in divorce has to suffer a lot, because the majority of the divorces are connected with scandals, constant confrontations, misunderstandings, humiliation and other negative effects. Of course, there are some situations when separation of the parents becomes a happy end of their relations and a relief for everybody in the family. But, unfortunately, those situations are very rare and not typical. That is why it is possible to say that the effects of the divorce on families are more likely to be negative and destructive than positive. The children are the ones that is affected through divorce they experience different emotions the way how they accept things. Children have those negative thoughts about divorce that can lead to misunderstanding and other quarrels. The emotional state of the children will be most affected by this the way they see their parents that not in good terms affects their emotional state. A lot of struggle will be happen when divorce came the different aspects of a family will be affected. There are different...
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