...PROGRAMME STRUCTURE FOR ISBE (PG) |S No |Subject |Credit | |1. |Business Statistics |3 | |2. |Operations & Optimization Research |3 | |3. |Economics for Managerial Decision Making – II |2 | |4. |Management Information System & KM |2 | |5. |Human Resource Management |2 | |6. |Financial Management |2 | |7. |Executive Communication |6 | |8. |National Economic Planning – I (Presentation Only) |2 | |9. |National Economic Planning - II |2 | BUSINESS STATISTICS (As per University...
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...firm prior to launching the bid – A full takeover involves the bidder acquiring 100% control of the target. A partial takeover involves the bidder acquiring less than 100% control. Takeovers, Acquisitions, Mergers and Schemes • Acquisitions – In general, the purchase of an asset by a firm – Includes purchases of single assets from a supplier or the purchase of the business undertaking and assets of another firm or the purchase of the voting shares of another firm Takeovers, Acquisitions, Mergers and Schemes • Merger – A negotiated deal between the managers of the bidder and the managers of the target which effectively results in the two firms becoming one – There are various ways by which a merger can be effected including (i) a share exchange between the bidder and the shareholders in the target and (ii) a scheme of arrangement – The traditional distinction between a merger and a takeover is the degree of hostility between the bidder and target – A merger is essentially a “friendly takeover” Takeovers,...
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...CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction The basic problem of an economic society is to allocate resources among the members of the society so as to maximize the welfare of the society as a whole. To achieve this welfare objective, each resource should be used to perform the functions by which it contributes most efficiently to society. In a market economy, the price system allocates these resources. That is, prices furnish the guideposts that indicate how resources should be used. Prices determine what products and services should be produced and in what amounts. Prices determine how these products and services should be produced. And prices determine for whom the products and services should be produced. Thus prices affect both incomes and spending behavior. For the consumer with a given income level, prices influence what to buy and how much of each product to buy. For business firms, profits are determined by the difference between revenues and costs, with revenues determined by multiplying price per unit sold by the number of units sold. Price changes also play a major role in a market economy. When the quantity demanded for a product or service is greater than the supply available, buyers bid the price up. If costs remain the same per unit sold, the higher price leads to greater profits and an incentive to invest in resources to produce even greater quantities of the product. Thus, the producers are able to bid more for raw material resources, thereby...
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...USED RATIOS 15 RESOURCES 16 Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board MOE & UCLES 2014 1 9755 H2 PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING (2016) INTRODUCTION Principles of Accounting aims to provide candidates with a foundation course in accounting at a breadth and depth appropriate to the A Level. It is designed to provide candidates with a sound understanding of financial and managerial accounting procedures and an appreciation of its role in society. The teaching approach emphasises the broad educational aspects of the subject rather than one which is vocational or professional in nature. There is no requirement to learn the published accounting standards. Prior knowledge is not necessary for students offering this syllabus. It is not the intent of this syllabus to be a pre-requisite for any business-related courses. AIMS 1. Develop an understanding of the concepts, principles and practices of accounting and the ability to apply them in a variety of business and personal situations; 2. Develop an understanding of the role of accounting as an information system for monitoring, problemsolving and decision-making in changing economic, social and technological environments; 3. Develop a critical approach to analysing and evaluating accounting policies and practices; 4. Develop skills of communication, analysis, interpretation and presentation of both qualitative and quantitative accounting information. ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES AO1 Knowledge and Understanding Demonstrate knowledge...
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...Table of Contents Managerial Economics: Bridging the gap between economic theory and business practice Introduction 3 Definition 3 Economic Theory Vs. Managerial Theory 4 Decision-making 6 Scope of Managerial Economics 6 Positive versus Normative Economics 7 Positive Economics 7 Normative Economics 7 Examples Demonstrating How Managerial Economics Translates Economic Theory into Business Practice 9 Demand Analysis and Forecasting 9 Cost and Production Analysis 10 Inventory Management 10 Advertising 11 Pricing Decision, Policies and Practices 11 Profit Management 11 Capital Management 12 Responsibilities of a Managerial Economist 13 Conclusion 15 Gadgets International: A Case Study Nature of the Case Study 16 About Gadgets International (GI) 16 Market/Industry Structure 17 Firm’s Objectives 19 Using Economic Theory to Attain Gadgets International’s Organizational Goals & Objectives 19 Optimal Output Level & Pricing Strategy 19 Inputs and Costs 22 Accommodating Change 24 Promoting Growth 25 Conclusion 26 Managerial Economics Bridging the gap between economic theory and business practice Introduction The science of Managerial Economics has emerged only recently. With the growing variability and unpredictability of the business environment, business managers have become increasingly concerned with finding rational and ways of adjusting to an exploiting environmental change. Managerial economics generally refers to the integration...
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...Business » Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd ed. » Man-Mix » Managerial Economics MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Ads by Google 1 year diploma courses - Info on Courses, Scholarships & Admissions from IDP Experts. -india.idp.com/18001022233 SWOT Analysis Tool - Get a free 30 day trial of Mindjet the leading Mindmapping Tool! -www.Mindjet.com online gcp courses - Online, Classroom & Blended Courses Certification Programs & More! -www.cfpie.com CAT Scholarships-T.I.M.E. - Must for all cat and mba aspirants Register Now-Upto 100% scholarships - www.time4education.com/ttse Photo by: nyul Ads by Google MBA - Supply Chain Mgmt. 100% Online backed by Textbooks Academic support,E-Library.Join Now utsglobal.edu.in Rapid eLearning Train your employees with Rapid eLearning, cut your business costs www.niidtech.com MBA Distance Education Online 1 Yr MBA @ 29000. Approved from AIMA India & IAD UK. Enrol Now www.iibmindia.in Papermaking Technology Download white papers on new papermaking machines and processes www.risiinfo.com/whitepapers Decisions made by managers are crucial to the success or failure of a business. Roles played by business managers are becoming increasingly more challenging as complexity in the business world grows. Business decisions are increasingly dependent on constraints imposed from outside the economy in which a particular business is based—both in terms of production of goods as well as the markets for the goods produced. The impact of rapid...
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...some phenomenon of the weather and did nothing to prepare themselves for attack (Handy 1990), marketers may ignore some important information in their environment simply because it is not consistent with their past experience. The purpose of this article is to outline both the intellectual and the pragmatic roots of changes that are occurring in marketing, especially marketing management, as a body of knowledge, theory, and practice and to suggest the need for a new paradigm of the marketing function within the firm. First, the origins of the marketing management framework, the generally accepted paradigm of the marketing discipline for the past three decades, are considered. Then shifting managerial practice is examined, especially the dissolution of hierarchical bureaucratic structures in favor of networks of buyer-seller relationships and strategic alliances. Within those new forms of organization, the changing role of marketing is discussed and a reconceptualization of marketing as a field of study and...
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...Case Write-up Appex Corporation 1. What were the challenges Shikhar Ghosh faced when he joined Appex? When Shikhar Ghosh joined Appex Corporation in May 1988, the Cellular Telephone Industry was growing rapidly and the market for Appex was expanding. The need of the time was a large scale expansion and organizational level changes to handle the increasing customer demands and planning for the future strategies. Following were the challenges which Ghosh faced when he joined Appex: 1) The organization was initially small and the decision making was centralized among the key executives. All other employees were only involved in developing and selling products. 2) People had expertise in definite sectors but everybody did anything which came to their mind. 3) There was no functional structure, roles were not defined and there was no job description 4) As the market was growing, more projects poured in and people worked on many projects at once 5) The environment started becoming chaotic and the company was spending cash quickly without monitoring its expenses. 6) Employees were only “fire-fighting” with the existing operations and there was no development or underlying planning structure. 7) Customer complaints started increasing and Appex was unable to handle the increasing demand and volume of customer requests. 8) Company started missing the installation dates and fell behind schedules, there were failures in product development. 9) Information flow started...
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...The Australian Journal of Public Administration, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 353–366 doi:10.1111/j.1467-8500.2007.00545.x RESEARCH AND EVALUATION From New Public Management to Public Value: Paradigmatic Change and Managerial Implications Janine O’Flynn The Australian National University Both practitioners and scholars are increasingly interested in the idea of public value as a way of understanding government activity, informing policy-making and constructing service delivery. In part this represents a response to the concerns about ‘new public management’, but it also provides an interesting way of viewing what public sector organisations and public managers actually do. The purpose of this article is to examine this emerging approach by reviewing new public management and contrasting this with a public value paradigm. This provides the basis for a conceptual discussion of differences in approach, but also for pointing to some practical implications for both public sector management and public sector managers. Key words: new public management, public value, role of managers Public sector reform has been a common experience across the world despite its different forms and foci (Pollitt and Bouckaert 2004). Commonly as scholars and practitioners we refer to the reforms of the last few decades as ‘new public management’ (NPM) which, for Hood (1991), represented a paradigmatic break from the traditional model of public administration. During this era several countries became...
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...dynamic equilibrium – partial equilibrium and general equilibrium, positive economics and normative economics, managerial economics. Basic concepts – wealth, welfare and scarcity. Basic tools of economics analysis (equations and functions, graphs and diagrams, slope and intercepts) Module 2 : Consumers Behaviour and Demand Marishallian Approach : Equi-marginal utility, Law of demand – Determinants of demand. Elasticity of demand and its measurement. Price – Income – Cross and Promotional elasticity of demand. Consumer’s Surplus. Hicksian Approach : Indifference curves – properties of Indifference Curve, Consumer’s Equilibrium, Price effect, Income effect and substitution effect – Derivation of demand from Price Consumption Curve (PCC) – Giffen’s paradox. Samuelson Approach : Revealed Preference Theory. Module 3 : Production and Cost Analysis Concept of production function : short run and long run – Cobb – Douglass production function. isoquants – iso-cost line – producer’s equilibrium. Law of variable proportion and Law of returns to scale – Economies of scale – Economies of scope. Concepts of costs : Money and real cost, Opportunity cost, Social cost, Private cost – Derivation of short run and long run cost curves– Learning curve. SECTION –II Module 4 : Theory of Firm : Concepts of revenue : Total Revenue, Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue – Relationship between TR, AR and MR under perfect and imperfect competition – AR, MR and elasticity. Objectives of a Firm – Analysis...
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...Assignment no: 509 Answer Managerial economics refers to the application of economic theory and the tools of analysis of decision science to examine how an organization can achieve it aims or objectives most efficiently. Importance of managerial economics Managerial Decision Problems Economic theory Microeconomics Macroeconomics Decision Sciences Mathematical Economics Econometrics MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Application of economic theory and decision science tools to solve managerial decision problems OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS TO MANAGERIAL DECISION PROBLEMS Managerial Decision Problems Economic theory Microeconomics Macroeconomics Decision Sciences Mathematical Economics Econometrics MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Application of economic theory and decision science tools to solve managerial decision problems OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS TO MANAGERIAL DECISION PROBLEMS Managerial enables the use of economic logic and principles to aid management decision-making. Managers are decision-makers and economics should be relevant to give practical guidance in arriving at right decisions. Every manager has to take important decisions about using his limited resources like land, capital, labour, finance etc. to get the maximum returns, therefore, managerial economics, concentrates on those practical aspects of micro-economics which help in decision-making. Managerial economics focuses on the most profitable use of scarce resources rather than on the achievement of equilibrium prices...
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...AGUILERA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign GREGORY JACKSON Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry We develop a theoretical model to describe and explain variation in corporate governance among advanced capitalist economies, identifying the social relations and institutional arrangements that shape who controls corporations, what interests corporations serve, and the allocation of rights and responsibilities among corporate stakeholders. Our “actor-centered” institutional approach explains firm-level corporate governance practices in terms of institutional factors that shape how actors’ interests are defined (“socially constructed”) and represented. Our model has strong implications for studying issues of international convergence. Corporate governance concerns “the structure of rights and responsibilities among the parties with a stake in the firm” (Aoki, 2000: 11). Yet the diversity of practices around the world nearly defies a common definition. Internationalization has sparked policy debates over the transportability of best practices and has fueled academic studies on the prospects of international convergence (Guillen, 2000; Rubach & Sebora, ´ 1998; Thomas & Waring, 1999). What the salient national differences in corporate governance are and how they should best be conceptualized remain hotly debated (Gedajlovic & Shapiro, 1998; O’Sullivan, 2000; Pedersen & Thomsen, 1997; Prowse, 1995; Shleifer & Vishny, 1997; Thomsen & Pedersen, 2000). In most comparisons...
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...lieu of them will be as per the University Rules in force on the date of the admission. 4. Foreign candidates’ admission is based on the Screening Process of the University currently in vogue. 1.2 M.B.A. (Evening) Candidate seeking admission into Part-Time M.B.A. (Evening) Programme has to satisfy the following Conditions: 1. Must be a Bachelor Degree holder of Osmania University or a Degree recognized by the university as equivalent thereto and/ (or) as per the Rules laid down by the University. 2. The candidate seeking admission must qualify in the entrance examination conducted by the appropriate authority in the year of admission as per the norms prescribed by the University. a. Must have at least Two years experience in Executive / Managerial /Administrative/ Supervisory position in any organization after obtaining the Bachelor Degree. Or b. Officers / Executives / Engineers working with any Government / Quasi govt. /Autonomous bodies / Local authorities/ teachers working in academic institutions with post-bachelor’s experience of 2 years. Or...
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...5Frederick E. Webster, Jr. The Changing Role of Marketing in the Corporation New organization forms, including strategic partnerships and networks, are replacing sinnple market-based transactions and traditional bureaucratic hierarchical organizations. The historical marketing management function, based on the microeconomic maximization paradigm, must be critically examined for its relevance to marketing theory and practice in the 1990s. A new conception of marketing will focus on managing strategic partnerships and positioning the firm between vendors and customers in the value chain with the aim of delivering superior value to customers. Customer relationships will be seen as the key strategic resource of the business. .^ ., OR the past two decades, some subtle changes in the concept and practice of marketing have been fundamentally reshaping the field. Many of these changes have been initiated by industry, in the form of new organizational types, without explicit concern for their underlying theoretical explanation or justification. On the academic side, prophetic voices have been speaking (Amdt 1979, 1981, 1983; Thorelli 1986; Van de Ven 1976; Williamson 1975) but seldom heard because, representing several different disciplines, they did not sing as a chorus. More basically, perhaps, few listeners were ready to hear the message or to do the intellectual work necessary to pull the several themes together. Like the Peruvian Indians who thought the sails of Ihe Spanish...
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...of April. For a refresher on independent and dependent variables, please go to Sophia’s Website and review the Independent and Dependent Variables tutorial, located at http://www.sophia.org/tutorials/independentand- dependent-variables–3. Note: Your professor will provide you with the equation and data necessary for you to complete this assignment. You will find this information attached to Assignment 1 within the course shell. Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Compute the elasticities for each independent variable. Note: Write down all of your calculations. 2. Determine the implications for each of the computed elasticities for the business in terms of shortterm and long-term pricing strategies. Provide a rationale in which you cite your results. 3. Recommend whether you believe that this firm should or should not cut its price to increase its market share. Provide support for your recommendation. 4. Assume that all the factors affecting demand in this model remain the same, but that the price has changed. Further assume that the price changes are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 dollars. a) Plot the demand curve for the firm. b) Plot the corresponding supply curve on the same graph using the supply function Q = 5200 + 45P with the same prices. c) Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. d) Outline the significant factors that could cause changes in supply and demand for the product. Determine the...
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