...User Authentication through Keystroke Dynamics1 FRANCESCO BERGADANO, DANIELE GUNETTI, and CLAUDIA PICARDI University of Torino Unlike other access control systems based on biometric features, keystroke analysis has not led to techniques providing an acceptable level of accuracy. The reason is probably the intrinsic variability of typing dynamics, versus other—very stable—biometric characteristics, such as face or fingerprint patterns. In this paper we present an original measure for keystroke dynamics that limits the instability of this biometric feature. We have tested our approach on 154 individuals, achieving a False Alarm Rate of about 4% and an Impostor Pass Rate of less than 0.01%. This performance is reached using the same sampling text for all the individuals, allowing typing errors, without any specific tailoring of the authentication system with respect to the available set of typing samples and users, and collecting the samples over a 28.8-Kbaud remote modem connection. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.4.6 [Operating Systems]: Security and Protection—access controls, authentication General Terms: Experimentation, Security Additional Key Words and Phrases: Biometric techniques, keystroke analysis 1. INTRODUCTION Biometric features (and techniques [Ashbourn 2000a]) are conveniently divided into two main categories. The physiological features include face, eye (normally, retinal or iris patterns), fingerprints, palm topology, hand geometry, wrist veins and thermal...
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...Advantages of a computer 1. It helps you automate various tasks that cannot do manually. 2. It helps you organize your data and information. 3. It has much more computing and calculating power than an ordinary human. 4. It may help your work to be a lot easier. 5. It can help you communicate with friends, co workers and other contacts. 6. It has many search engines to help you find information quickly. 7. We are able to produce documents with ease because of computers. On typewriters as a comparison, one would either need whiteout or to go back and type over a mistaken letter or grammar issue. Thus, it is easier to correct typed documents. Limitation of a computer 1. The computer can only perform the tasks you ask it to. You cannot expect a computer to be smarter than the person running it you have to tell the computer what tasks you want it to do. Yes, there are processes in the background, but these run base on present info built into the operating system. 2. A computer cannot generate info by itself. You have to give the computer operation and even new instructions from time to time. Updates for examples are a way to get info to your computer to help streamline its functionality, but you still have to feed it that info by having an internet connection and automatic updates. 3. If you give the computer wrong data it is going to give you wrong information. The computer can only work with what you give it. It’s just...
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...(If you are accessing this via the web: FIRST, select → [File] → [Save As] → Then select somewhere to save it, usually your Floppy A or your Desktop) Then re-open this file using Microsoft Word ------------------------------------------------------------------ Instructions on how to insert the text of the speech: 1. Start typing after “I. ” 2. When you have completed all the information on that line hit [Enter] 3. Use the [Increase Indent] [pic] – it is a button on the toolbar located on top right of the screen. You can continue using increase indent to go to a new lower level as many times as it is needed. After you have typed each line hit [Enter] i. You use the button next to it, [Decrease Indent] [pic] to return to main point, or a higher outline level. ii. Note- If you do not see these buttons, go to [View] – [Toolbars] – [Formatting] 4. After you have completed each main point, start with the next section by clicking behind the next main point (II., III.). Just delete any unneeded text or numbering in each section. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Student's Name R110 - Section No. ??? Date Instructor's Name Title of Speech -- (optional) Specific Purpose: ??? Central Idea: ??? |LEFT COLUMN |MIDDLE COLUMN |RIGHT COLUMN | |label speech functions |content...
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...mistake was not having a note book to write down notes as she was showing me around, nothing seemed complicated at that moment and I thought I could easily do the job until I made my first mistake, I typed a quotation and faxed it to a client without stamping and/or signing it and my manager noticed, she is a perfectionist she pays attention to every detail and she was upset about it. The industry is people oriented and to attract people to the guest house we should always do the job to the best of our abilities and ensure that they have a worthwhile stay with us so that they also feel that they are cared for, they are respected and their needs are catered for, and so I understood her emotions. My responsibilities include • Typing of quotations, • Typing of invoices, • Emailing and/or faxing documents to clients, • Making accommodation and conferencing reservations, • Answering and making office calls, • Answering and making managers calls, • Welcoming and showing guests around the guest house and • Filling of office documents. I have been working at the guest house for almost a month and I have learnt so much in that period, I have...
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...Recruit, select and induct staff Executive Summary This report is prepared to provide information on how to proceed with recruit, select and induct the administration assistant for Goodson Construction Company and at the moment we are developing our company structure. Because of that, the company require a new staff to assist the administration team. Specifically, this paper aims to explain the reason of the employment and provide information for recruitment, selection and induction of new employee. The major findings are as follows: Within the considering process of the recruitment there are some information used to help making the decision and choosing the right candidate for the new position. Those information include job analysis for the administration officers, personal description and suitable applicants for the position. Table of Contents Executive Summary i 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose of report 1 1.3 Scope 1 2. Findings 2 2.1 Determined the additional staff will require for the company 2 2.2 Job analysis 2 2.3 Position description 3 2.4 Personal description 3 2.5 List of the criteria that used to select the appropriate applicant 3 2.6 Suitable applicants for the position 4 3. Explanation of the responsible for interview process 5 3.1 How to make decision 5 3.2 List of records 5 4. Confirm the conditions of employees 6 4.1 Induction plan for the...
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...[ Tips for Excellent Minute Taking ] Ubiqus UK Cliffords Inn - Fetter Lane London EC4A 1LD t: 020 7269 0370 - f: 020 7405 9884 W: www.ubiqus.co.uk – E: infouk@ubiqus.com Tips for Excellent Minute Taking 1) Understand the meeting. Accuracy Meeting minutes have no value if they are not accurate. Names and terms, especially the organisation’s own jargon, must be spelled correctly. And if you are taking minutes without the backup of an audio recording, you need to get it right the first time in your notes: there is no second chance. It’s very difficult to take accurate notes if you are unfamiliar with what you’re hearing. Preparation A good minute taker will prepare him or herself ahead of the meeting. Make sure you understand the agenda and review related documents, such as minutes from previous meetings, related hearings or interviews. Based on these documents, build a glossary of names and terms. A good glossary makes minute taking easier, faster and more accurate. Some people believe that only someone from the same organisation - or even the same department can understand the meeting well enough to take accurate minutes. As independent minute takers, we find this simply isn’t true. In fact, many times someone less intimately connected to proceedings can actually take better notes. An outside minute taker will often be able to hear and record what was actually said, without "reading into" the connotations. A lot of organisations waste a lot of time reviewing...
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...First Name Last Name Street Address City, State Abbreviation Zip Code Best Phone Number • Professional Email OBJECTIVE Choose One From List of Career Objectives QUALIFICATIONS * Details of skills valued in the workplace * List your computer skills (i.e. Proficient in Microsoft Word and Excel) * Typing speed - visit www.typingtest.com to determine your words per minute) * List any special awards or achievements * Certifications or licenses obtained * Languages (other than English) spoken fluently EDUCATION Ultimate Medical Academy - Online – Tampa, FL Graduation Year Program/major/degree/diploma obtained (i.e. Medical Billing & Coding Diploma) * Details of specialized training * Academic honors or awards received Name of School Attended - City, State Graduation Year Program/major/degree/diploma obtained * Academic honors or awards received WORK EXPERIENCE Company Name – City, State Abbreviation Start Mo/Yr–End Mo/Yr. Job Title * Include 3-4 bullet points stating EXACTLY what your job duties are for this position * Provide one (1) measurable example of how you go “above and beyond” on the job – (i.e. 200 dials per day in a call center, top 10% of sales force, etc.) Company Name – City, State Abbreviation Start Mo/Yr–End Mo/Yr. Job Title * Include 3-4 bullet points stating EXACTLY what your job duties are for this position...
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...jfdafj oiejidf ioefj kleajf eoiaefjp epaiofjaeiopf hepiourf ioe rioaerorejioarjeoiar jperijraeiopr ejaaer erawiope rjpoiaerjoaejiaejopieioperj ije r the bob wne to the dad and they went to the fambker and teh had i v fucking timapmfdaf more orver the place was awesome and i'm broed as hell and that his why i'm rwoiejraiopr doing this jsut for no reason at all but i oweiioapejraeoi jj like to do this dstufdioas fj myh spare tiejaprja sof i gi piasda hv ea fun time aeio ndnf this worlkd of oours ls.fjslrjeo i jliieikto to play soemnmew tjisport snad i dont' wknow whaty the vikings waisted it that mouchc how many workds is qual to 250, i fesall like iahve typed that many already but it ckeeps ssaying i have not typed that many so i will keep typing until i ahve reached the two hundred and fifty fowrds makximumn or i mean minimm and when that happens i lll be singed upa nd this message will be be posted for not reason at all. holyh shit hter is no way this iisnt' not 250 words but whatever i'll give it one more try and then if i dint;' get it iwll wjust give upa dfandfnad;kfna fthatnen i will not dafo this sanymore mandanfladklfjasd;fkljasd;klfjaskl; fjask fjasl;k fjasdkl;fj askl;dfj askldfjldkfj dkjfk djkdj fdkjfdkj fdkdkj j j j j j j jk jk k a a a a a a a a a a a a i ii i i i i ii i i i i i ii i i i e e e e e e e e e e e e e e o oo o o o oo o o o o oo o o oo u u u u uu u u u y y y yy y yyyyyyy oh my oh myoliuj li jfk ladj;lfk...
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...I didn’t know whether I had to be glad or upset when I had been decided to apprentice at Brawijaya University. Even though I really wanted to apprentice there I was afraid to not be able to adapt well. Besides, my parents didn’t allow me to apprentice in an instance which was far away from my home. So that`s why I told my teacher to move. But he didn’t admit because all instances had been full. I tried to think positively. Unfortunately what I was afraid happened. I had experienced some difficulties to adapt for thirty days. The first day at BAPSI room (an administration and information division of Brawijaya University) I was like a useless person. I sat like a statue where people only saw without inviting it to talk. So I had no a brave to ask work to do. About one hour later one of them Mrs. Tatik made me type. I felt confident enough to do my first task. But new problem came. The type machine was totally different from the one I had used at my school. I still strived to prove that I could. But the luckiness didn’t take side. For almost one hour I haven’t typed at all. When Mrs. Tatik saw the paper was still blank her face looked disappointed. Finally she taught me to operate the type machine. Mrs. Tatik was a perfect employee. But sometimes I thought it was affluent. On the twenty seventh day she made me type a double degree students report. Then I printed and gave it to her. She considered that it was still wrong. I retyped and reprinted it more than three times. But she...
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...Direct Recruitment of Postal Assistants/Sorting Assistants / Postal Assistants (SBCO) India Post Selection Process: The final merit shall be prepared on the basis of the aggregate marks obtained by the Applicants in the Aptitude Test (Paper I) only subject to their qualifying in Computer/Typing test (Paper 2). India Post Exam Pattern: The Applicants shall be subjected to an Aptitude Test with a total 100 marks covering the following subjects/topics. Aptitude Test (Paper I) will be comprising following four parts (A/B/C/D). The total duration of the Aptitude Test will be 2 hrs (120 Minutes). There is no negative marking. The Syllabus for India Post Aptitude Test (Paper 1) is given below. Paper I – Aptitude Test Syllabus: Part ‘A’|25 Questions on General Knowledge – Questions on current events, sports, history, geography, basic economics, general polity, Indian constitution, science environment etc. – 25 Marks| Part ‘B’|25 Questions on Mathematics of matriculation standard which may cover number system, simplification, decimals, corrections, simple and compound interest, percentage, average, profit & loss, discount, menstruation, time & work and time & distance etc. – 25 Marks| Part ‘C’|25 Questions on English covering grammar (prepositions, adverbs, conjunction, direct/indirect speech, singular & plural, tenses, antonyms/synonyms etc. – 25 Marks| Part ‘D’|25 Questions on Reasoning and analytical Ability – 25 Marks| India Post Qualifying Marks: The minimum qualifying marks/...
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...Student Sample English 111-72 A K. Schlene June 10, 2013 How the Internet Helped My Writing The internet is a breeding ground for information and education. However, it’s also a breeding ground for people who “typ leik di!!!1” I used to be one of those people. However, over time I slowly learned the difference between “Their” and “They’re” and that it was easy to just add an apostrophe to “I dont know” instead of typing “I dunno“ or “idk.“ This sort of metamorphosis transitioned from “text speak” a form of typing where “Are you with Mom?” could be turned into “r u w/ mom” with no sort of punctuation or capitalization, all the way to generally accepted grammar and spelling. For quite some time, I wandered around the internet interjecting my 12 year old opinions in text speak. Which often resulted in them telling me to basically shut up. I didn’t catch on, so I kept doing it for quite some time. Eventually, my “text speak” evolved into “1337 (Pronounced like the “lite” in “Elite“) speak.” In which some letters are replaced with numbers in a word, and intentional typos were born. “owned” became “pwned.” But for the most part, it can be made into a sort of legible sentence. However, like with text speak, it lacks capitalization unless they left caps lock on. In mild cases, the sentence “That guy just got his butt kicked” would become “That guy just got pwned. N00b.” And in extreme cases, the sentence “Pineapples are good for you” would become “p|/\/34pp135 R GUD...
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...Memo To: Ms. Boyce, Chief Executive Officer From: Student, Personnel Management Consultant Subject: Karen Carlin Case Study: Issue Analysis and Proposed Solutions Date: 21 October 2010 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this memo is to analyze and propose solutions for the issues Karen Carlin faces as she takes on the supervisor role for the schedule typist department of Hepplewhite & Boyce. The three issues to be analyzed are (1) lack of productivity, (2) insubordination and abuse of company resources, and (3) staff mismanagement. First, the problems will be defined and probable causes discussed. Then, recommendations will be made to resolve these issues. DEFINITION OF PROBLEMS AND PROBABLE CAUSES The problems identified in this memo are ones Hepplewhite & Boyce can easily resolve with a few simple actions. Doing so will not only be good for the company but will be good for the employees as well. The end goals should be as follows: (1)Increased productivity within the schedule typist department. (2)An end to the insubordination and abuse of company resources. (3)Improved management of the schedule typist staff. The issues within the department will be explained in further detail next. Lack of productivity The first issue within the schedule typist department of Hepplewhite & Boyce is a lack of productivity on the part of two of the employees, Pat and Pauline. In order to do the least amount of work possible, Pat and Pauline are purposely not updating...
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...UNITS 1 & 2 TYPING LOG Enter your words per minute (wpm) for each typing practice. At the end of Lessons 5 and 10, respond to the prompt. Your response should be three to four sentences. You will submit this log in Lesson 10. Unit 1 Lesson 1 Typing Pretest 7 ____ wpm Typing Practice 9 ____ wpm Lesson Average 8 ____ Lesson Average 6.5 ____ Lesson Average 10 ____ Lesson Average 10.5 ____ Lesson Average 15.5 ____ Lesson 2 6 Typing Practice 1 ____ wpm 7 Typing Practice 2 ____ wpm Lesson 3 10 Typing Practice 1 ____ wpm 10 Typing Practice 2 ____ wpm Lesson 4 9 Typing Practice 1 ____ wpm 12 Typing Practice 2 ____ wpm Lesson 5 16 Typing Practice 1 ____ wpm 15 Typing Practice 2 ____ wpm Unit Average 10.1 ____ What have I learned about the layout of the QWERTY keyboard? The layout of the QWERTY keyboard makes it easy to learn how to type without looking. This is the most common type of keyboard if not the only type of keyboard layout. This consistency helps an individual learn how to type with ease and even without looking. The keys are not going to change, so it is just up to the person to memorize where each key is. The resting of the hands on the home row helps one visualize where the keys are without looking and hunting for each one. Computer Basics Typing Log © 2013 by FlipSwitch. All rights reser ved. Ver. 1.0 (11/2013)—Page 1 of 2 Unit 2 Lesson 6 13 Typing Practice 1 ____ wpm 16 Typing Practice 2 ____ wpm Lesson Average 14.5 ____ Lesson Average 11...
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...been of assistance in developing of DNA based methods that are used in determining blood group genotype. Inherited blood group antigens have been described on human red cells surface. They were revealed by detecting of antigen specific anti bodies, which are mostly found in human serum. Very few of these blood group antigens are actually polymorphic in the world. This means that they have alternate alleles at great levels that can be maintained by a mutation that has to be recurrent. A few of the polymorphic antigens stimulate antibodies of clinical significance. This one happens by causing transfusion reactions or...
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...Assignment: DNA Testing James Bunch CRJ311 Forensics Instructor Will Curcio April 9, 2012 This paper will compare and contrast the newest DNA-typing techniques and short tandem repeats (STRs) with previous DNA typing tests. It will detail how DNA is currently used in criminal investigations. Finally, what is the current impact of DNA testing on the criminal justice system and how has DNA revolutionized this system? In April of 1953 Dr’s Watson and Crick announced the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA. The scientific world has not been the same. Before the discovery of DNA the investigators could use blood to narrow the list of suspects. With the discovery of DNA we now have a blood “fingerprint”. Identical twins do not have identical finger prints and in some cases they do not have identical DNA (2008, Casselman). This can make the job of the investigator easier. DNA testing began with Dr. Alec Jeffery in 185 he discovered that certain places on the DNA molecule were repeated. He also found that these repeated sequences were unique to each individual. These repeated sequenced areas are known as VNTRs which is an acronym for variable number tandem repeats. The technique Jeffrey...
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