...“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate this point. – 1st century AD (43): Briton was invaded by the Roman Empire → found valuable metals → decided to settle down. – 4th century AD: invasion of a group of barbaric people over the Europe. The Romans had to return to Rome to protect their own country. – 5th century AD (410): Anglo–Saxon invasion – Germanic peoples: the Anglos, the Saxons. They were powerful. → They divided the country into 2 parts: + Anglo – Saxon area in England + Celtic area in Wales, Scotland and Ireland The Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of "Angle-land" or "England". – From the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the cruel Vikings threatened Britain's shores. – The next invaders were the Normans, from northern France in 1066. – Next few hundred years: a process of joining together the various parts of the British Isles under English rule. What are some general characteristics of Scotland? – The second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. – The most confident of its own identity. – The most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (the Highlands), and in the south (the Southern Uplands). – Scotland was not conquered by the Romans or the Anglo–Saxons. – Scotland began to experience Viking raids in the 9th century, and it was the...
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...Economic Freedom and Living Standards April 24, 2008 Research Paper Sweden, Ivory Coast, India, North Korea, Singapore, and Brazil April 24, 2008 Research Paper: Sweden, Ivory Coast, India, North Korea, Singapore, and Brazil A country with a free economy have a higher standard of living than countries with poor economies. The standard of living can be determined by the overall economic standing, policy or reforms, political, social, and cultural conditions that a country displays. These factors can be measured in different ways such as the GDP, population, history, and various sources. In this paper, I will examine the economic structure of six countries and emphasize factors that contribute to the standard of living. Sweden Sweden is the world's 27th freest economy. According to the 2008 Index of Economic Freedom (IEF), it has an economy that is 70.4% free. Services, industry, and agriculture account for 59.8%, 38%, and 2.8% of GDP (World Factbook). It relies heavily on international trade, accounting for more than 50% of GDP. Main exports include paper products, machinery and transport equipment, and chemicals. The population is 9 million with a GDP of about $308.9 billion. Citizens are provided with a broad spectrum of public services and social welfare benefits that guarantee a minimum living standard and all residents are covered by national health insurance (Soldenberg). It is known to have one of the highest living standards in the world. Factors...
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...The Generation In the preface, Joseph Ellis takes his time in explaining the importance of the American Revolution. He starts off by stating that during the 1780’s everyone thought that it was only natural that America verge away from British rule. They all figured that it would be a gradual change; not a full blown revolution. Throughout the chapter, Ellis puts great emphasis on the many things that could have gone wrong during the revolution. He points all these negative events and set backs that he felt could easily have brought the developing America down to show just how great of an accomplishment the revolution was. The Founding Fathers were not completely oblivious to the severity of breaking away from Great Britain. Tom Pain states that, “it is only common sense that an island can not rule a continent (pg.3).” Many assumed that it was only natural that the thirteen colonies govern themselves. They figured that it would be a peaceful break such as the gaining of independence for Ghana or Canada. It was not until later on that the colonies realized that Britain would not easily hand over the land. What I find interesting is that only the Founding Fathers seemed to realize the great events taking place during their time. John Adams even instructed his wife to file and keep all of his records. It is as if he knew that hundreds of years from then, we the future Americans would look back at his notes and recognize his greatness. This makes me wonder why they were so...
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...military and diplomatic clout pose no threat. The rest of the world, and particularly America, is not so sure, says Edward Carr Dec 2nd 2010 | from PRINT EDITION • • IN 492BC, at the end of the “Spring and Autumn” period in Chinese history, Goujian, the king of Yue in modern Zhejiang, was taken prisoner after a disastrous campaign against King Fuchai, his neighbour to the north. Goujian was put to work in the royal stables where he bore his captivity with such dignity that he gradually won Fuchai’s respect. After a few years Fuchai let him return home as his vassal. Goujian never forgot his humiliation. He slept on brushwood and hung a gall bladder in his room, licking it daily to feed his appetite for revenge. Yue appeared loyal, but its gifts of craftsmen and timber tempted Fuchai to build palaces and towers even though the extravagance ensnared him in debt. Goujian distracted him with Yue’s most beautiful women, bribed his officials and bought enough grain to empty his granaries. Meanwhile, as Fuchai’s kingdom declined, Yue grew rich and raised a new army. Goujian bided his time for eight long years. By 482BC, confident of his superiority, he set off north with almost 50,000 warriors. Over several campaigns they put Fuchai and his kingdom to the sword. The king who slept on brushwood and tasted gall is as familiar to Chinese as King Alfred and his cakes are to Britons, or George Washington and the cherry tree are to Americans. In the early 20th century he became a symbol of...
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...struggling to retain its monopoly control. In doing so, the state stifles the full potential role of cities to advance the world, to reduce the burden of world poverty. Liberating the cities is thus a key part of the agenda for the new century and for the eradication of poverty. NIGEL HARRIS I Introduction his paper seeks to present a view of the era of globalisation through highlighting particular changes which mark the break with the preceding period, the heyday of the nationstate. The exercise is undertaken in order to assess the resulting radical changes in the conception of spatial planning and thus the emergence of a new agenda for the management of cities. Following the introduction, the second part seeks to clarify what might be meant by ‘globalisation’, and the third, the main features of the management of the old order. The fourth concerns the transition from one to the other, and the fifth, the emerging new agenda. The penultimate part concerns the emergence of a city of services, and the paper concludes with a discussion of some of the issues concerned with the governance of the new order. T II What Is ‘Globalisation’? Over the past two decades, the term ‘globalisation’ has become...
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...International Relations Theory The new edition of International Relations Theory: A critical introduction introduces students to the main theories in international relations. It explains and analyzes each theory, allowing students to understand and critically engage with the myths and assumptions behind each theory. Key features of this textbook include: • discussion of all of the main theories: realism and (neo)realism, idealism and (neo)idealism, liberalism, constructivism, postmodernism, gender, and globalization two new chapters on the “clash of civilizations” and Hardt and Negri’s Empire innovative use of narratives from films that students will be familiar with: Lord of the Flies, Independence Day, Wag the Dog, Fatal Attraction, The Truman Show, East is East, and Memento an accessible and exciting writing style which is well-illustrated with boxed key concepts and guides to further reading. • • • This breakthrough textbook has been designed to unravel the complexities of international relations theory in a way that allows students a clearer idea of how the theories work and the myths that are associated with them. Cynthia Weber is Professor of International Studies at the University of Lancaster. She is the author of several books and numerous articles in the field of international relations. International Relations Theory A critical introduction Second edition Cynthia Weber First published 2001 by Routledge Second edition published 2005 by Routledge...
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...French Economy General Overview: The French economy is the fifth largest in the world and accounts for about a fifth of euro area GDP. France weathered the global crisis better than most advanced economies. This is explained by the economy being less open than e.g. Germany, a fairly solid financial sector, a large public sector and substantial fiscal stimulus. Exports amount to about 20% of GDP – about half of the euro area average – while government expenditures amount to about 55% of GDP. The government budget deficit as a share of GDP is higher than the euro area average and the debt-to-GDP ratio is only marginally below the euro area average. During the summer France announced austerity measures, aimed at ensuring fiscal sustainability. Significant reforms and privatizations have taken place in the past decades, but the government continues to own shares in corporations in a range of sectors. Key export markets are located in Europe, with Germany, Italy and Spain being the most important ones. About one third of all exports are going to economies outside Europe. The share of exports to Asia is small, but gradually increasing. Tourism is important (France is the most visited country in the world). France runs a current account deficit and has a large foreign debt. France is the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe. Nevertheless agriculture accounts for less than 4% of employment and 2% of GDP. The unemployment rate, which peaked in January 2010, is below the...
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...THE RELATIONSHIP OF OPEN HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM TO PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE DIVISION OF QUEZON A Dissertation Proposal Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course RSH 710 - Seminar in Dissertation Writing 2 By Mark Anthony R. Malonzo May 2015 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction The global education agendum is EDUCATION FOR ALL. In the Philippines, it has been a struggle from the time when formal education was first introduced. The 3 major concerns always revolve around the three issues of ACCESS, QUALITY AND EQUITY. Asking how these three are addressed by the Government is a never-ending endeavor for all the education service-providers and stakeholders. One of the major socio-economic and political milestones in the history of Philippine Educational System is the advent of ASEAN Integration 2015. As brought about by this Economic Integration, the enhancements that the educational system in the country has been undergoing, primarily aim to refine quality, improve access and maintain equity in education. Still, the major concerns that the education sector faces is the low participation rate and increasing dropout rate specifically in the secondary level of education. The data also support that there is 46,404 ES and 12,878 HS ratio...
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...‘Double Hegemony’? State and Class in American Foreign Economic Policymaking CHRISTOPH SCHERRER, UNIVERSITY OF KASSEL Published in: Amerikastudien 46 (2001, 4), 573-591. ABSTRACT The paper introduces research on transatlantic relations done by neo-Gramscian authors. This research is distinctive by focusing on class in international relations and by using the concept of hegemony in a relational sense. Hegemony is leadership through the active consent of other classes and groups. A central question of this neo-Gramscian research is whether an international class of capitalists has emerged. Some authors have answered in the positive. This paper, however, maintains that hegemony in the international realm is still exercised by the American state, though its foreign economic policies have been greatly influenced by internationally-oriented corporations and that these actors have increasingly found allies among economic elites in other countries. The paper explores the relationship between hegemony by the American state and by internationally-oriented capital groups against the backdrop of transatlantic relations in the post-war period and the current debate on labor rights in international trade agreements. 1. Introduction The United States government has been, without doubt, the decisive force in establishing and shaping the main multilateral institutions of the world market since the Second World War. It has consistently pursued the opening of other nations’ markets to gain...
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...Licensed to: CengageBrain User Licensed to: CengageBrain User This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User Criminal Justice in Action, 7th Edition Larry K. Gaines and Roger LeRoy Miller © 2013 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not...
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...Part Three Answers to End-of-Chapter Problems Chapter 1 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. THE INTEREST RATE ON THREE-MONTH TREASURY BILLS FLUCTUATES MORE THAN THE OTHER INTEREST RATES AND IS LOWER ON AVERAGE. THE INTEREST RATE ON BAA CORPORATE BONDS IS HIGHER ON AVERAGE THAN THE OTHER INTEREST RATES. 2. The lower price for a firm’s shares means that it can raise a smaller amount of funds, so investment in facilities and equipment will fall. 3. Higher stock prices mean that consumers’ wealth is higher, and they will be more likely to increase their spending. 4. They channel funds from people who do not have a productive use for them to people who do, thereby resulting in higher economic efficiency. 5. The United States economy was hit by the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Defaults in subprime residential mortgages led to major losses in financial institutions, producing not only numerous bank failures, but also the demise of two of the largest investment banks in the United States. These factors led to the “Great Recession” which began late in 2007. 6. The basic activity of banks is to accept deposits and make loans. 7. Savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, credit unions, insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, and finance companies. 8. Answers will vary. 9. In the period from 2007 to 2011, both inflation and interest rates have generally trended downward compared to before...
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...PART THREE Answers to End-of-Chapter Problems Copyright © 2013 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. The interest rate on three-month Treasury bills fluctuates more than the other interest rates and is lower on average. The interest rate on Baa corporate bonds is higher on average than the other interest rates. 2. The lower price for a firm’s shares means that it can raise a smaller amount of funds, so investment in facilities and equipment will fall. 3. Higher stock prices mean that consumers’ wealth is higher, and they will be more likely to increase their spending. 4. They channel funds from people who do not have a productive use for them to people who do, thereby resulting in higher economic efficiency. 5. The United States economy was hit by the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Defaults in subprime residential mortgages led to major losses in financial institutions, producing not only numerous bank failures, but also the demise of two of the largest investment banks in the United States. These factors led to the “Great Recession” which began late in 2007. 6. The basic activity of banks is to accept deposits and make loans. 7. Savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, credit unions, insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, and finance companies. 8. Answers will vary. 9. In the period from 2007 to 2011, both inflation and interest rates have generally trended downward compared to before that...
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...Unit I Foreign Policy What is Foreign Policy? Foreign policy has many exegesis as there are internationalist who attempt to define this most intriguing subject of international relations. Initially, it has been define as a “ statement of national goals limited both absolutely and relatively by national power”. The Foreign Service Institute of the Philippines prefers to allude to it as “ set of guidelines articulated by the government to a country in order to promote its national interest through the conduct of its relations with other countries” The Foreign Service Institute of the Philippines has likewise quoted a dictum ascribed to President Ferdinand E. Marcos that: The foreign policy of a nation is the articulation of its fondest needs and aspiration, and in international affairs, it is its sole weapon for the promotion of national interest. Foreign Policy is a “part of the general program of government. It is furthermore an extension of its domestic policy”. The term “system” when used in the context of an organization, implies an entity composed of a set of parts and created to accomplish certain, objectives. The aim of the system is the coordination of human efforts and material resources to produce desired results in a dynamic organization. An organization, as social system, has certain inherent characteristics: 1) it has subsystem and, is part of a suprasystem in continual interaction with one another 2) It has define objectives...
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...derivatives. The rationale for allowing this unregulated, parallel system was that it helped to create innovation and provide liquidity. The conventional wisdom was that any risks associated with a hands-off approach could be managed by the ―invisible hand‖3 of the market. In other words, instead of public police, it relied upon private gatekeepers. A legal framework including legislation, rules and court decisions supported this system. This legal structure depended upon corporate managers, counterparties, ―sophisticated investors‖ and the market generally to prevent irrational conduct. 4 The hands-off approach was premised upon a series of beliefs or expectations. The first was that corporate managers would not sacrifice long-term shareholder value for short-term gains. The second was that trading counterparties would monitor each other closely and discourage excessive risk. The third was that ―sophisticated investors‖ had the...
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...1 INTRODUCTION Nigeria as a nation is a democratic country with over 170 million people. With a presidential system of government. It comprises of 36 states and 777 local government area. The connection between Nigeria and China dates as far back to 1971. At the same time when penning this thesis the president of Nigeria is in china to expand this relation. The Chinese Ambassador in Nigeria, once said sometime last year that China and Nigeria have longstanding relations that dates back as far as 45 years. Nigeria is China second biggest trade partner in engineering in Africa. It supposed that by the end of next year our relations of trade will be as high as $13 billion China is still to build a world renowned company like General Electric and Apple. The impression most of the foreign countries have of china is that their business men and entrepreneurs are out to gather wealth, rather than for business strategy, innovation and style of administration. But yet china has one of the most effective business management approach in the 21st century. The Chinese administration cannot be like the Japanese six sigma or invent new management technique, but offers more skills of business management than companies more occidental could offer. The Chinese businesses offer administration's common imperatives: responsiveness, improvisation and flexibility. These competencies supplies them a critical facet. The Chinese Companies have discovered to handle differently over the past 30...
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