...U0776448 Giving up smoking for health Introduction: Many people die from smoking in the world each year. According to the survey, “Cigarette smoking increases the risk for several types of cancer, including cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, lip, pancreas, lung, uterine cervix, larynx, kidney and urinary bladder”. (Hays, R. D., Smith, A., Reeve, B. B., Spritzer, K. L., Marcus, S. E., & Clauser, S. B. 2008)). Most of these people died because of lung cancer. A lot of people still smoke even though it is widely known that smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. Some smoker also get heart disease due to smoking. In addition, cigarette smoking causes mental health problems, such as depression, manic, obsession and so on. Some smoker get a depression due to cigarette smoking. Because cigarette smoking is bad for people’s physical health and mental health, smoking cessation becomes an unavoidable issue. Giving up smoking brings many benefits to people’s health – it is better for physical and mental health. As a smoker, there are many physical and mental health problems. Body paragraph: “To put it midly, smoking is a major public health problem. It is also a personal health problem affecting nearly all of us in some way.” (Sloan, F. A., Smith, V., & Taylor, D. H. 2003. Preface vii) As to whether it is worthwhile giving up smoking, there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural...
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...Unit 8 Assignment 1: Mutations and Cancer GE150 Date Due: May 17,2016 Elaine Leppert Lung Cancer Lung cancer, the most common killer cancer in the world, is largely caused by smoking. New results suggest that amongst smokers, some people may be as much as 80% more at risk than others because of their genes. By scanning the entire genomes of lung-cancer patients and healthy controls, research teams identified a region on chromosome 15 that seems to influence the likelihood of developing cancer. People possessing a certain set of mutations at this genetic location are more likely than others to have the disease. Research suggests about 50% of the general population carries a single copy of this cancer gene variant, while another 10% of the population is likely to carry two copies of this set of mutations, raising cancer risk by as much as 80% relative to people with equivalent lifestyles without the cancer-linked gene variant (Hopkin,2016). The most relevant genes in lung cancer include the following: EGFR, KRAS, MET, LKB1, BRAF, PIK3CA, ALK, RET, and ROS1 (El-Telbany & Ma,2012). Lung Cancer and the effects of smoking A typical smoker who refuses or fails to give up has a roughly 15% risk of lung cancer over their lifetime, but with two copies of the genetic variant, this rises to 23%. Researchers disagree over whether non-smokers who possess the genetic risk factor...
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...2011 What I Already Know “You don't have to be a smoker for smoking to harm you.” This was my first introduction to secondhand smoking when my teacher in high school told me once about the topic. As I was listening, I was astonished when I heard the health problems I will get from breathing in other people's smoke. It is said that non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke take in nicotine and other toxic chemicals just like smokers do. It’s surprisingly unbelievable, that the health risks I would get from secondhand smoke are the same with the actual smokers. Some say it’s even harmful for the secondhand smokers than the actual ones. Smokers are everywhere. Indeed, I have friends who smoke. Everytime I'm with them, I want to tell them to stop smoking since I know it's not only their health that are being put at risk. They told me it's hard to stop smoking once you've started doing it. I'm bit curious about their answers. Is it that hard? I wonder if they care about the people around them who's affected by their wrongdoings. And as a non smoker, I’ve been exposed to other people’s cigarette smoke at many times. I feel a little of anger to smokers because I can still remember the words of my teacher. Knowing that my health is at risk just because of other people wrongdoings is alarming. As I want myself to stop them to smoke, I just can’t. It’s ironic how I seem to be ashamed to ask smokers to stop smoking in front of me, when in fact it is my health that is being...
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...Keep simple and polite! Good morning teachers and friends, I, Ahmad Khairi Hafiz as the President of the Environment Club would like to talk about”How to Protect the Environment” First of all, each one of us can start by not littering. We should throw our rubbish into the rubbish bin instead of anywhere we like. Once I went strolling at a park nearby my house but was dissapointed at the sight of rubbish.I saw many empty cans and plastic wrappers lying around.They do not only spoil the beautiful park but they are the best breeding place for aedes mosquitoes. Another way of protecting our environment is by keeping our rivers clean. We can play our role by not throwing rubbish into the rivers. Meanwhile the factories can stop dumping their toxic waste into them. Plastic wrappers which made up 80 percent of the rubbish can endanger the fish and other aquatic lives while toxic waste can kill them. We, human will consequently suffer as we rely on the rivers for food and water. Moreover, farmers should avoid open burning in their farming practice because it polutes the air.Open burning can lead to haze which contains poisonous gases such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. These gases can cause many serious diseases. Children who breathe the polluted air may suffer from asthma and some people may even suffer from rashes and eye-diseases. Finally, we can practice the 3R; Reuse, Reduce and Recycle. Every household should aim at reducing the amount of rubbish thrown.To...
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...these instructions: • Login to the student website. • Click on the Programs tab at the top of the page, and then on Life Resource Center under Services. • From the LRC home page, click on Thriving. • Click on Health Tools. • Click on Assess Your Health. • Click on the Health Risks tab. Note. Do not submit or divulge your assessment results. Results should remain private. Lung cancer is a serious form of cancer that forms in one of the most important organs in the body: the lungs. There are two main forms of lung cancer; they are classified as non-small cell and small cell. Non-small cell lung cancer is a term for all lung cancers that are not small cell. Lung cancer is by far, one of the most common forms of cancer. The reason that Lung cancer is found to be one of the most common forms of cancer is because the lungs are exposed to everything we inhale on a daily basis more than any other of the other organs found in our body. In many cases of lung cancer, the environment is the cause of...
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...Smoking Cigarettes DRUGS & SOCIETY FINAL PROJECT Introduction Tobacco use remains a global epidemic with the US being among the affected nations. A century ago, smoking cigarettes was not prime cause of ailment or death in America, and lung cancer instigated by cigarette smoking was fiction in the past 100 years. It is now among the principal cause of deaths in the US. Statistics shows that smoking is responsible for approximately 443,000 deaths in America and with about 50,000 being secondary smokers. About 45 million Americans are smokers, an estimated 3,800 youths are introduced to tobacco use daily. America spends about $96 billion in smoking-related ailments and $97 billion on productivity, which shows tragic impact to the economy. Smoking is addictive, and its effects is not limited to individual, but to finances and further poses a challenge to the state. Accordingly, there is a need for people to work towards quitting smoking. This paper discusses the effects of tobacco use, the available methods for regulating tobacco, and other new methods that addicts can use to quit cigarette smoking. How Smoking Becomes Addicting and its Effects on Human Health Cigarette smoke contains a concoction of about 400 chemicals. Most of the chemicals lack profound research by experts. The more these chemicals are understood, the more it will become easier to control tobacco use and its effects. Nicotine is among tobacco chemicals that is...
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...Morbidity: Lung Cancer HSA535 Managerial Epidemiology 01/29/2012 Compose an analysis of lung cancer of lung cancer as compared to other leading causes of death in your state. Include the mortality rates and the costs of lung cancer(for the most recent year reported) in your analysis. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung. Normal lung tissue is made up of cells that are programmed by genes to create lung tissue in a certain shape and to perform certain functions. Lung cancer develops when the genetic material responsible for production of lung cells is damaged (genetic mutations). Repeated exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke may cause damage in lung cells. While tobacco, is the leading cause of lung cancer, some other carcinogens linked to lung cancer include radon and asbestos. These mutations in the genetic material of the lung cells cause the instructions for those cells to go askew. Consequently, those cells and their offspring reproduce wildly, without regard for the normal shape and function of a lung. That wild reproduction causes the formation of tumors that block air passages in the lung and make it stop functioning as it should. Lung cancer is usually divided into two major types. The first type is small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The second type is non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC. Sometimes a lung cancer may have characteristics of both types. This is called mixed small cell/large cell carcinoma. About 20% of all lung cancers...
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...intended to give the readers an idea of the factors that trigger cigarette smoking amongst young generation of today, effects of cigarette, like cancer, heart disease, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. By reading this paper, a person can gain knowledge about the effects of smoking cigarette. So when a person reads this especially those who smoke, he or she may quit or lessen smoking because he or she will know the bad effects of cigarette smoking. It is considered that cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, leading to an annual five million deaths around the globe. It is estimated that if current smoking patterns carry on, the annual death toll could rise to more than eight million by 2030. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for many cancers and respiratory diseases. The heavier the usage of an individual and the longer he smokes, the higher the risks for smoking-related illnesses. Cigarette smoking involves inhaling smoke into the lungs. A cigarette contains more than 4000 poisonous chemicals such as nicotine, arsenic, methane, ammonia, cadmium, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, butane, and hydrogen cyanide. Inhaled cigarette smoke can damage the lungs' cilia, tiny hair-like structures that sweep away debris from the lungs. With the cilia paralyzed by smoking, particles such as dirt and toxins can settle in the lung sacks and form tar. These toxins can then move from the lungs via the bloodstream to other parts of the body. According to the Global Adult...
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...Cigarette smoking There is a major concern about banning cigarette smokers in the U.S. the mortality among both males and females smokers in the USA is more than three times higher than that among non-smokers. I agree that smoking should be prevented because it leads to many types of cancer and heart disease; secondly health affects exposure of secondhand smoke, thirdly it affects the health of the youth smoking tobacco, and fourthly the cost of treatment associated with cigarette smoking (healthcare). Cigarette smoking increases the risk of dying from cancer of the lungs, esophagus, larynx and oral cavity (as we studied in biology). The harmful effect of cigarettes is the chemical makeup of cigarette. According to Quitsmokingsupport.com Cigarettes contain over 4,000 chemicals , some of those chemicals are the heavy metals, humectants, casting agents ,pesticide, insecticides and nicotine which is an addictive substance added into a cigarette; that is why it is very hard for smokers to stop smoking right away . A friend’s mother who smoked up to 3 packs of cigarette per day for more than 25 years. She looked healthy and often cited that cigarette kills those who were already predisposed to suffer from those diseases. Years later she died, suffered from ventricular arrhythmia which means heart did not beat properly as a result it pumped little or no blood to the body organs; usually caused by nicotine in cigarette. According to Medical News Today (MNT), cigarette smoking harms...
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...The Effects of Smoking Smoking is one of the most common vices that some people have. For smokers, it has already become a part of their daily routine. In fact, the number of smokers has been dramatically increasing every year. In this essay, I will be discussing more about smoking with the hope of convincing smokers to consider quitting smoking. According to a news by the Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations (FAO), the number of smokers has increased from 1.1 billion to 1.3 billion worldwide which is equivalent to an increase of about 1.5% annually. If we are to count the tons of tobacco sold annually, it would reach about 7.1 million (“Higher world,” 2004). Given that fact, it is very disturbing and disappointing to know that this bad habit is slowly spreading to almost seven billion people worldwide like an epidemic. However, let us try considering some of the reasons why they smoke. Seeing their older relatives or their parents smoke makes them consider starting smoking as well. As a result, most teenagers think that smoking makes them look matured. Another reason why they smoke is peer pressure. If one’s group of friends is a group of smokers, there is a high possibility that he will also be influenced by them for the sake of fitting in. Minors also tend to be excited to try something new such as smoking. Some also consider smoking as their way of relieving from their personal problems; it is where they pour out all their stress. Lastly, they use...
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...conducted amongst ______ students to get their insights on smoking and also their personal experiences with it. We divided the questionnaire for smokers and non-smokers. We managed to get a total of 50 participants in which 60% were non-smokers and 40% were smokers. The questions regarding smoking facts were answered by both sides. Both smokers and non-smokers seem to have just a slight understanding on what smoking really does to the body and to those around them. Based on the findings, we recommend that students be exposed to the real dangers of smoking. We suggest exhibitions, competitions, talks or maybe even a health class. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS-----------------------------------------------------vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY-------------------------------------------------------vii I. INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------1 Background Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Scope II. RELATED LITERATURE-------------------------------------------- III. PROCEDURES--------------------------------------------------------- IV. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS---------------------------------------- V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS----------------- REFERENCES LIST------------------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX—SURVEY INSTRUMENT------------------------------------ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TABLES 1. EFFECTS THAT ARE CAUSED BY SMOKING------------------------------- ...
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...Smoking: The truth is written on the box COM/156 Smoking: The truth is written on the box How many of you have ever looked at the outside of a pack of cigarettes? You probably noticed there is a surgeon’s warning written on it stating that smoking is a hazard risk. A written statement that smoking is harmful, yet you see people huddled up outside work smoking or out on the drive with cigarette smoke coming out their car windows. Would it be a surprise that secondhand smoke is now a cause for cancer as the direct smoking? Smoking is the number one health hazard in our country. The one thing that I have learned and will explain is that there really is no gain to smoking and quite a few losses. People start smoking cigarettes as an escape from problems or stresses and some people choose to start because of peer pressure or the false image of looking cool. No matter the reason you start smoking effects everyone in some form whether it be by increasing health risks in the smokers as well as people around such as other adults and children, the cost of smoking steadily increases, and there are organizations and plans out to help smokers quit. People have different reasons they choose to start smoking but if they put the reasons next to the after effects that smoking can cause they will see that the effects outweigh the causes. Looking at them makeup of a cigarette explains how these risks are increased in those who smoke. Cigarettes contain additive called...
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...components of "acid rain" and it helps keep sunlight out of the atmosphere, which causes the Earth to cool” (Sulfur, 2013). Sulfur dioxide emission contributes to global warming. The acidity of a substances dissolved in water is commonly measured in terms of pH. When this sulphuric acid is absorbed into moisture in the air, poignant rainfalls can be damaging to the external environment. Natural sources, which emit sulfur dioxide, are volcanoes, sea spray, rotting vegetation and plankton. Acid rain is destroying the world’s lakes, air and ecosystem. Acid rain affects every single aspect of the ecosystem. Acid rain is devastating to aquatic life, crops and forests, and human life. People exposed to sulfur dioxide in the air often have reduced lung function. The growth of forestlands also shows the effects of acid rain. Acidic rain damages trees (Godbold & Huttermann, 1994). Many trees show the disease slowly, but when disease and virus attacks they succumb to the disease because of their weak conditions. Young plants with developing root systems are readily damaged by acidic rainfall when pollutants enter the soil and are absorbed by the plants (Which, 2012). When acid rain occurs, it doesn't immediately affect acidity in lakes and streams. Lakes are greatly affected by contaminated precipitation. Acid depositions can have a negative...
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...Practice – Smoking This essay aims to describe the epidemiology of smoking. The essay is going to notify the nurse’s role into promoting public health. I choose the topic of smoking due to the realisation of how many patients were smokers on the day surgery ward, which my placement was held. Today, tobacco consumption is recognised as the UK’s single greatest cause of preventable illness and early death with more than 114,000 people dying each year from smoking-related diseases including cancers (Canceresearchuk.org). Smoking also causes a substantial amount of cost to the NHS (National Health Service) every year. Rather than on health on an individual, public health focuses on health and disease in populations or communities as a whole (Ewles, Simnett 2003). Although there has been a decline of smoking, which could be due to a number of things, for example the smoking ban placed in the United Kingdom, smoking still sets high figures of deaths around the world. Around 90% of lung cancer cases are caused by tobacco smoking and, in addition, the 2002 IARC Working Group stated that tobacco smoking can also cause cancers of sites such as the stomach, pancreas, liver, lower urinary tract etc, (Cancerresearchuk.org). Smoking also costs the NHS £1.4 - £1.7 billion per year, (DOH, 2005). This in hand affects the role of the nurse, as smoking must always be evaluated when nursing a patient. The nurse’s role should help the patient venture into ways of learning to quit smoking and the...
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...fast food, unable to afford healthy foods, lack of physical activity, and do not have health insurance. This group is considered to be a subgroup of the population that are at higher risk for multiple health problems due to environmental hazards (e.g., lead exposure from lead-based paint from peeling walls, melamine added to milk supplies), social hazards (e.g. crime, violence), personal behavior, (e.g.,...
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