...SLAVERY (DOMESTIC WORKERS AND BONDED LABOUR) IN NIGERIA AND THE UNITED STATES. WRITTEN BY: 2121745 DATE: 26TH APRIL 2014 WORD COUNT: 2,770 WORDS As estimated by the International Labour organization (ILO), there are over 20.9 million people in this 21st century that are still enslaved. Another source states that there are 29.8 million people who are still held in modern day slavery. When the word “slavery” is mentioned, the idea that comes to mind is when people are taken from India, Africa and other third world countries, to the West Indies or America, for the purpose of them to work in sugar cane plantation. Although that kind of slavery was abolished in the 19th century, men, women and children are still slaves, thus, the birth of modern slavery. “Slavery is the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised”. Slavery is so much graver than forced labour, Slavery involves forced labour, but not every forced labour involves slavery. Despite being prohibited by so many International instruments, which includes the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1956 UN Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery and the 1926 UN Slavery Convention, Contemporary slavery still takes place in various forms, affecting all gender, races and color. Modern slavery has been in many forms, ranging from domestic servitude...
Words: 3228 - Pages: 13
...Rough Draft: Human Trafficking and its Relationship throughout these United States A serious crime that virtually affects every country in the world is human trafficking. Human trafficking is a multi-national criminal business that’s roots are tied into “trans-criminal organizations, small criminal networks and local gangs, violations of labor and immigration codes, and government corruption” (Richard, 1999; U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006.). Typically human trafficking has been defined as trading women and children for prostitution. As of late, trafficking has grown to include other types of force, fraud, or coercion, beyond sexual exploitation (USDHHS, pg. 3). The United States Congress has defined human trafficking into two categories, sex trafficking and labor trafficking. Human trafficking has grown since it first gained entrance into the political spotlight in 1996. Of the two, sex trafficking is the most talked about in America. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) defines sex trafficking as, “[the] recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act in which [the act] is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person forced to perform such an act is younger than 18” (USDHHS, pg. 3). A commercial sex act refers to a sexual act committed in order to receive a valuable typically intrinsic in nature. The types of sex trafficking include prostitution, pornography,...
Words: 1231 - Pages: 5
...the Atlantic slave trade. This trade was driven by strong demand for workers to work on farms in the Americas. In the end, human trafficking became an important part of an international trading system in which Europeans and North Americans exchanged goods for human straight the West and West Central Atlantic coasts of Africa. In 1502, the first African slaves were traded in the New World. In the 1600s, African workers began to use in the British Caribbean in the production of sugar. In 1794, France began to liberate all slaves in its colonies, and the United States Congress passed legislation prohibiting the manufacture or processing of any vessel used in the slave trade. In the 1950s, the United States imposed strict sanctions on its citizens who serve on slave trade ships. But Denmark was the first to ban the slave trade in 1803. Followed by Britain, the main slave trade country, in 1807, while in the same year the United States passed legislation banning slave trade, which came into force the following year. In 1836 Portugal banned the slave trade. In the 1860s the Atlantic slave trade was abolished, wherein 1867 was the last transatlantic slave trade. Mauritania was the last country to deny slavery. It was annulled in 1981, but Mauritania did not criminalize it until 2007. (1) The styles of human trafficking With the development of contemporary slavery systems, new styles have emerged, including trafficking in women and children, forced child labour and forced marriage. Nowadays...
Words: 1811 - Pages: 8
...Human Trafficking Scope of the problem and social issues macro practice perspective Human Trafficking The United States defines human trafficking as follows, “All acts involved in the transport, harboring, or sale of persons within national or across international borders through coercion, force, kidnapping, deception or fraud, for purposes of placing persons in situations of forced labor ,forced prostitution, domestic servitude, debt bondage or other slavery like conditions” (Department of State, 2009). The common denominator is the use of force, fraud, or coercion to exploit a person for profit. The U.S. estimates that there are around 800,000 people trafficked across national borders annually. The International Labor Organization estimates that at any one time in the world, 12.3 million people are held in modern day slavery of forced labor, bonded labor, forced child labor and sexual servitude (Department of State, 2009). Human trafficking is a social problem that requires a complex solution. When we talk about human trafficking, we also mean the spread of poverty, segregation in the labor-market, etc. In the United States most of us cannot imagine selling our children for money this is what is happening in other countries. Women are being kidnapped and forced to work as prostitutes or slaves; even worse female children who should be playing with their dolls are being forced to into prostitution. The people’s human rights are being violated however there is little the...
Words: 251 - Pages: 2
...Until recently, in the US, the thought of Human Sex Trafficking never occurred to Americans. Human sex trafficking is an illegal activity. This involves selling, buying and trading of people. They are transported away from their families and communities and are forced to work against their own will. People are trafficked both between countries and within the borders of a state. It is also known as modern slavery and a form of sexual exploitation; where women’s, girls and children’s are forced to enter in the world of prostitution. People do this to make money, for some people it’s a business a way to make profit. 27 million people all over the world are currently being forced into human sex trafficking, 1 million children will be exploited by the commercial sex trade each year (Buzzle). The purpose of this paper is to inform the audience about the crime of human sex trafficking. What is the background on human sex trafficking? What is the current situation in India with human sex trafficking? What will happen in the future with the issues of human sex trafficking? Human Trafficking is defined in the Trafficking Protocol as "the recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation." Human sex trafficking is the modern equivalent of slavery. It’s an incredibly profitably crime, bringing quick, high profits...
Words: 1484 - Pages: 6
...with a degree from Stillman College she decided to devote her life to caring for Kinsley, Chynna, Peter, III, and me. Watching the selfless service and sacrifices of my parents has motivated me to strive for excellence, servitude, and discipline. Growing up in Birmingham, Alabama has gifted me in many ways. A few of the gifts have been in education, southern hospitality, and cultural awareness. My primary education started at Inverness Elementary School. Not only was I able to learn, mingle with others, but once a week I was able to buy my favorite slush. I attended Inverness from Kindergarten through Fourth grade. Leaving Inverness Elementary prepared me for Berry Middle School, or so I thought. I remember the first day like it was yesterday. It was a massive campus and very overwhelming in...
Words: 711 - Pages: 3
...INDONESIAN; USE A CAPITAL PUNISHMENT FOR ANTI TRAFFICKING CRIME CHAPTER I-INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Indonesia is a source, transit, and destination country for women, children, and men trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. The greatest threat of trafficking facing Indonesian men and women is that posed by conditions of forced labor and debt bondage in more developed Asian countries and the Middle East. The government stopped permitting Indonesian women to travel to Japan and South Korea as “cultural performers,” to curtail a practice that led to victims being trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation. However, in 2007 traffickers increasingly used false documents, including passports, to obtain tourist visas for women and girls who are subsequently forced into prostitution in Japan, through the unlawful exploitation of recruitment debts as high as $20,000 each. Trafficking of young girls to Taiwan as brides, mainly from West Kalimantan, persisted. Traffickers use false marriage licenses and other false documentation in order to obtain visas and subsequently force the women and girls into prostitution. Women from the People’s Republic of China, Thailand, and Eastern Europe are trafficked to Indonesia for commercial sexual exploitation, although the numbers are small compared with the number of Indonesians trafficked for this purpose. The Government of Indonesia does not fully comply with the...
Words: 1619 - Pages: 7
...or services, and slavery or practices similar to slavery (2013). Countries all over the world are affected by human trafficking (UN). Trafficking often occurs from less developed countries to more developed countries (UN). According to the Association of Flight Attendants, 12.3 million adults and children are exploited around the world, 56% are women and girls (2013). The International Labor Organization estimated that in 2005, 980,000 to 1,225 million boys and girls were forced into labor situation. As mentioned in Baumgardner work, human trafficking is expected to be the number one crime in America in 2012. Human trafficking is a 40 billion dollars a year industry. More than 100,000 children in the United States are forced to engage in prostitution each year. The United States is the number one destination for sex tourism (2012). In the undeveloped countries, lack of money and employment are the main causes for human trafficking. Women are the first to be urged to leave their home country and move to a wealthier country where good chances of labor are available. Kinds of jobs that they can find include a waitress in a restaurant, a dancer in a bar or a care giver...
Words: 1472 - Pages: 6
...security in the Horn of Africa. Trafficking takes place by criminal means through the threat or use of force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of positions of power or abuse of positions of vulnerability. Further, it relates to all stages of the trafficking process: recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of person. An agreed definition of human trafficking exists under Article 3 of the “Palermo Protocol” on trafficking in persons which went into effect on 25 December 2003. This internationally agreed definition focuses on exploitation of human beings – be it for sexual exploitation, other forms of forced labor, slavery, servitude, or for the removal of human organs. Trafficking is not just a transnational crime across international borders; the definition applies to internal domestic trafficking of human beings. In the Horn of Africa (HOA), both cross border and internal trafficking of women and children is prevalent. For example, in Ethiopia, children are being trafficked into armed conflict where it is reported that over 20,000 of them have been victims. Almost all of the countries in the region have been identified as sources, transit points or destination for women and children trafficked within and across these countries or to other regions such as Europe, the Middle East and Southern Africa. Human trafficking, often described as ‘modern day slavery,’ poses serious threats to global order and human security. It is a violation...
Words: 7776 - Pages: 32
...threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, or fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation." The definition on trafficking consists of three core elements: 1) The action of trafficking which means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons. 2) The means of trafficking which includes threat of or use of force, deception, coercion, abuse of power or position of vulnerability. 3) The purpose of trafficking which is always exploitation. In the words of the Trafficking Protocol, article 3 "exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. It is the modern day slave trade – the process of enslaving a person. (Free the Slaves). Exploitation of another human being is the...
Words: 1064 - Pages: 5
...Human Trafficking and the United States NICOLE SINGLETON-BROOKS Kaplan Ethics and the Professional LS501 Prof. J Gray October 8, 2013 Human Trafficking and the United States Abstract Human trafficking in the United States seems to be overlooked and not taken very seriously. If you turn on the TV on Wednesday nights at 10 pm EST and you will see that the creators of Law & Order have a whole hour dedicated to sex crimes. Most of the victims are showed to be trafficked in some way or the other. Human trafficking in the US is at an all-time high. This paper will gives details as to why more can and should be done to combat human trafficking in the United States. Kidnapping, sex slaves, work servitude, sex trade, all of these words have something in common: human trafficking. Contrary to what was widely believed, this doesn’t just happen in other countries. Cases of human trafficking have been reported in all 50 states of the US. For a long while human trafficking was something that we in the US looked down upon other countries for, not paying attention to the fact that it was happening in our own back yards. The one thing that America has tried to push into the back of everyone’s mind, as if it didn’t happen here, is now in the forefront of everyone’s mind. Human trafficking is the big pink elephant in the room that no one seems to want to address. The victims could be walking around us every day. That woman that you may see walking the street with barely nothing on in passing...
Words: 1916 - Pages: 8
...man mauls the woman’s breasts and shoves her down to steal the innocence many others have taken in the past. He is then replaced by another, returning to his friends, each regretting nothing. These despicable men are well aware that this woman is being trafficked, yet none bat an eye. No one cares to hear stories of a hopeful girl promised a favorable career, but tricked into sexual servitude instead. Or perhaps of a woman threatened by her pimp everyday to continue exploiting herself. Even those of a young female sold into this life are dismissed. Human trafficking, though worse in Cambodia, is still deeply embedded in every country’s economic, social, and illegal lifestyle. Although some see it as an everyday norm that is chosen, it is in fact, the complicated factors of the situation itself that either imposes young women and children to commit these acts of desperation, or forcibly exploit them to it. The act of smuggling people...
Words: 1285 - Pages: 6
...labor and forced prostitution. A significant share of Bangladesh’s trafficking victims are men recruited for work overseas with fraudulent employment offers who are subsequently exploited under conditions of forced labor or debt bondage. Children – both boys and girls – are trafficked within Bangladesh for commercial sexual exploitation, bonded labor, and forced labor. Some children are sold into bondage by their parents, while others are induced into labor or commercial sexual exploitation through fraud and physical coercion. Women and children from Bangladesh are also trafficked to India for commercial sexual exploitation.Human Trafficking In Bangladesh Bangladeshi men and women migrate willingly to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Iraq, Lebanon, Malaysia, Liberia, and other countries for work, often under legal and contractual terms. Most Bangladeshis who seek overseas employment through legal channels rely on the 724 recruiting agencies belonging to the Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (BAIRA). These agencies are legally permitted to charge workers up to $1,235 and place workers in low-skilled jobs typically paying between $100 and $150 per month. According to NGOs, however, many workers are charged upwards of $6,000 for these services. A recent Amnesty International report on Malaysia indicated Bangladeshis spend more than three times the amount of recruitment fees paid by other migrant workers recruited for...
Words: 3992 - Pages: 16
...Research Paper Kaleb Argentieri Mrs. Detoma 5/8/18 Research Paper Many people believe that slavery in the United States was abolished in the early 1900’s with the 13th Constitutional Amendment and no longer occurs today. Slavery occurs today and it shocks most people in many ways. Modern day slavery is extremely prevalent in the United States especially in Florida and most likely occurring close to your homes and neighborhoods. There are various types of modern day slavery. Modern day slavery consists of human trafficking, forced labor, and domestic servitude. Human trafficking is the action or practice of illegally transporting people from one country or area to another, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation....
Words: 1160 - Pages: 5
...referred to as "modern-day slavery" is the illegal trade of human beings in return for labor or for exploitation (Sex Trafficking in the U.S., 2013). “Trafficking in persons” means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of other or other forms of sexual exploitation, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.” [ (Human Trafficking Full Definition, 2012) ]. A. Definition “trafficking in persons” B. Women and children succeptible C. Health related problems D. Statistics/Government I. Government Acts A. Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) B. Mann Act of 1910 C. Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000 (CAFRA) D. PROTECT Act of 2003 (Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to End the Exploitation of Children Today) E. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 F. The Customs and Facilitations and Trade Enforcement Reauthorization Act of 2009 G. Tariff Act of 1930 II. Types of Trafficking A. Internet...
Words: 2434 - Pages: 10
