...of them and mold them into any given occupation regardless of genetics, race, talents and/or abilities.”(Jenson, 2014) Watson felt that conditioning was a crucial part of behaviorism, as it was an extension of Pavlov’s discovery and his studies of stimulus-response reflexive relationships. In this paper the founding of behaviorism, the main components of the behaviorism theory, a brief description of 3 behaviorist experiments, and how behaviorism develops new behaviors will be discussed. Behaviorism and its effect on the learning process The founder of behaviorism is credited to John B. Watson. According to Watson, behavior was a subject matter in its own right, to be studied by the observational methods common to all sciences. This field of study and learning was founded in 1912, and it was formed as a reaction to the current focus on psychology at the time. In order to form this theory, John Watson studied the research of Ivan Pavlov. Watson felt that “psychology must have an empirical, objective subject matter and that the events to be investigated as possible causes of behavior must also be described objectively and verified empirically through experimental research (Jensen, 2014).” This latter point meant that introspection would have to be abandoned, for it was unscientific. Watson presented the goals of psychology as the prediction and control of behavior rather than as the...
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...This paper will consist of an overall review of group experiences. It will highlight thoughts, feeling and experiences of a group leader. It also illustrates the thoughts, feelings and experience as a group member. The paper demonstrates different stages of group that was evident in group sessions. This paper reveals the theories, that group members implemented into their sessions, such as Cognitive Behavior, Cognitive Restructuring, Reality and Choice, Adlerian Therapy, and Erickson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development. This paper displays various techniques that range from Here and Now, and Homework that was also utilized during groups. This paper provides examples of various stages of group that was evident in group sessions such as, the...
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...Management Theories and Principles The Enthusiastic Employee: How Companies Profit by Giving Workers What They Want, by David Sirota, Louis A. Mischkind, and Michael I. Meltzer Worker motivation, morale, and performance are the main topic of the first two chapters of the text and the authors provide examples, quotations, and research data that explains what workers want from a job and what makes them enthusiastic about coming to work. The three primary sets of goals are; equity (the desire to be treated fairly and equally), achievement, and camaraderie. * Equity: or the desire to be treated fairly. Here, the authors discuss important concerns like job security, compensation, and respect. Everyone wants to be securing in his/her job, earn a decent wage, and be treated in a professional manner. This part of the literature investigates just how important compensation really is to job satisfaction and what level of trade-off employees are willing to accept in terms of income in order to gain more job security. * Achievement: The purpose and mission of a company, the annoyances caused by layers of management, the desire to have challenging work, and the importance of recognition for a job well done. The consensus among workers is clear: They not only want to be treated with respect and earn a decent living, they also want to work for a company they feel proud of and perform a task that is challenging and rewarding. * Camaraderie: Or employee relationships...
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...Title: The Burma Road Riot Name: Alieth Jeanienne Adderley Student ID#: 000-06-8795 Instructor’s Name: Tracey Thompson Date of Submission: 29th March 2012 The Burma Road Riot, despite being often misunderstood and misinterpreted is still regarded as one of the most significant events in the racial and political history of The Bahamas. Although there were immediate causes of the riot, the social system existing from emancipation fostered dissatisfaction in the hearts of many non-white Bahamians. Prior to 1838, slaveholders who were mostly white were prescribed by law to own black slaves but after emancipation in 1838, Bahamian society was reorganized in a three tier system, the white elite, the coloured middle class and the black masses. Although this system was similar to the model of The British West Indian colonies, The Bahamas, due to its proximity to the United States, was influenced by The Jim Crowe laws existing in The Southern United States which discriminated against African Americans in an effort to control their movements. The white elite, being the former slave holders used any means necessary to maintain their status as the ‘master class.’ This included economic control through the use of the truck, share and labour tenancy systems, which ensured that black Bahamians were in debt, legal means which prevented them from not acquiring land, and social means by using the coloured middle class to create social divisions among the black Bahamians. Bahamian society...
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...welfare. To find a way to retain or increase energy levels in the workplace, the frequency and correlation of micro-breaks (non-work and work related) taken by a group of knowledge workers with vitality and fatigue was investigated. Firstly, the methodology in using subjective vitality was largely accurate in measuring the complicated term. The accuracy of the seven-item subjective vitality scale used has been proven in a validation paper by Bostic, McGartland and Hood (2000). Results showed high factor loadings (>0.60), indicative that scale was consistent and reliable. However, the relationship between vitality and fatigue was not explained. If vitality is the enthusiasm that an employee has, the lack of it is due to fatigue – indication that they are merely flip sides. Improvements to data collection can be to use observational research by monitoring employees through a camera or to obtain colleagues’ assessment. While there is high cost in doing so, representative data can be obtained, eliminating the problem of inaccurate self-evaluation. The paper’s focus on strategies and breaks targeted at the individual may not be effective in boosting energies. The individual’s work is assumed to be the main factor of energy drain. However, as mentioned by Jon Gordon, the problem lies in “the negativity of the people you work with and for, and the pessimistic culture that is now the norm”. By targeting a less contributive factor of the overall energy crisis, vitality recovery...
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...Past to Present: The Influence of “Muscular Christianity” Doris N. Jamerson Liberty University Abstract This paper will explore the beginnings of Muscular Christianity and its influence on the youth population. I examined James A. Mathisen’s (1990) sociological article about Gil Dodds establishing Muscular Christianity as a norm in culture. Muscular Christianity has been through different stages during the late 1700s through 1900s. Each stage was influenced by very important men who helped contribute fundamentalist idealisms in their time. His case study analyzed the involvements of Thomas Arnold, Charles Kingsley, Thomas Hughes, Charles Studd, Bud Schaeffer and Gil Dodds. Each of these men had different interpretations of muscular Christianity based off of their backgrounds. Mathisen compared each interpretation and created a timeline of contributions to the rise of modern day religious sport culture. Past to Present: The Influence of “Muscular Christianity” Muscular Christianity is a religious connection of Christianity to physical well-being. Many organizations today are influenced by this modern day form of Christianity. The YMCA an organization we are all familiar with is a prime example of combining religious values with healthy living. The YMCA’s mission incorporates values such as honesty, responsibility, and caring. They focus on youth development and physical health. Youth ministries are included in their programs for youth. The YMCA is an organization...
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...Ageism and the Elderly Decrepit, senile, over the hill, old fart or slow driver are often the words you hear when referring to “the elderly”. In 1969, Robert Butler, the first director of the National Institute on Aging was the first to use the term “ageism” to describe the stereotyping of people because of their age. The term ageism contains a negative bias or attitude toward the aging. This it a form of discrimination. While there is other ‘isms used in American society; sexism, or racism, ageism enables the younger generation to see older people differently, they may be seen as just old people who are no longer able to actively contribute to society. When is a person considered to be old or elderly? There was a time when you were required to retire at the age of 65. But with the economy and life span increasing people work until they cannot. There is no set age but society usually deems a person old when they are able to collect benefits like pensions, social security, medical care or discounted meals. The United States Census Bureau has estimated that the population of those over 65 will increase from 11.4 percent in 2000 to 20.7 percent in 2050. The baby boom generation, those born in the 1950’s will make up sixteen percent of the population in at least ten states by 2020. Some say that by the end of the twenty-first century life expectancy will exceed 100 years of age. Most people want to live a long life, but only if they are mentally and physically able to...
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...Cloud State University “Dow Chemical and Agent Orange in Vietnam” Cedric Dawkins, California State Polytechnic University – Pomona Membership Form Page 2 The CASE Journal Volume 4, Issue 2 (Spring 2008) EDITORIAL POLICY The audience for this journal includes both practitioners and academics and thus encourages submissions from a broad range of individuals. The CASE Journal invites submissions of cases designed for classroom use. Cases from all business disciplines will be considered. Cases must be factual, and releases must be available where necessary. All cases must be accompanied by an instructor’s manual which identifies the intended course, relevant theoretical concepts or models that can be applied, and the research methodology for the case. The instructor’s manual should also contain discussion questions and suggested responses, and a teaching plan if not inherent in the Q&A. The CASE Journal also invites submissions of articles relating to case teaching, writing, reviewing, and...
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...Two Patients Two Cancers One Moment of Truth By: Andrea Patterson 2/4/2013 Ms. Doris M.O.B. There are so many types of cancers. The focus in this research paper is to specify two different kinds. Where in which I will describe what type they are, where it’s located, signs to look for, treatments and reactions to those types of treatments. I will also be interviewing two cancer survivors, both of which had different cancers. Dianner Patterson, who was diagnosed with Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma and Cheryl Washington, who was diagnosed with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Nottingham Grade 3. Dianner Lafontaine Patterson was diagnosed with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with follicular cells on January 31st, 2003. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma is the most common cancer of the thyroid. It primarily affects more women than men. Symptoms include a nodule or bump on the thyroid gland that is clearly visible, swollen lymph nodes, hoarse voice, and a sore throat. If these nodes or symptoms last more than two weeks consult a doctor. Doctors can diagnose you using extensive research. The type of doctor that specializes in this disease is called an Otolaryngologist or an Ear, Nose, and Throat doctor. Diagnosis can be determined by a biopsy with a fine needle, extensive blood work, or an ultrasound or sonogram of the throat. Three types of treatment include: medication, surgery, and radiation iodine. The survival rate is excellent after treatment. Dianner’s journey began when...
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...English 205 Research Project-Spring 2014 Assignment (adapted from Ways of Reading, AW 1) One way to work on Patricia Nelson Limerick’s essay, “Haunted America”, is to take the challenge and write history—to write the kind of history, that is, that takes into account the problems she defines, the problems of myth, point of view, fixed ideas, simple narrative selective storytelling, misery. You are not a professional historian, you are probably not using this text in a history course, and you don’t have the time to produce a carefully researched history, one that covers all the bases, but you can think of this as an exercise in history writing, a mini-history, a place to start. Consider the following as a place to start: Go to your college library or, perhaps, the local historical society, and find two or three first-person accounts of a single event, ideally accounts from different perspectives. Or, if these are not available, look to the work of historians, but historians taking different positions on a single event. (This does not have to be a history of the American West.) Even if you work with published historians, try to include original documents and accounts in your essay. The more varied the accounts, the better. Then, working with these texts as your primary sources, write a history, one that you can offer as a response to “Haunted America.” Suggestions for writing: Stage the work out into several drafts, writing first from one position or point...
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...Black Feminism Michelle Smith African American History Winter Quarter 2010 Purdue University Instructor: Professor Wilkens Introduction When the Black Feminist movement was developed, it was a revolution for black women. It gave them power, liberation, and a voice to overcome the emasculating efforts of white male power (Harrold, Hine, and Hine, 2009). When I first began this research, I discovered that Black Feminism is too broad of a topic to elaborate on as a whole. This paper defines the term “Black Feminism. It will explore two published articles that report on the theory and practice of how black feminism is making waves and what role of education in the development of the Black Feminist Thought from 1860 to 1920. This paper will examine when the National Black Feminist Organization was founded and lastly, how two outstanding women who made an impact in the Black Feminist Movement. According to Encyclo (n.d.) online encyclopedia the definition of black feminism is “A strand of feminist thought which highlights the multiple disadvantages of gender, class and race that shape the experiences of nonwhite women. Black feminists reject the idea of a single unified gender oppression that is experienced evenly by all women, and argue that early feminist analysis reflected the specific concerns of white, middle-class women.” In other words, black feminist argue that the liberation of black women entails freedom for all people since it would require the end of...
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...Leadership Paper: Howard Schultz You can get a sense of what’s important to someone by the stories they tell. And Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks and inspirational leader, tells a great story. He uses stories to establish an emotional connection with people and to inspire them to share his passion and vision. In his book titled, Onward: How Starbucks Fought for Its Life without Losing Its Soul, Schultz writes, “…Listen with empathy and over-communicate with transparency. Tell your story, refusing to let others define you. Use authentic experiences to inspire. Stick to your values, they are your foundation.” (Schultz & Gordon, Pg. 309, 2011) Values and a passionate belief are what drive leaders like Schultz. One way to inject that passion into a business is to tell a “creation-of-the-enterprise story.” (Dubrin, 2013) This type of story inspires people to rally around a cause that they feel, will “make the world a better place!” For example, Schultz tells a story that began in 1961, when his father broke his ankle at work and was left without income, insurance or any way to support his family. The family’s suffering and fear inspired change and Schultz grew up driven to create a company in which employees have a safety net woven of respect and dignity. (Durbin, 2013) And when confronted by angry shareholders to end the company’s health care benefits to boost stock prices; Schultz vehemently declined and then used this personal story to boost morale and inspire the...
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...Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 6(3), pp. 46-70 www.ejop.org Is It You or Is It Me? Contrasting Effects of Ridicule Targeting Other People Versus the Self Leslie M. Janes Brescia University College James M. Olson University of Western Ontario Abstract In this paper, we describe a program of research on the topic of ridicule, which explored the differing effects of observing either ridicule directed at other people or selfdisparaging ridicule. In three studies, participants listened to humor that either ridiculed another person, ridiculed the self (the person expressing the humor), or involved no ridicule. Results in two studies showed that observing ridicule that targeted another person led participants to conform more to the alleged attitudes of others and to behave in ways suggesting a heightened fear of failure, compared to self-ridicule or no ridicule. In contrast, results in a third study showed that observing self-disparaging ridicule led participants to generate more creative ideas, compared to other-ridicule or no ridicule. The implications of these “inhibiting” effects of other-ridicule and “disinhibiting” effects of self-ridicule are discussed. Keywords: ridicule, disparagement humor, self-ridicule, conformity, creativity Ridicule is defined as “the act of making someone the object of scornful laughter” (Webster‟s New World Dictionary, 2002). This type of humor is common in modernday society. It is a staple in late-night comedy shows, political...
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...Murphy, PhD(c) Linda O’Brien-Pallas, PhD Chris Alksnis, PhD Stephen Birch, PhD George Kephart, PhD Mike Pennock Dorothy Pringle, PhD Irving Rootman, PhD Sping Wang, PhD Decision Maker Partners: Lucille Auffrey, RN Jean-Marie Berthelot Tom Closson Doris Grinspun, RN Mary Ellen Jeans, RN, PhD Kathleen MacMillan, RN, MA, MSc Barbara Oke, RN Judith Shamian, RN, PhD Barb Wahl, RN Funding Provided by: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation University of Toronto Principal Investigators: Gail Tomblin Murphy Professor, School of Nursing Dalhousie University 5869 University Avenue Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7 Linda O’Brien-Pallas Professor and CHSRF/CIHR Chair, Nursing Human Resources Unit Co-Principal Investigator, Nursing Effectiveness, Utilization & Outcomes Research Unit Faculty of Nursing University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4 Telephone: (416) 978-1967 Fax: (416) 946-7142 E-mail: l.obrien.pallas@utoronto.ca Telephone: (902) 494-2228 Fax: (902) 494-3487 E-mail: gail.tomblin.murphy@dal.ca This document is available on the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation Web site (www.chrsf.ca). For more information on the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation, contact the Foundation at: 1565 Carling Avenue, Suite 700 Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 8R1 E-mail: communications@chsrf.ca Telephone: (613) 728-2238 Fax: (613) 728-3527 Ce document est disponible sur le site web de la Fondation canadienne de la recherche...
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...AS English Language [pic] [pic] [pic] Fiction style models and tasks – 2012/2013 Style Model Workbook Style models are examples of a type of writing used to give you an idea of the features used when adapting a particular style and form. As you will be required to include a fiction and non-fiction annotated style model as part of your coursework folder we have compiled a selection of materials to give you a head start. The two booklets (one fiction, one non-fiction) will contain the type of extracts you should be looking for and the questions that accompany them will help you to annotate the materials appropriately. You will be given some of the extracts to study in class and some to complete as homework tasks. There may be some materials that you haven’t been directed to by your teachers, these will make very good additional preparation and you should look at these in your own time. All the resources, and some additional style models, can be found in the AS Language section of Moodle. AS LANGUAGE COURSEWORK You must keep all work during the production of the coursework in your folder. You will need all drafts and style models for part of your final grade. Criteria • Two pieces of your own writing • Each piece must have a different audience and purpose • You should write with a specific genre in mind • Pieces should be designed with a real publication in mind • Two...
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