...The dowry system is an age old system and a peculiar phenomenon of the Indian society. It is, as today, a curse to the society. Dowry is the name given to all that, the parents of a girl give to her when she gets married. At the face of it, the system seems quite appropriate, healthy and logical, for, in this simple way, the parents of the girl help her in setting a new home. So far, so good and, originally also the purpose of dowry was very justified and understandable. Let us now analyze how and why this system took birth at all? In the earlier times of Indian society, the daughter had no share in the father's property so, by way of dowry the girl would get at least some portion of her share. Besides this, in those days, the girls were not educated so, this dowry could serve the girl as a back up support system in case of any emergency after her marriage. Seeing this as the ground reality and the reason for the system for having taken birth, no right thinking people would call the system wrong or unjustified. However, with the passage of time this same fine system has taken the ugly shape of begging for dowry, bargaining for dowry, auctioning the boy to the highest bidder and finally suicides. This is because, taking advantage of the system, the parents of the boys, have started demanding dowry. This was never done in the original shape of the system. The girl's parents would give whatever they could and, there would be NO - yes, NO demands from the boy's side. Besides...
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...Death Due to Dowry - A Legal Analysis SOCIOLOGY By : RASHMI NAIK TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CASES 3 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 CHAPTER I: DEFINING DOWRY IN LEGAL TERMS. 9 CHAPTER II: SOCIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DOWRY AND LEGAL ANALYSIS.. 13 CHAPTER III: IS DOWRY DEATH DECLINING? 19 CONCLUSION 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY 23 TABLE OF CASES 1. Dwarkadas shrinivas v. Sholapur Spinning and Weaving Co. 2. K. Prema S. Rao v. Yadla Srinivasa Rao,. 3. Kunju Moideen v. Sayed mohd. 4. Paniben (Smt), v. State of Gujarat. 5. Smt. Shanti and Another v State of Haryana. 6. The Collector of Bombay v. Nusserwanji Rattanji Mistri and others. 7. V. Jhadav v. Shankarrao Abasaheb pawar and others. 8. Samir Samanta v.The State, 9. Gurditta Singh v. The State Of Rajasthan, 10. Shamnsaheb M Multani v. State of Karnataka 11. Pawan Kumar v. State of Haryana 12. Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajasthan 13. Kundula Bala Subrahmanyam and Another v. State of Andhra Pradesh TABLE OF AUTHORITIES 1. Dowry prohibition Act, 1961. 2. Indian Evidence Act, 1872. 3. Indian Penal Code, 1860. INTRODUCTION Dowry death is an important topic in a country like India, which has given shame to this country. In the past centuries, women were generally abused exploited and discarded and were denied social, economic and political justice. Dowry is one among the cruel social practices practiced in India. Dowry is an issue in which women’s...
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...DOWRY DEATH: AN UNHEEDED HEALTH ISSUE OF THE SOCIETY AIM OF THE PROJECT: The aim of this project is to- * Devise the basic cause behind dowry system. * Highlight it as a critical problem of the society. * Construct a relation between law and dowry. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: This project will emphasize on the question that why dowry is harmful for the society. Even in the 21st century women are subject to exploitation. Dowry system is widespread in the society and it is considered as a social evil. The crux of this project is to portray dowry as the root cause of mental and physical harassment and agony suffered by women. OVERVIEW OF LITERARURE: Exploitation of women has been by the society’s evil norms has been the focus of considerable concern for several decades. However dowry death has been a primary concern for many researchers. A number of researchers have operationally defined marriages as money earning rackets through dowry ( Gopalan Retheesh Babu 2010 , Bontha Veerraju Babu 2010 ). Research has indicated that dowry death is not only prevalent in rural areas but urban areas too. It is regarded as a crime against humanity. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: The basic concept behind this research is that dowry has become the deadliest enemy of this free and civilized society. The root cause behind dowry deaths is Hindu religious orthodoxy. In olden days dowry was given voluntarily and out of love and affection but these days customs have become brutally dangerous...
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...Short Essay on Dowry System in India: In our Indian society there are numerous problems like superstitions, illiteracy, cast system and dowry system, etc. It is surprising that in these days of the 20th century even, we are still drowned in the dark depth of these evils. One of the worst evils of Indian Society is the dowry system. The word ‘dowry’ means the property and money that a bride brings to her husband’s house at the time of her marriage. It is a custom that is prevalent in all the sections of our society in one form or the other. At the beginning it was voluntary, but later on the social pressure was such that very few could escape from it. The dowry at present is a source of both joy and curse in the society. It is also a joy to the husband and his relatives who get cash, costly dress and utensils, furniture, bedding materials, etc. But, it is a curse to the bride’s parents who have to bear enormous cost to satisfy the unreasonable demands of the bridegroom’s party. A demand of dowry does not diminish even after marriage. The in-laws of the bride are very much ready in Indian homes to inflict harassment, insults and tortures-both mental and physical. When more pressure is put on the bride’s parents, their dear daughter has no other option but to commit suicide to avoid more insult and torture at the hands of the members of her husband’s family. Also read: Social Issues in India (causes, effects and solutions) This curse of Dowry System must be eradicated...
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...THE PRACTICE OF DOWRY IN INDIA The last several hundred years of women's history in India has been painted black with dowry related incidences of murder, female foeticide/infanticide and domestic violence. An examination of dowry's history reveals that it is neither an exceptional nor a recent social phenomenon in India. Many societies in the earlier days of civilization had such practices. While such practices in most western societies vanished with modernization, they became more widespread and inflationary in India. Modernizing forces, namely colonialism and commercialization, have been at work in India for years, and they would prima facie be expected to suppress such primitive practices. However, even after more than forty years of its prohibition, the practice has spread and has increasingly ingrained itself in the institution of marriage. A dowry is the transfer of parental property to a daughter as her inheritance at her marriage (i.e. inter vivos) rather than at the owner's death (mortis causa). A dowry establishes a type of conjugal fund, the nature of which may vary widely.Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price and dower. While bride price (or bride service) is a payment by the groom or his family to the bride's parents, dowry is the wealth transferred from the bride's family to the groom or his family, ostensibly for the bride. Similarly, dower[->0] is the property settled on the bride herself by the groom at the time of marriage and which...
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...WIKIPEDIA Dowry death From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Dowry deaths refers the deaths of young women who are murdered or driven to suicide by continuous harassment and torture by husbands and in-laws in an effort to extort an increased dowry. Dowry death is considered one of the many categories of violence against women, alongside rape, bride burning, eve teasing, and acid throwing. It is widespread in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal. Sri Lanka and some regions of Africa. Pakistan has the highest reported rates of dowry-related deaths per 100,000 women in the world. India[edit] Most dowry deaths occur when the young woman, unable to bear the harassment and torture, commits suicide. Most of these suicides are by hanging, poisoning or by fire. Sometimes the woman is killed by setting her on fire; this is known as "bride burning", and sometimes disguised as suicide or accident. Suicide and murder are two causes of fatalities in dowry deaths. Death by burning of Indian women have been more frequently attributed to dowry conflicts.[1] In dowry deaths, the groom’s family is perpetrator of murder or suicide.[2] According to Indian National Crime Record Bureau, in 2010, 8391 dowry death cases were reported across India[3] This means a bride was burned every 90 minutes, or dowry issues cause 1.4 deaths per year per 100,000 women in India.[4][5] For contextual reference, United Nations reports a worldwide average female homicide rate of 3.6...
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...Presentation Topic Dowry And It’s Concept in Different Religion Dowry Dowry is the money or property brought by a woman to her husband at marriage. Dowry is 'any property or valuable security given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly by one party to a marriage to the other party to the marriage or by the parents of either party to a marriage or by any other person, to either party to the marriage or to any other person at or before [or any other time after the marriage] in connection with the marriage of the said parties'. As per this definition, gifts of jewelry, clothes and cash traditionally given by the groom's family would also be covered by the anti-dowry law and hence declared illegal. Introduction The types of property included in a dowry vary tremendously depending on the economic circumstances of the families involved and the customary expectations of the society. A woman's dowry might include personal possessions (such as clothing and jewels), money, servants, or land. THE CONCEPT OF DOWRY IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS Dowry (Dhaaj) is prohibited in every religion which cant affordable for the bridel’s family or more value demanding or asking form the Groom’s family. DOWRY In Islam There is nothing called ‘Dowry’ in Islam a Muslim father does not have to bother for dowry . On the contrary, Islam enjoins the groom to give a ‘Bridal-Gift’ or ‘Dower’ as a token of love and assurance to his wife at the time of marriage. The practice...
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...Dote ay pera, ari-arian, o mga kalakal na ang isang babae ay nagdudulot ng isang regalosa kanyang asawa sa kasal. Ang pagsasanay ng paggamit ng isang dote, na kilala rinbilang mga damit at kagamitan ng nobya, ay isang pasadyang na paligid para sa mgasiglo at pinakamadalas na ensayado sa Europa, Asya, at Africa. Modern beses na nakitaang pagsasanay pagkahulog na ito sa pamamagitan ng gilid ng daan dahil sa pang-aabuso na pinagdudusahan ng mga kababaihan bilang isang resulta ng maling paggamitng pagsasanay. Kasaysayan pagsasalita, ang dote isang ay isang paraan ng pagbibigay ng isang babaena may isang bahagi ng kayamanan ng kanyang pamilya, na kung saan hindi kung hindi man siya ay karapat-dapat sa pamamagitan ng mana. Bilang karagdagan, ang dote isangay pinaniniwalaan na ang pinakamahusay na paraan upang maprotektahan ang isangbabae mula sa paghihirap ng pag-abuso o masamang pakikitungo sa pamamagitan ngkanyang asawa. Ang paggamit ng isang dote ay pinagsama sa isang presyo ng nobya, osa halip ng isang halaga ng pera o ari-arian lalaking ikakasal ay bayaran sa pamilya ngnobya sa exchange para sa kanyang kasal sa kanya. Kahit na ang dote ay naging ang ari-arian ng asawa, ang babae ay magmana angdowryshould maging siya isang balo. Kabaligtaran, dapat mamatay ang babae, ang dote,mas mababa ang gastos ng nobya ang presyo, ay minana sa pamamagitan ng kanyangsariling natural na ipinanganak bata. Ano nagsimula bilang isang pasadyang upang maprotektahan at magbigay para sa isangbatang...
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...DOWRY DEATH INTRODUCTION :- The dictionary meaning of the term dowry is ‘property or money brought by bride to her husband on marriage’. The system of taking dowry is prevalent in our country since ages. As per section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act.,1961 dowry is defined as “dowry includes any property or valuable security given or greed to be given either directly or indirectly: -By one party to a marriage to the other party to the marriage; or -By the parents of either party to a marriage or by any other person, to either party to the marriage or to any other person at or before or any time after the marriage in connection with the marriage of the said parties. During the ancient times dowry was considered as a custom in our country. The custom however became a social evil with the passage of time. This social evil has taken lives of many innocent brides for its non fulfillment. Deaths of young brides through suicide or homicide following disputes over the dowry are increasingly a feature of Indian society. Marriages in India are usually arranged by parents and the wife becomes a member of the husband's family, in most cases moves in with them. Since most marriages are arranged with the assistance of third parties, the family generally do not know each other well. Nevertheless, the newly wedded bride is expected to switch her principal loyalty overnight to her husband's family. The husband's family may make little accommodation to the bride...
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...of woman is symbolized, in tradition by calling her as the Mother Earth who bears all sufferings. The cardinal principle of the survival of the fittest applies to the weak, natural attributes of woman which renders her less fit for survival than man. She must live at his mercy and on his charity, silently bearing all his atrocities unless and until society in an enlightened mood comes to her rescue. What is dowry? 1. Anything transacted or agreed to be transacted between the parties of the marriage is dowry. 2. Any transaction or demands for such a transaction which was not agreed upon by concerned parties in connection with marriage falls beyond the scope of dowry. What constitutes offence in dowry death cases? 1. Offences under the Dowry Prohibition Act: a) Giving and taking dowry after 2-10-1985 is an offence except customary presents, given to bride or bridegroom in keeping with the donor's financial status without any demand. The offence is punishable u/s: 3 of the Act. b) Demanding dowry from the spouse's relatives or guardians is an offence from 2-10-1985. The offence is punishable u/s: 4 of the Act. c) A person failing to give to...
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...Semiconductor Semiconductors :- Most of the solids can be placed in one of the two classes: Metals and insulators. Metals are those through which electric charge can easily flow, while insulators are those through which electric charge is difficult to flow. This distinction between the metals and the insulators can be explained on the basis of the number of free electrons in them. Metals have a large number of free electrons which act as charge carriers, while insulators have practically no free electrons. There are however, certain solids whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between metals and insulators. They are called ‘Semiconductors’. Carbon, silicon and germanium are examples of semi-conductors. In semiconductors the outer most electrons are neither so rigidly bound with the atom as in an insulator, nor so loosely bound as in metal. At absolute zero a semiconductor becomes an ideal insulator. semiconductors - Theory and Definition Semiconductors are the materials whose electrical conductivity lies in between metals and insulator. The energy band structure of the semiconductors is similar to the insulators but in their case, the size of the forbidden energy gap is much smaller than that of the insulator. In this class of crystals, the forbidden gap is of the order of about 1ev, and the two energy bands are distinctly separate with no overlapping. At absolute o0, no electron has any energy even to jump...
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...MY DREAM HOLIDAY I am tired of the usual stuff staying in Europe, going to Spain or Portugal: having chips, getting tanned all that usual stuff. Nothing different to offer, but my dream holiday is a place where they have their unique tradition, their amazing culture and their different lifestyle. Their amazing cuisines and their way of treating people and they country I am trying to say is-Dubai. This is the place, which has mesmerised me with its huge skyscraper and its indefinable luxuries. This is the country, which has developed the most in the past decade. Dubai is the land, which has engraved itself with immense wealth, and this is one of the reasons why I have chosen it as my dream holiday. To start off it is a country, which offers all the luxuries of the world in your fingertips. The beauty of the dazzling blue and peaceful white sky is dimmed with the stunning huge skyscrapers. Dubai is known for its glamour and luxuries and this is what I am here for. The place that I would like to start visiting is the world's tallest hotel-"Burj Al Arab"-the one and only seven star hotel in the world also known for having the tallest atrium in the world. Well when I said I would like to visit the hotel you all would have thought of me going and staying over there, well that's almost impossible for an average person because to stay for one night is almost $25,000 and now if you thought of just having a preview of the hotel that is impossible too because its approx. $5000.Well...
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...SOCIO LEGAL STUDY OF MAHR AND DOWRY AND DOWRY PROHIBITION LAWS Subject: Family Law- II Submitted to: Dr. Vijender Kumar Professor of Law Head, Centre for Family Law Submitted by: Shivam Bhatt IInd Year, IIIrd Semester Roll No. : 2012-47 National Academy of Legal Studies and Research, University of Law, Hyderabad. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATION i TABLE OF CASES ii TABLE OF STATUTES ii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Dowry and Mahr…………………………………………………………………………..1 1.2 Research Plan 2 a.) Aims and Objectives 2 b.) Scope and Limitation 2 c.) Chapterisation 2 1.3 Research Methodology 2 CHAPTER II DOWRY AND MAHR AS A SOCIAL EVIL CHAPTER III DOWRY PROHIBITION AND DOWRY PROHIBITION LAWS 3.1 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 9 3.2 Section 304B of IPC 11 3.3 Section 498A of IPC 12 CHAPTER IV MISSUSE OF DOWRY LAWS CHAPTER V CONCLUSION & SUGGESSTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY iii LIST OF ABBREVIATION AIR – All Indian Reporter Co. – Company Ed. – Edition Et. al. – Et alia e.g. – ‘Exempli gratia’ (for example) HSA – Hindu Succession Act P. – Page number SCC – Supreme Court Cases v. - versus TABLE OF CASES Dinesh Kumar Mor v Lalitya Mor. 9 Dukhi Ram v State of U.P. 12 Gantupalli Rama Subhatha v Guntu Palli Rajamma. 10 Gordhan Ram v State of Rajathan. 12 Lajpat Rai Sehgal v State. 11 ...
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...Dowry is the property that a woman should bring to man's house when she gets married. Countries like India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal and many other countries have this ritual culture. These cultures bring lots of negativeness and lots of violence towards a house. Once a girl is married with low dowry then the boys family will most likely torture her throughout her life. According to India's National Crime Records Bureau published a report in 2013 stating that, on average, a woman dies almost every hour due to dowry disputes. Although the tradition of a bride's family paying a groom's family a dowry was banned in 1961, the practice is still not uncommon. Thousands of women have been killed—sometimes doused with gasoline and burned alive—because a groom or his family believed the bride's dowry to be insufficient. The dowry system is still going on and people support it. This is the part where you follow your religion and practice your culture. It is not girl’s fault that she was killed. It is the fault where society has taught them the wrong thing and government not doing anything else. Just from dowry system, approximately 250,000 people suffer domestic violence (Violence issue against women). That's a lot of people just getting suffered from dowry and there are many...
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...excavated artifacts and art provides a rich tapestry of evidence of the lives of the Ancient Mesopotamians and with it a small glimpse into the lives of Mesopotamian women. Many resources point to the woman’s role being firmly that of a “daughter of her father or the wife of her husband.” (The Oriantial Institute, Chicago University) Texts such as The Code of Hammurabi spell out what few rights a Mesopotamian woman had. These rights were mainly associated to the privileges of the dowry bestowed up on her husband by her father or in his death her eldest male relative. (Hooker, Washington State University, 1999) A dowry typically consisted of money, goods, or estate that a woman brings to her husband in marriage. The rights to this dowry were mainly held by the father, the husband or the woman’s sons depending on the situation. Only when a woman had become a widow of which she was given a dowry and a deed from her father stating that she had permission to use the dowry as she wished did was she free to use the dowry as she wished. (Hooker, Washington State University, 1999) The traditional roles of wife and mother meant that they were often trained in...
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