...life in some areas; and contributes billions of dollars to the economy. Some would go so far to say that the practice of medicine these days is inherently dependent upon health technology. This is probably based on the observations that clinicians use a wide variety of technologies in diagnosing, treating and assessing the care of their patients. Today's medical technology is more advanced, more effective, and in many cases, more costly than ever before. Furthermore there is an ever increasing demand for high technology diagnostic and therapeutic health care facilities and their availability may come into conflict with medical necessity, social justice and cost effectiveness. There is increasing pressure on health care resources that is driving more explicit and public decisions regarding the best use of these resources. The complexity of modern technology and its high marginal cost suggest to us that testimonial reviews of new technologies are no longer sufficient.1 Current trends in health care decision making favour a transition from a rationale based primarily on resources and opinion to a rationale derived from research. In developing a new health care technology it is important to recognize its potential impact. The important question would be whether the new technology provides information that was not previously available and the new information may result in the cure of a common and otherwise fatal disease....
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...This page intentionally left blank Physical Constants Quantity Electron charge Electron mass Permittivity of free space Permeability of free space Velocity of light Value e = (1.602 177 33 ± 0.000 000 46) × 10−19 C m = (9.109 389 7 ± 0.000 005 4) × 10−31 kg �0 = 8.854 187 817 × 10−12 F/m µ0 = 4π10−7 H/m c = 2.997 924 58 × 108 m/s Dielectric Constant (�r� ) and Loss Tangent (� �� /� � ) Material Air Alcohol, ethyl Aluminum oxide Amber Bakelite Barium titanate Carbon dioxide Ferrite (NiZn) Germanium Glass Ice Mica Neoprene Nylon Paper Plexiglas Polyethylene Polypropylene Polystyrene Porcelain (dry process) Pyranol Pyrex glass Quartz (fused) Rubber Silica or SiO2 (fused) Silicon Snow Sodium chloride Soil (dry) Steatite Styrofoam Teflon Titanium dioxide Water (distilled) Water (sea) Water (dehydrated) Wood (dry) � r �� / � 1.0005 25 8.8 2.7 4.74 1200 1.001 12.4 16 4–7 4.2 5.4 6.6 3.5 3 3.45 2.26 2.25 2.56 6 4.4 4 3.8 2.5–3 3.8 11.8 3.3 5.9 2.8 5.8 1.03 2.1 100 80 1 1.5–4 0.1 0.000 6 0.002 0.022 0.013 0.000 25 0.002 0.05 0.000 6 0.011 0.02 0.008 0.03 0.000 2 0.000 3 0.000 05 0.014 0.000 5 0.000 6 0.000 75 0.002 0.000 75 0.5 0.000 1 0.05 0.003 0.000 1 0.000 3 0.001 5 0.04 4 0 0.01 Conductivity (� ) Material Silver Copper Gold Aluminum Tungsten Zinc Brass Nickel Iron Phosphor bronze Solder Carbon steel German silver Manganin Constantan Germanium Stainless steel , S/m 6.17 × 107 4.10 × 107 3.82 × 107 1.82 × 107 1.67 × 107 1.5 × 107 1.45 × 107 1.03...
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...Pile-supported huts in lagoons around the shores of lake in R. Ayothiraman R A thi Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi – 110 016. E-mail: araman@civil.iitd.ac.in Venezuela V l In early years, primarily used to bye-pass the water depth and soft soil layer even for lightly-loaded buildings Commonest Function: To transfer the load that cannot be adequately supported at shallow depths to a depth where adequate support becomes available. FUNCTIONS OF PILES • • • • • • • To carry the superstructure loads (both vertical and lateral) into/ through a soil stratum. To resist large uplift force and/or overturning moments To compact loose, cohesionless deposits -- a combination of pile volume displacement and driving vibrations (piles is withdrawn later) To control settlements when spread footing/mat is on a marginal soil/highly compressible soil To stiffen the soil beneath the machine foundations – to control both amplitudes and natural frequency of the system Provides additional safety factor beneath bridge abutments/piers, if scour is a potential problem Piles in offshore – load transfer thro’ water into underlying soil – partially embedded pile -- to vertical (buckling) and lateral load) Use of piles Effect of relation between foundation width and pile length on pressure distribution 1 End bearing pile pressure distributions in soil Friction pile pressure distributions in soil Pile Types Function or Action Composition and Material Timber...
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...African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(8), pp. 3410-3423, 18 April, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM ISSN 1993-8233 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Branding satisfaction in the airline industry: A comparative study of Malaysia Airlines and Air Asia Kee Mun, Wong* and Ghazali, Musa Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Accepted 23 March, 2011 Brand is crucial in differentiating the superiority of products or services over others. This is an exploratory study examining the differences in brand satisfaction between Malaysian Airlines (full service airlines) and Air Asia (low cost airlines) in Malaysia. 350 usable questionnaires were obtained from respondents in the two main airlines terminals in Kuala Lumpur. Exploratory factor analysis revealed seven brand satisfaction dimensions which are tangibles, price, core service, reputation, publicity, word-of-mouth, and employee. Generally, respondents were not satisfied with all brand dimensions of both airlines. The level of brand dissatisfaction is also higher for Malaysian Airlines compared with Air Asia. Air Asia was perceived better than Malaysian Airlines in price, publicity, and word-of-mouth. On the other hand, Malaysian Airlines was perceived better in tangibles, core service, reputation, and employee. The paper highlights some of its theoretical, managerial and marketing implications to the development of airline...
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...motivation; intellectual stimulation; and individual consideration. Key words: Transformational leadership n Nursing n Motivation n Staff support n Personal qualities ffectivenursingleadershipisavehiclethroughwhich healthcare delivery and consumer demands can be fulfilled. Traditionally, nurses were over-managed andinadequatelyled;theynowfaceunprecedented challengesandopportunities(BowlesandBowles,2000). Thenotionofleadershipisconstantlychanging,withmany theoriesandframeworksavailable.Today’sorganisationsface ever-increasingchange,whichneedsamoreadaptiveflexible leadershipthatisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinthe21st century(Thyer,2003;Jooste,2004;Ralston,2005).Bass(1985) labelled this type of adaptive leadership as transformational, under which environments of shared responsibilities that...
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...motivation; intellectual stimulation; and individual consideration. Key words: Transformational leadership n Nursing n Motivation n Staff support n Personal qualities ffectivenursingleadershipisavehiclethroughwhich healthcare delivery and consumer demands can be fulfilled. Traditionally, nurses were over-managed andinadequatelyled;theynowfaceunprecedented challengesandopportunities(BowlesandBowles,2000). Thenotionofleadershipisconstantlychanging,withmany theoriesandframeworksavailable.Today’sorganisationsface ever-increasingchange,whichneedsamoreadaptiveflexible leadershipthatisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinthe21st century(Thyer,2003;Jooste,2004;Ralston,2005).Bass(1985) labelled this type of adaptive leadership as transformational, under which environments of shared responsibilities that...
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...Journal of Consumer Behaviour, J. Consumer Behav. 11: 406–414 (2012) Published online 23 May 2012 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/cb.1385 Does an iPod make you happy? An exploration of the effects of iPod ownership on life satisfaction ANTJE COCKRILL* School of Business and Economics, Haldane Building, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK ABSTRACT The Apple iPod is currently the undisputed leading product in the global MP3 player market. This competitive advantage is due to the design, high functionality, and perhaps most importantly, the ‘cool factor’ which Apple has managed to obtain with its products. This study explores if owning an iPod (as opposed to another brand of MP3 player) makes a difference in the perception of general life satisfaction. Using Diener et al.’s generic satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) to measure the dependent variable life satisfaction, a model with the key concepts usage, benefits, peer influence, design, iPod phenomenon, and iPod bubble has been developed and tested in a variety of ways, including regression analysis. The sample consisted of a multinational sample of 240+ young adults, aged 18–35 years. The demographic profiles of iPod and non-iPod owners were very similar, but for iPod owners, 23 per cent of the variance in overall life satisfaction is explained by the key concepts used in this research. Key influencing variables for iPod owners are peer influence and design. For non-iPod owners...
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...Chaotic Growth with the Logistic Model of P.-F. Verhulst Hugo Pastijn Department of Mathematics, Royal Military Academy B-1000 Brussels, Belgium Hugo.Pastijn@rma.ac.be Summary. Pierre-Fran¸ois Verhulst was born 200 years ago. After a short biograc phy of P.-F. Verhulst in which the link with the Royal Military Academy in Brussels is emphasized, the early history of the so-called “Logistic Model” is described. The relationship with older growth models is discussed, and the motivation of Verhulst to introduce different kinds of limited growth models is presented. The (re-)discovery of the chaotic behaviour of the discrete version of this logistic model in the late previous century is reminded. We conclude by referring to some generalizations of the logistic model, which were used to describe growth and diffusion processes in the context of technological innovation, and for which the author studied the chaotic behaviour by means of a series of computer experiments, performed in the eighties of last century by means of the then emerging “micro-computer” technology. 1 P.-F. Verhulst and the Royal Military Academy in Brussels In the year 1844, at the age of 40, when Pierre-Fran¸ois Verhulst on November c 30 presented his contribution to the “M´moires de l’Acad´mie” of the young e e Belgian nation, a paper which was published the next year in “tome XVIII” with the title: “Recherches math´matiques sur la loi d’accroissement de la e population” (mathematical investigations of the law of...
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...Acknowledgments ix Acknowledgments This book owes a great deal to the mental energy of several generations of scholars. As an undergraduate at the University of Cape Town, Francis Wilson made me aware of the importance of migrant labour and Robin Hallett inspired me, and a generation of students, to study the African past. At the School of Oriental and African Studies in London I was fortunate enough to have David Birmingham as a thesis supervisor. I hope that some of his knowledge and understanding of Lusophone Africa has found its way into this book. I owe an equal debt to Shula Marks who, over the years, has provided me with criticism and inspiration. In the United States I learnt a great deal from ]eanne Penvenne, Marcia Wright and, especially, Leroy Vail. In Switzerland I benefitted from the friendship and assistance of Laurent Monier of the IUED in Geneva, Francois Iecquier of the University of Lausanne and Mariette Ouwerhand of the dépurtement évangélrlyue (the former Swiss Mission). In South Africa, Patricia Davison of the South African Museum introduced me to material culture and made me aware of the richness of difference; the late Monica Wilson taught me the fundamentals of anthropology and Andrew Spiegel and Robert Thornton struggled to keep me abreast of changes in the discipline; Sue Newton-King and Nigel Penn brought shafts of light from the eighteenthcentury to bear on early industrialism. Charles van Onselen laid a major part of the intellectual foundations on...
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...University of Abertay Dundee Guide to Harvard Referencing 2009 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4 What is Harvard referencing? .............................................................................. 4 What is the difference between a bibliography and a list of references? ........ 5 What is a bibliography? .................................................................................... 5 What is the reference list? ................................................................................ 5 Citing references in-text ....................................................................................... 6 How do I cite references in-text? ..................................................................... 6 General advice on in-text citation .................................................................... 6 Quoting directly from the book, journal or website ....................................... 7 Paraphrasing (rewriting what has been said in the book, journal or website) .............................................................................................................. 7 General advice on the reference list (and bibliography) ................................... 8 Referencing books ................................................................................................ 9 What information do I need to include? ................................
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...This page intentionally left blank SEVENTH EDITION Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer THEODORE L. BERGMAN Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut ADRIENNE S. LAVINE Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California, Los Angeles FRANK P. INCROPERA College of Engineering University of Notre Dame DAVID P. DEWITT School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University JOHN WILEY & SONS VICE PRESIDENT & PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION EDITOR DESIGNER EXECUTIVE MEDIA EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES Don Fowley Linda Ratts Renata Marchione Christopher Ruel Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Wendy Lai Thomas Kulesa MPS Ltd. This book was typeset in 10.5/12 Times Roman by MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing...
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...Resources, Conservation and Recycling 36 (2002) 211 Á/240 www.elsevier.com/locate/resconrec Shipping news: the implications of electronic commerce for logistics and freight transport Markus Hesse * Department of Earth Sciences, Geographic Sciences and Urban Research, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany Accepted 24 June 2002 Abstract The paper considers the significance of electronic commerce (e-commerce) for freight transport, logistics and physical distribution, regarding both business to business and business to consumer commerce. The possible implications of e-commerce are analysed in the broader context of structural change, going beyond narrow assessments that overstate the significance of e-commerce and its potential to make freight traffic more efficient. The main argument of the paper is threefold: first, most recent analyses of freight transport and logistics implications of e-commerce are overstating the current relevance of e-commerce applications on the one hand, and neglecting the influence of the underlying structural change in the entire logistics system on the other. Second, conventional analyses of certain efficiency benefits of ecommerce are probably too optimistic, whereas its negative effects are underestimated at the same time. E-commerce is likely to support longer transport distances and often higher delivery frequencies, increasing demand for land, due to the establishment of new transhipment points (distribution...
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...* Word count or equivalent: 1000 (500 per answer) * Assessment criteria: * To identify the nature of operations management * To analyse the processes of operations management * To analyse management approaches to operations management * To apply operations management to gaining customers and competing * To examine the operational processes and life cycles * Knowledge/understanding of concepts (40%) * Ability to collect, synthesise and apply information (20%) * Ability to generate appropriate conclusions (10%) * Logical structure (10%) * Communication of information/literacy (20%) Introduction * What the question going to be answered is about * This essay aims to answer… and will refer to… and apply examples from the… industry * Body * Begin each paragraph with the main idea/ topic sentence * This tells the reader what the paragraph will be about * Make sure your reader understands the main idea by EXPLAINING or giving a definitions How to.. * Give some EVIDENCE to support your main idea – the evidence should be a direct quotation or paraphrase and supported by a REFERENCE. * CONCLUDE your paragraph by either * linking back to your main idea * linking forward to the main idea in the next paragraph Conclusion * Conclusions are often hard to construct as you want to do more than just repeat everything you have just answered. * Ensure that you reach an overall conclusion...
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...Naturwissenschaften (2004) 91:255–276 DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y REVIEW Ulrich Kutschera · Karl J. Niklas The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwin’s Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwin’s perspective. Weismann’s neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwin’s dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the “modern synthesis” is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and...
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...Sector Report No. 8 / 2006 ICT and e-Business in the Tourism Industry ICT adoption and e-business activity in 2006 European Commission Tourism About e-Business W@tch and this report The European Commission, Enterprise & Industry Directorate General, launched the e-Business W@tch to monitor the growing maturity of electronic business across different sectors of the economy in the enlarged European Union, EEA and Accession countries. Since January 2002, the e-Business W@tch has analysed e-business developments and impacts in manufacturing, construction, financial and service sectors. All results are available on the internet and can be accessed or ordered via the Europa server or directly at the e-Business W@tch website (http://ec.europa.eu/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/watch/index.htm, www.ebusiness-watch.org). This document is a sector study by e-Business W@tch, focusing on the tourism industry. Its objective is to describe how companies in this industry use ICT for conducting business, to assess the impact of this development for firms and for the industry as a whole, and to indicate possible implications for policy. Analysis is based on literature, interviews, case studies and a survey among decision-makers in European enterprises from the tourism industry about the ICT use of their company. Disclaimer Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information...
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