The first large-scale machines to take advantage of this transistor technology were early supercomputers, Stretch by IBM (above) and LARC by Sperry-Rand. These computers, both developed for atomic energy laboratories, could handle an enormous amount of data, a capability much in demand by atomic scientists. The machines were costly and tended to be too powerful for the business sector's computing needs, thereby limiting their attractiveness. Second generation computers replaced machine language with assembly language, allowing abbreviated programming codes to replace long, difficult binary codes.
Throughout the early 1960's, there were a number of commercially successful second generation computers used in business, universities, and government from companies such as Burroughs, Control Data, Honeywell, IBM, Sperry-Rand, and others. These second generation computers were also of solid state design, and contained transistors in place of vacuum tubes. They also contained all the components we associate with the modern day computer: printers, tape storage, disk storage, memory, operating systems, and stored programs. By 1965, most large business routinely processed financial information using second generation computers.
It was the stored program and programming languages that gave computers the flexibility to finally be cost effective and productive for business use. The stored program concept meant that instructions to run a computer for a specific function (known as a program) were held inside the computer's memory, and could quickly be replaced by a different set of instructions for a different function. A computer could print customer invoices and minutes later design products or calculate paychecks.
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS (1956 to 1963)

By 1948, the invention of the transistor greatly changed the computer's development. The transistor replaced the large, cumbersome vacuum tube in televisions, radios and computers. As a result, the size of electronic machinery has been shrinking ever since. The transistor was at work in the computer by 1956. Coupled with early advances in magnetic-core memory, transistors led to second generation computers that were smaller, faster, more reliable and more energy-efficient than their predecessors.

1 | CompaniesOne of the most famous men in the discovery of the transistor was William Shockley, for which he won a Nobel Prize.Shockley set up a company near San Francisco, in an area that eventually became known as Silicon Valley, and he employed many of the young pioneers of electronics.However, Shockley was a bad manager and most left to form their own companies.So, which two of these companies were formed directly from this?Top of Form | a) | IBM | | b) | Hewlett-Packard | | c) | Microsoft | | d) | Intel | | e) | dell |
Bottom of Form |

1. 
7. Being in control of your own future
The default mindset was always that it was risky to be in business for yourself. People ask me all time how I put up with the risk of losing everything. I turn around and ask them straight which is more risky: relying on somebody else to ensure that their business keeps ticking over, and that there’s always enough money in the kitty to pay your salary; or running your own show, where you always know what the situation is? We live in turbulent times, and I’d rather be the captain of my own ship than a deckhand on 1. Start-up Costs.Before starting a business, you must consider your financialsituation. It is a good idea to over budget rather than underbudget. The rule of thumb is to consider 3 scenario.• consider your personal saving (including re-financing).• Friends and family (including inheritance).•Business loans from financial institutions ( including banks,finance brokers and other loan companies putting intoconsideration their different interest rates).Now having decided where the finance will be coming from, wecan now move on to the next stage which is organising abusiness plan. 2. 2. Business Plan.The next stage is to have a business plan. For any business tosucceed, it must have a plan as to what type of business, and thethree main types are,• Franchise• Buying into an existing business• Starting your own business from bottom-up.But whatever decision you are considering, always consultqualified and independent business advisers. 3. 3. CompetitionsIt is very important in any business to know who your competitors are andwhat your competitors are doing.Similar business spies on each other. This is the only yardstick you use toevaluateyour business and it’s success.Then you can implement things differently by looking for products or thingsyour competitors don’thave in other to have a competitive advantage or a stronger hold on themarket. 4. 4. Location.Another important aspect of a successful business is where thebusiness is situated. If for example you are planning a smallbeauty salon business, it will be unwise to open your business in aplace where there is little or no traffic. A busy shopping centre willbe an ideal place though not all the traffic are there because ofyour business, but one or two might duck in for a quick facial ormanicure. 5. 5. Insurances.In any business, what you need apart from making profit isrest of mind. And the only way you can guarantee rest ofmind is to fully insure your business. There are many typesof insurance policies, and to know what your business needprecisely, it is better to speak to a couple of insurancecompanies in other to ascertain the type of insurance coverthat best suit your business. 6. 6. Registration & licenses.In any business, you will need some sort of licenses, accreditations orregistration fromeither government agencies or affiliates. And the registrations variesfrom one authority to another. And this also depends on thetype of business structure you are considering. Be it Sole Proprietor,Partnership or Company, you will need to contact the relevant authority in your state or territories. 7. 7. Legal Obligations.It is crucial for business to know their rights and the type of laws thatapplies to their business. There are also some obligations andresponsibilities that comes with the right to own a business. For any personconsidering a Partnership business, it is important to know that while it isnot compulsory to enter into a formal contract with your business partner,but it is possible for things to go pear shape very quickly if business doesnot go according to plan. A well documented contract will go a long way tohelp Partners if they want to go their separate way. Conversely, A companymust display its name prominently at every place at which the companycarries on business that is open to the public. This is because anyprospective customer can identify your business as legitimate or legallyregistered. 8. 8. ResearchFor a business to be successful, you have to research the products andservices you are offering. Even if it means offering free samples for people to test and the level ofacceptance. The feedback you receive fromvarious parties will be the yardstick you use to weigh the level of acceptance.Researching a product or service can be pretty difficult and expensive, but amore accurate results can be achieved if it is given to a professionalorganisation to manage after cost istaken into consideration. 9. 9. Marketing.In business, marketing is an integral part and a successful marketingcampaign can yield massive sales. But the cost and the time have to befactored into the business. The importance of marketing cannot beoveremphasised, this is because the tools you use is very important. someof these tools are as follows,• Radio and Television• Social media like Facebook, LinkedIn and various social network.• Business Directories in your local area.This is were you draw a random sample of your targeted population andhow many people you need to reach in these random sample. Theeffectiveness of your campaign will give a reason for your customers tocontact you and become repeat customers. 10. 10. Consider Pull And Push Factors.For any business to prosper, there must be a pull and push factor. Inother word, you have to consider the internal and external factors thatmight affect your business. This could be problems that might happenyears down the track after your business have been through the roughand tumble of every business. Some of the problems could be,• Environmental issues• Government policies• Technologies. For example an Internet cafe business opened 15yrs ago when therewere few computers and Internet connectivity could be more lucrativeback then, than an Internet Cafe opened more recently. With the adventof faster computer and Internet connectivity, one would expect theInternet Cafe business to be booming, but unfortunately, the 11. [Drew Barrymore:]
I've been living with a shadow overhead,
I've been sleeping with a cloud above my bed,
I've been lonely for so long,
Trapped in the past,
I just can't seem to move on!

[Hugh Grant:]
I've been hiding all my hopes and dreams away,
Just in case I ever need 'em again someday,
I've been setting aside time,
To clear a little space in the corners of my mind!

[Chorus]
[Both:]
All I wanna do is find a way back into love.
I can't make it through without a way back into love.
Ooo hooow

[Verse 2]
[Drew Barrymore:]
I've been watching but the stars refuse to shine,
I've been searching but I just don't see the signs,
I know that it's out there,
There's gotta be something for my soul somewhere!

[Hugh Grant:]
I've been looking for someone to she'd some light,
Not somebody just to get me through the night,
I could use some direction,
And I'm open to your suggestions.

[Chorus]
[Both:]
All I wanna do is find a way back into love.
I can't make it through without a way back into love.
And if I open my heart again,
I guess I'm hoping you'll be there for me in the end!

[Middle-eight]
[Drew Barrymore:]
There are moments when I don't know if it's real
Or if anybody feels the way I feel
I need inspiration
Not just another negotiation

[Chorus]
[Both:]
All I wanna do is find a way back into love,
I can't make it through without a way back into love,
And if I open my heart to you,
I'm hoping you'll show me what to do,

12. Isa sa matinding kagustuhan ng maraming tao ay pumayat, o magbawas ng timbang. Sapagkat tayo’y nabubuhay sa mundo na ang naparaming pagkain na puno na mataas sa taba at calories, pwede na tayong gumawa ng kasabihan: “napakadaling tumaba, napakahirap pumayat.” 13. Dahil na rito, sandamukal ang mga artikulo sa mga dyaryo, magazine, libro, at Internet na nangangako ng mga paraan na magpapayat. Marami naring mga ‘diet’ na sumulpot, at syempre, hindi pahuhuli ang mga palabas sa telebisyon. May katotohanan ba sa mga sinasabi nila? Sa dami ng mga nabanggit, ano ba talaga ang mga sigurado at ligtas na paraan ng pagpapapayat?
Not all Diet is right..
Marami ang ang alam na ang diet ay tumutukoy sa weight loss...subalit ang lahat ng paraan ng pag dadiet ay hindi masasabing lahat ay maganda .Katulad ng Western diet,Asian Diet,Religious diet, Frutarian diet,Vegetarian Diet,South Beach diet,Mediterranean diet At may after 6 diet pa...http://paanobamagdiethelphelpcom.blogspot.jp/2012/04/tama-ba-ang-after-6-diet.html.at etcheteras...
Ayoko namang pasakop sa diet tulad ng sa mga American life style puro sila karne ,baked food at fast food ..at mga relihoyoso na fasting diet naman...Kayo anong Diet ba ginagawa nyo? banana diet ba ?o cracker diet ? hmmm..

What is Diet really means?
Sa simpleng detalye,..mahaba ang paliwanag kase dito..Ang Diet ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng pagkain at paginom ng tao.Pag sinabing Diet..ito ay may kinalaman sa katawan at kalusuguan..may sakit man o wala,..Subalit may tamang paraan ng pag da diet..ano ba ito?

Ang tamang Diet ay may kinalaman sa pagpili ng tama at wastong pagkain... yes,healthy diet is an act of restricting food intake .Ang diet na salita ay hindi sapat kung hindi ren lang Healthy balanced diet..at para ito ay lalong maging epektibo at kapakipakinabang...lalo na sa gusto gumanda ang health ,timbang at ng figure..o di kaya naman sa nag papalaki ng muscle.Hindi porket kumakain ka ng tamang pagkain ay sapat na..,kailangan ito ng tinatawag na pag galaw o yung tinatawag na excercise o workout..may nag da diet kase ng di nag eexcercise ,so hindi balance di ba?..importante ang nag papapawis ..para mag burn ang mga calories na nakuha nyo sa pagkain..

Ang tamang pag da Diet ay yung may good results..at kita sa image nyo ... diet is about the manner of your living,not only what you eat and what you drink..but healthy diet is a course of food selection for health restriction or loose weight..

At alam naten na halos ang kinakain ng tao ay nakakasira ng kalusugan..,dahil sa mga chemicals at mga kung ano anong mga artificial flavoring at mga hidden calories..

Ang Tanong ng Karamihan...Ano ba nga ang talaga ang tamang pag da DIET?
Kung ito ay tinatanong nyo at lito pa ren kayo bakit nga ba hindi kayo makapag diet ng tama? May hindi pa kayo alam sigurado..Kailangan malaman nyo ano ang CALORIE?...alam nyo ba ano ang Calorie?importante po ito bago kayo mag diet..kung gusto nyo ng magandang resulta,alamin nyo muna ito...

Are you counting your Calories? Ang tanong ko sa inyo?Alam nyo ba ang Calorie ,Ang Calorie ay iyan yung ,nakakataba sa tao na nakukuha sa mga pagkain at inumin..if you eat more calories than your body needs ,the left over calories are converted to fat and too much fat can lead to health problem.at weight gain..
Kaya tayo ay dapat binibilang ang tamang dami ng calories araw araw...
Ang calorie intake of the average of women ay nasa 2000 calorie..at ang men ay 3000 calorie... and depends on sex weight,activity and metabolism..mahirap kaya unawain ito?.medyo mathematics na ano?

Pansin ko ang mga babae ngayon ay kumakain araw araw ng 3500 calories o mahigit p sa 4000 calories? at mas mataas pa yata dito hmmm..,lalo na ren ang mga lalaki malakas kumain at sa mga umiinom ng alak pa.....ipunin nyo yan sa ilang buwan ,taon o ilang taon..kung hindi kayo mag babago ng tamang kakainin..siguradong lalaki kayo at magkakasakit..ewan ko na lang..Ikaw ...ilang calories meron a day ka ?? 14.
Masama ba ang CALORIES?
Hindi po,Ang katawan naten ay kailangan ng Calories ,because Calorie is the energy that fuels our body., parang gasolina iyan,kailangan ng kotse para umandar.
Kung kulang ka sa energy ang puso{heart} naten ay hindi titibok{beat} at ang baga{lungs} naten ay hindi makakahinga{breath} pati ang utak{brain} naten hindi gagana{function}.So ang calorie ay kailangan ng Katawan subalit pag sumobra ka sa Calories nagiging dahilan ito ng pag taba at mga sakit...Kaya kailangan nyong malaman ang calorie chart.

Paano ba malalaman ang calories sa pagkain?
Halimbawa ang ang isang babae na may edad 20 at may timbang na 48 kilos..may height na 5`3 ...mga ganyang average type siguro ang 1,500 calorie a day is mabuti na ren..hanggang 2000 calorie..wag na lalabis dito,kung masobrahan iyan, kailangan nya mag burn ng calories...o sunugin o magpapawes para matunaw ang taba..para mapanatili nya ang figure at timbang .at ang 30 minutes exercise kahit 3x a week ay sapat na ren..at ang pag kilos araw araw,paglalakad ay isa reng pag ba burn calories...Hindi pwede nag da diet ka ng walang excercise...Kapag hinayaan ang calorie sa katawang maipon ,nagiging taba ito at syang nagiging dahilan ng mga sakit at pag taba ng isang tao.

Calculating your Calories is the right way of how to start your diet....
Kapag hindi kayo aware sa salitang Calorie....mali ang ang Pag da diet nyo..

Alamin nyo anong pagkain ang mataas ang calories..at mga pagkaing nakaka burn ng calories..exercise na mabilis makaburn ng calories..at pagkaing mababa sa calories... Yang po ang unang hakbang na gagawen nyo bago kayo mag simulang kumain at magsimulang mag DIET..BILANGIN ANG CALORIES NYO ARAW ARAW..At kung tinatamad kayo...hindi diet ang ginagawa nyo..

Halimbawa ng 100 calories na food kung target mo ay nasa 2000 cal..a day..
Ang 15 grams of mayonaise ..o isang maliit na kutsarita ang dami siguro...kung malakas kayo sa mayonaise...ang 5 kutsarita ng mayonaise.5 X nyo sa 100 Calories..ay= 500 calories na agad ..Natitira nyong kakainin ay 1,500 calories na lang... Ang mga bodybuilder ay mababa ang calorie nila a day..yung iba nasa 1,300 cal..lang..ako nasa 1,500 cal muna a day..minsan 1,300 cal..ayokong tumaas pa dyan..if nakalimot..i burn it in the gym..ganun lang po kasimple..

Kalahating baso ng gatas..o 181 grams...
299 grams of melon...mga 1/4 size ng maliit na melon siguro.. Kaso iyan ay hindi pa timplado..ibig kong sabihin.yung mga lutong ulam..paano pa ang mga junk food,fast food,oily food,sugary food.etc...maraming hidden calories ang pagkain ng tao.....kayo na bahala paano nyo gagawen tama ang pag da diet nyo....

Mahirap talaga ang healthy balanced diet..sa walang tyaga..gudlak po sa gusto ng tamang diet..lahat ng bagay ay sarili ang nagdedecide....if you want perfect diet results..kailangan nyo ng tyaga at unawa lalong lalo na ang mga food calories..

"Remember ,Love your body first" before anything else
" Feed your body needs and not to feed the needs of your mouth"

| per slice of pineapple is 40 calorie.. | 15.