...Drug Analysis Kaplan University Danielle DeCook CJ 411 Drugs and Alcohol in the Criminal Justice System Professor Deborah Robinson February 28, 2012 Depressants, Stimulants, and Hallucinogens have many similarities and differences but the main commonality is they are all highly addictive. Depressants are considered downers; they are sedating drugs that depress the Central Nervous System. An example of depressant would be heroin. Heroin is an opioid - a very powerful painkiller. The body and the brain are packed with opioid receptors meant for endorphins, the body's own natural pain-killing substances produced in emergency moments of shock or injury. The body also produces this substance when an individual is engaging in physical activity. Endorphins are also produced when a person is under stress. Heroin mimics endorphins and binds rapidly with endorphin receptors, extending and magnifying their natural painkilling effect (NIDA 1986). The result is a surge of pleasurable sensation, or "rush." This rush is usually accompanied by a warm feeling and a sense of well-being. Humans are pleasure-seeking entities, and are naturally attracted to things that make them feel good. The effects are rapid but will depend on the method of ingestion. Intravenous injection provides the greatest intensity and the most rapid onset of euphoria (7 to 8 seconds). Intra-muscular injection produces a relatively slow onset (between 5 to 8 minutes). Sniffing or smoking usually provides peak effects...
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...Drug Industry Investment Analysis Introduction The Drug industry has registered positive financial performance in the third quarter of 2014 having registered tremendous profits. The share prices of companies within the drug industry registered good stock price performances in the stock exchanges topping the 5% level over a 3 month period having surpassed the S&P 500 Index (+1%) and the Dow Jones Industrial Average (+1%). The substantial increase of 15% per annum in this industry is a positive indication of the good performance, even though the performance would not be able to surpass the robust gains of +35% posted in 2013. The industry has been plagued by a series of scandals ranging from tax inversion deals especially in companies within the pharmaceutical sector. Tax inversion deals take place when a company registers as a subsidiary of a new holding company in a different tax regime so as to enjoy beneficial tax laws. The investment opportunities available in the drugs industry are tremendous. The industry offers a wider base for the investment of 3%+ yielding equities that can offer financial strength and a high degree of safety. The drug industry does not fall in the upper half of the best performing sectors. A majority of the companies within the drug industry are ranked as average, these are companies like GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Pfizer. Other companies that are ranked below the average industry standard include AstraZeneca, Novartis and Eli Lilly. The companies...
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...Anti-Drug legislation Analysis Joe Lamb CJA/354 May 21, 2012 Lora Terrill Anti-Drug legislation Analysis The topic of paper will focus on the numerous anti-drug policies created by federal and state legislation. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between the various states will be compared with federal policy. An analysis will further be provided regarding the legalization or decriminalization of the drug marijuana and the possible impact legalizing drugs like marijuana could have on the federal, state, and local law enforcement, corrections, and society. In 1875, San Francisco was the first state to enact a ban that prohibited individuals from smoking opium. Unfortunately, the Act targeted mainly Chinese immigrants but was a leading factor to the creation of future antidrug laws. In 1914 the Harrison Act came into effect which required all medical professionals dealing in morphine, opium, and other substances to register with the federal government and pay an annual tax of one dollar. Any individual not registered and who were caught trafficking drugs could be punished with a fine of not more than two thousand dollars and serve up to five years in prison. Before the Heroin Maintenance Act was put into effect in 1920, individuals addicted to drugs could be treated at a clinic with medially prescribed Heroin. Studies conducted over time proved that the use of heroin to treat substance abuse was only causing further damage by prolonging one's addiction and delaying...
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...Winners and Losers In 1980 there were approximately fifty thousand people who had been held in custody for drug related crimes. Professionals have recommended that public officials should address issues such as cost and provision of substance abuse, dependence treatment, and the fight on “War on Drugs”. From the video on the “War on Drugs,” it is clear that legalizing drugs would have negative effects to our society such as people not wanting to go to work, rise in criminal activity and dependency and addicted to drugs. The prohibition of drugs has also impacted on public safety negatively. This is because of the crime that is involved with those that are drug dealers and users. Corruption Ronald Reagan led us to understand that drug use...
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...The NCAA said, "The NCAA offers the obligation of advancing a medication free sports environment with its part organizations to secure the strength of understudy competitors and protect reasonable rivalry (Drug Testing)." This is expressing that medication testing the competitors is making them a healthier individual furthermore playing with a superior execution. Being a competitor it is constantly vital be the healthiest you can be, particularly when you have to perform at your most abnormal amount. Is there any valid reason why this shouldn't happen for the lesser school (NJCAA) level...
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...Drug and alcohol rehab programs for adolescents are acuity aware of the needs of their clients. These specialized programs effectively adapt their treatment methods to ensure that each program participant’s recovery needs are met. Statistics show that 57% of the first time illegal drug users in 2010 were less than eighteen years of age. The need for early treatment is imperative during the adolescent’s younger years because rates of substance use nearly doubles in young adults between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five. Recovery from teen drug addiction is best handled by alcohol and drug rehab programs specializing in adolescents. These programs use expert medical and mental health professionals to assist in the rehabilitation process...
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...Prescription drug abuse is becoming more problematic in today’s society. So problematic, that Healthy People 2020 created an initiative, SA-19, to help decrease non-medical prescription drug abuse (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “n.d.”). To better help understand the problem of prescription drug abuse, one must explore related concepts. This paper will analyze the related concept of dependence. Prescription drug abuse may lead to dependence. Dependence can be applied to other disciplines. Understanding dependence better to help decrease this incidence may in turn decrease prescription drug abuse. Concept analysis is meant to help define the concept so that everyone shares a common language (Walker & Avant, 2005). According...
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...Anti-drug Legislation Analysis Criminal Law CJA/354 Anti-drug Legislation Analysis Prohibiting and reducing illegal drug trade is a policy of the anti-drug legislation of laws and polices discouraging any distributing, producing, and the consumption of substances. The students’ paper will focus on the federal and state legislation of marijuana. The student will compare and contrast similarities, and differences among the states of Arizona and California. The student will discuss current laws of each state and examine the proposition of legalization of marijuana. In addition the student will review the impact of legislation change at different levels of the current war on drugs in both the federal and state. The student will assess how legalization will affect asset forfeiture and if would be worthwhile. Starting in the United States of America in 1875 the city of San Francisco enacted a statute that prevented smoking opium (Schmalleger, 2010, p. 384). States quick to follow, the enactment of the Harrison Act in 1914 through medical professional was a requirement of the federal government to register and pay one dollar per year on the tax (Schmalleger, 2010 p. 384). Drug trafficking dealers not registered faced the penalty of prison time of five years and up to a fine of two thousand dollars (Schmalleger, 2010, p. 384). In 1920 the legal availability of heroin came to a halt as the courts considered heroin a prolonged addiction therefore as medical treatment was not qualified...
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...Prescription Drug Use “According to results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an estimated 2.1 million Americans used prescription drugs nonmedically for the first time within the past year, which averages to approximately 5,750 initiates per day.” said by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Many people with depression or a mental illness mistreat drugs and abuse them. Some people get the drugs from the doctor and others from people who are actually prescribed with the drugs. The effects of the drugs will cause more problems than it would help. People have misuse prescription drugs when they are depressed and/or mental illnesses. The author is using a personal story to connect to the readers. In an article about drug...
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...The intensity of drug addiction rehabilitation required by different addicts will vary according to the severity of their addictions. When addicts admit themselves, or are forcibly admitted, to drug addiction rehabilitation facilities, their physical conditions are evaluated so that an appropriate treatment can be determined. There are different drug addiction rehabilitation programs designed to treat the different levels of addiction. Outpatient Treatment and Detox There are, at the lowest level of drug addiction rehabilitation, intervention and short duration programs, which do not involve any physical treatment. They include court-ordered attendance at classes on the dangers of driving while intoxicated or visits to rehab units for teens caught using drugs or alcohol who has not yet become addicts. They are designed to steer...
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...A Brief Analysis: The Historic Drug Store William Murphy Lakewood College Abstract This paper explores the article, “The Historic Drugstore,” published by the William A. Soderland, Sr. Pharmacy Museum, sponsored by Soderlund Village Drug that examines the evolution of the American drug store with particular emphasis on the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The pharmacy museum is located at Soderlund Village Drug in downtown St. Peter, Minnesota and provides a unique perspective about the history of the drug store. A Brief Analysis: The Historic Drug Store The drug store, as we know it today, is quite uniquely an American concept. According to Soderlund Village Drug (2004), beyond offering traditional pharmaceutical goods, drug stores were a driving force for community action, social gastronomies and related human interactions. Explained in great detail by Joseph Fink (2012), during the early 1800's a group of concerned Philadelphia based apothecaries met to discuss the declining trade environment and ways to enhance scientific standards to protect public safety and welfare, as well as to provide improved competency levels of training for apprentices and students within the industry. The result of this meeting was the establishment of the first college to train pharmacists in the United States known as the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and a prescient foretelling of changes to come. There are two main contenders in the first drugstore in America game. The first claim is...
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...SWOT Analysis in Drug Store Industry Treasure Womack PHL/ 320 July 13, 2015 Howard Kersey SWOT Analysis in Drug Store Industry The drugs store industry has several capabilities. Most consumers have at least the occasional need to shop at a retail drug store. The retail drug store industry consists of neighborhood pharmacies, large drug store chains and supermarkets or general retailers with drug store departments. Competition within the industry is strong as retailers adapt to changing trends in the market and seek to retain customers. Drug stores face several critical issues. Low margins on prescription drugs may push drug stores to expand front store merchandise sales where they compete with discount stores or into related businesses such as Pharmacy Benefit Management. The problem also arises in regulatory pressure to contain drug store prices. The continuing rise in prescription drugs costs has encouraged proposals to control drug prices either through legislation or the formation of large public buyer groups that can negotiate lower prices with drug suppliers. Controls in drug store prices have cut drug store margins. The increase in the number of widely used drugs moving from prescription to over-the-counter (OTC) status proved to be another problematic area for the drug store industry. In the U.S., 106 ingredients in more than 700 widely used medicines have moved from prescription to OTC in the past 30 years; this has completely changed the pharmacy role in categories...
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...States addicted to alcohol or drugs (“Abuse, National Institute on Drug”). However, only about eleven percent of these people will seek treatment; the remaining eight-nine percent of people continue their lives with this incurable disease. There are various reasons why they are not being treated, some are unable to afford the cost, some lack the support and family and friends and others are still in the state of denial. In the book Clean by Amy Read, the Documentary, Russell Brand from Addiction to Recovery and the short story, “A Counselor’s Personal Narrative on Drug Addiction,” by Lauren Armstrong express that until society accepts that addiction is a serious disease, the...
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...Porter’s Five Forces analysis 1) Bargaining power of suppliers Who are suppliers? –chemical companies that manufacture ingredients for the drugs, companies that manufacture any packaging/packaging materials for drugs, employees that supply labour: • Many suppliers available in most cases • Resources supplied not scarce in most cases • Switching cost to another supplier low • Supplied product not typically differentiated • Supplier forward integration not a threat (small supplier cannot take over large drug company) • Customers are large in a consolidated pharma industry (drug industry has been seeing lots of mergers and acquisitions in recent years so drug companies tend to be very large) LOW Power of suppliers based on above. 2) Bargaining power of buyers Who are buyers? In this case buyers would be Doctors and Hospitals (look at the drug industry’s sales force, they service DRs and hospitals, as drugs need to be prescribed, they can’t just be purchased over the counter) • Many small buyers (lots of Doctor’s offices in most areas, maybe a few larger hospitals) • Each purchases a small proportion of industry output • Buyer backward integration not a threat (a Doctor or hospital is not going to take over a drug company) • Relatively few manufacturing firms due to industry consolidation • Few substitutes (alternative medicine, lifestyle changes are possible options in some cases, but if you need drugs for diabetes no real substitute for this outside...
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...Although this article “Gender differences in prison-based drug treatment participation." Is a study of adult males and females I felt that this gives a bit more of an opening to show that not only juveniles are not participating in drug programs, but that adults are not likely to accept drug treatment. This article kind of does the same research as “Gender differences in Juvenile Arrestees’ drug use, self-reported dependence, and perceived need for treatment” with showing the women are more likely to have drug dependency due to the abuse they suffered when they were younger compared to their counterparts males (Belenko and Houser 2012, 791). This article makes a claim that despite the need for most inmates to get into a drug program is not...
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