...USA V. VISA U.S.A. INC., VISA INTERNATIONAL CORP., AND MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATED In 1998 USA filed a complaint against Visa and MasterCard re their dual governance and exclusionary rules of combinations and conspiracy in restraint of trade. (DOJ, 1998) Essay Plan My motivation for choosing the abovementioned case comes from my interest in the financial services market, its regulations and their implications on consumers. This case is attention-grabbing, not solely due to the remedy, but also due to the implications it has on domestic and international markets. It also gives the opportunity to analyse the controversy of vertical exclusionary restraints (Whinston, 2006). When analysing the Visa-MasterCard case, there are two main ‘economic-schools-of-thought’ to be considered. Chicago School(CS) dismisses vertical exclusionary contracts as an anti-competitive tool. While, Post-Chicago School(PCS) offers an opposing explanation by suggesting different models to rationalise anti-competitive behaviour using vertical restrictions. Both schools build their models under the assumption of first-mover advantage and the monopoly power of an incumbent firm. (Motta, 2004) Using the CS in this case, we could assume that Visa and MasterCard are the combined incumbent on the market, due to their cooperative actions. The banks are the buyers and AmericanExpress is the potential new entrant. It could be assumed that AmericanExpress is a new entrant for the market of issuing...
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...recent death of a well know actor who was prescribed Prozac. The FDA has asked us to provide data that we have on the clinical studies. This is going to be very messy and we will have to be very careful about what is said and written from this point on. Our attorneys will be dealing with the litigation side in addition to the outside law firm that has an excellent reputation on Mass Torts. It is very likely that we will be sued and it could take years to resolve this. My plan is to do as much damage control as possible before we have every person that ever took Prozac calling attorneys to sue. Please do not have any conversations over the phone with reporters who are trying to get a scoop. All inquiries should be directed to the litigation department. We will be coordinating with the IT department so that the news releases and social media, such as Facebook and Twitter are all about putting the best information we have out there. We need to have all the sales reps start contacting with the medical personnel to advise them of the situation and how we intend to downplay these negative effects that everyone will start to have now that this has come to light. We will continue to advertise the other drugs in the same category as Prozac, the SSRI’s, without any mention of being in the same class as Prozac. We have our customer service reps that will handle the calls coming into the company and we will have to make sure they are well rehearsed on their comments. Anybody that...
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...individual experimenting with drugs for the very first time. According to National data 2.5 million youths in America have misused or abused prescription drugs in their lifetime, reporting that one in five high school students have at least taken one prescription painkillers without a doctor’s prescription during adolescence, More disturbing yet, is the fact that they 47% of adolescents admit getting their drugs from their own medicine cabinets at home, and nearly two-thirds of youths aged 12–17 who abused pain medications admit to having received them from friends or family members. Experts say youths are in greater danger of ingesting unfamiliar or unidentified pills when sharing...
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...Drug abuse is a rising issue in our world. It has made its way into our homes, our schools, our jobs, and is taking over our state. Workplace drug abuse is on the rise. “According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) 68.9 percent of all drug users are employed and active in the workplace.” (www.drugabuse.com, n.d.) To say this statistic is shocking, would be putting it mildly. What can be done about it? Where can we turn? What’s the first step to controlling drug abuse in the workplace? Drug abuse in our jobs is dangerous for the employer and the employees and can cost an employer a large amount of money. I believe that the best thing employers can do to reduce their risk and their employees risk is set up programs that can help the individuals deal with their issues, institute drug testing to lessen the amount of employees you may have that are doing drugs, and educate themselves with...
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...at a young age. But what separates them was what their family's expectations were and there plans for the future. For example, the author Wes was sent to military school after his mother found out about his wrongdoings. While Wes Moore was going into drugs even after his mother found out. She didn't send him military school because they couldn't afford it. So the best thing she could do was tell him to quit. Wes Moore and Author Wes Moore were similar in some ways like getting into trouble when they were young. The author Wes Moore got in trouble from displaying graffiti with his friend: “I never wanted another person to have control over my body gain”(Moore 75). The other Wes Moore started drug dealing like his brother Tony. Secondly, they similarly had the absence...
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...over-prescription, particularly of pain medications known as opioids. Coincidentally, the opioid is not the only drug being abused and overly prescribed. Antidepressants, stimulants, and tranquilizers fall into this category; just to mention a few. The increase in prescriptions of these medications has been linked to the frequency of abuse (Chen et al., 2014). According to the latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health provided by the Substance...
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...A personal bias I possess is against people that use illegal drugs that includes heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and methamphetamines and club drugs. I am often blinded by how I stereotype this people of being poor, uneducated, and filthy. Some illegal drug users can be just the opposite: middle class to the wealthy, educated, and clean. I believe doing illegal drugs are wrong and that no good can come from them but that does not interfere with the care I give a patient. As is the case in other professions, personal bias is a common occurrence in nursing. Recently, I worked with a friend who displayed personal bias when dealing with pregnant women. In some cases, these women came seeking advice on abortion, but my colleague had difficulty...
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...care about his son and want the best for him. The sons name is Ali, and one day Ali starts to behave odd. He begins to sell out his stuff, and things that he once loved, that now did not interested him anymore. Parvez becomes very concerned, but he do not know who he can talk to with out feeling ashamed. One day Parvez tell his colleagues out of desperation, about how his son drastic has changed. His colleagues are convinced that Ali, was become a drug addict, and he was selling his stuff, to afford more drugs. As a taxi driver Parvez often, pick up prostitutes late at night. Parvez met the prostitute Betina 3 years ago, and she had been driving with him since. One night Parvez decides to share his troubles with Betina, to heare if she also really thinks that his son is as drug addict. Betina calms Parvez down, and wrights down some symptoms he should be aware of. The next day Parvez observe his son very carefully, to see if there would be any signs of drugs passing through Ali veins, luckily it turns out that Ali is not a drug addict, but a pretty healthy boy. But Parvez does not stop observing his boy, he begins to spy and listen by the door, and soon he found out that his son become a muslim. Parvez decides to take a day of, and go out with Ali to talk things through. But unfortunately it did not went as Parvez hoped. Parvez likes to get a drink or two, but Ali despise it, and every time Parvez would take a zip, he would look at his father with a face full of disgust...
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...The film I chose to watch and discuss within my paper was, Prescription for Change: Ending America’s Opioid Crisis. This film was a documentary about the Opioid Crisis in America. That being said, the theme of the movie was that, America is facing an opioid epidemic; therefore, America needs to focus on the rehabilitation of substance abusers. The film goes on to make a point that there are not enough treatment options and that the individuals who are seeking treatment, are having difficulties in doing so. The film goes on to discuss further, how America is facing a drug crisis, but it is not the illegal drugs that are the biggest issues, it is the prescription drugs. The film even provides statistics on how big of an issue prescription medications are when it comes to substance abuse....
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...lack of parental support towards the learners education, poor socio-economic backgrounds of parents and gangsterism and drugs which influence the learners outlook towards education as a whole. There are also school-related factors associated to learning difficulties and underachievement which include inadequate staffing, poor school management, underqualified teachers and other unprofessional behaviors of teachers. (De Villiers, 1997). Among these the most common and significant barriers relating to learners underachievement in our schools/community are gangsterism and drugs. Learners are constantly influenced by gangs to join them and thereby partake in the distribution and use of drugs. This has a negative impact on their education and results in violence at schools, disruptive behavior and ultimately underachievement. Learners often come to school “high” on their drug of choice and disrupts the classroom and displays aggression towards teachers and peers. To help alleviate this problem schools should implement a drug policy and support structure to help those addicted to drugs. The policy should be structured in such a way to identify those individuals addicted and provide support to aid them in their recovery. It should also involve the parents and educate them to help monitor their addiction. Those suspected of drug use should be taken for a urinal drug test on the school premises which should be monitored by an appointed individual. Once the results are obtained and indicates...
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...problem that touches many families in today’s society. In Madison County Alabama the use of alcohol and drugs is a growing problem in all age groups, especially in the younger generation. Working in a large emergency department nurses and doctors are seeing more drug abuse victims and dealing with patients who are addicted is a huge challenge for most health care professionals. In the emergency department at Huntsville Hospital where 250 to 400 patients are seen daily, many of the patients seen are addicted to some type of mind altering substance. “According to the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and health, more than eight million people in the U.S. are current users of prescription drugs for non-medical purposes” (Alabama Department of Public Health, n.d.). This is a staggering number considering this does not include illicit street drugs. Drug use is growing for several reasons including the state of the economy, different mental disorders, and abusive or unhappy personal lives. Addicts know that an easy place to obtain their fix is to come in the emergency department and complain of some type of pain because the longer the addict is using, often higher doses of the drug may be required. “Individuals who become addicted to psychoactive substances typically experience relatively less pleasure in response to drug use over time, but their craving for and loss of control over drugs increase” (Durrant, Adamson, Todd, & Sellman, 2009, p. 1050). As a beginning nurse in the emergency...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...Millions of people are addicted to drugs and alcohol; thousands upon thousands of those people die every year due to drugs and alcohol. The trouble usually begins at a young age. A girl named Savannah first started taking drugs when she was only ten years old. Both of her parents were drug addicts, and her mom was the one who got her started with drugs and alcohol. She would constantly use drugs: taking pills, smoking marijuana, and drinking completely excessive amounts of alcohol. She talks about how her life changed when she went to The Phoenix House to recover from her addictions. After incredibly hard work, she has fought her addiction. Savannah is looking forward to the rest of her life, hopefully with no drugs or alcohol. With full optimism,...
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...should know that we as our nation is facing this epidemic. Drug abuse is huge problem in many countries. Billions of dollars are spent trying to preventing drug use, treating addicts, and fighting drug-related crime. Drug abuse causes multiple problems for countries and communities. The medical and psychological effects are very obvious. Addicts cannot function as normal members of society. They neglect or abuse their families, and eventually require expensive treatment or hospitalization. Jesse Heffernan is a Certified Recovery Coach. He is a creative, imaginative, forward-thinking, advocate. He is also in recovery. (Cook Alicia 8/2008) “He pretty much used whatever he could get his hands on, and he admitted that “Crack was the bottoming...
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...Research Task: Trade Barrier and Corruption by Panida Vesakha-Vahrinth The similar concern for all countries being considered for a new market entry is the issue dealing with IPR. Additionally, the rules and regulations for foreign manufacturers for these countries often causes delay in registering new pharmaceutical products in order to provide the local manufacturer maximized domestic opportunity. These rules and regulations include additional inspections of the products that are arguably unnecessary, the costly applications for required permits and license to sale such products, and the product specification requirements that do not applied to the domestic manufacturer (See Exhibit A for further details). According to the Corruption Perception Index provided by Transparency International, the selected countries can be ranked according to the CPI 2010 scores as follow: Canada, Chile, Turkey, China, and India (Exhibit B). The five countries with the highest CPI scores show some culture similarities. All but Singapore receive high score in the IDV category. Singapore, on the other hand, is most influenced by the PDI dimension (Exhibit D). The top five countries have high economic freedom and all but Singapore, score highly on the political freedom scale. These countries also have significantly higher GPD/capital in PPP in comparison to the five countries with the lowest CPI score. The top five countries also have high trade volume in relative to the country’s GDP and have...
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