...Republic of the Philippines CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES Metro Manila Second Regular Session Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-fifth day of July, nineteen hundred and eighty-eight [ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6675 ] AN ACT TO PROMOTE, REQUIRE AND ENSURE THE PRODUCTION OF AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, USE AND ACCEPTANCE OF DRUGS AND MEDICINES IDENTIFIED BY THEIR GENERIC NAMES Be it enacted by the Senate and House Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Title – This Act shall be known as the Generics Act of 1988 SECTION 2. Statement of Policy – It is hereby declared the policy of the State: To promote, encourage and require the use of generic terminology in the importation, manufacture, distribution, marketing, advertising and promotion, prescription and dispensing of drugs; To ensure the adequate supply of drugs with generic names at the lowest possible cost and endeavor to make them available for free to indigent patients; To encourage the extensive use of drugs with generic names through a rational system of procurement and distribution; To emphasize the scientific basis for the use of drugs, in order that health professionals may become more aware and cognizant of their therapeutic effectiveness; and To promote drug safety by minimizing duplication in medications and/or use of drugs with potentially adverse drug interactions. SECTION 3. Definition of Terms – The following terms are herein defined for purposes of this Act: (1) "Generic...
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...Children in crime: Cracks in the country's juvenile justice system By: Annie Ruth C. Sabangan, InterAksyon.com Oct.9, 2011..www.interaksyon.com/article/14780/children-in-crime-cracks-in-the-countrys-juvenile-justice-system MANILA, Philippines – How do you make criminals out of children? Put them in areas where they won’t be able to meet their basic needs for food, water, shelter, health care, education and sanitation. Strip them of their rights to develop and maintain a life of dignity so that they’ll grow up uneducated and unemployed. Mire them in places where there is no solution to despair and destitution. In the Philippines, where the plight of majority of the poor remains largely unaddressed, many places become breeding grounds for youth offenders. While many of these children were able to rise from the rut---proving that poverty isn’t a justifiable excuse for committing crime--thousands of other juveniles have failed to get out of the trap and are forced to break the law primarily to survive. At the Center for Restorative Activities Development and Learning Experiences (CRADLE) in Camp Bagong Diwa, Bicutan, Taguig City, most of the 74 male children aged 15 and above who are accused of crimes come from poor families, mostly from depressed areas in Paranaque, Pasig, Muntinlupa, Valenzuela, San Juan, and Malabon. The place is run by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. “Pinakamaraming kaso ng mga...
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...CONSUMER HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES Euromonitor International May 2013 CONSUMER HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES Passport I LIST OF CONTENTS AND TABLES Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 1 Consumer Health Sees Moderate Growth in 2012 ................................................................... 1 Filipinos Evolve To Become More Health Conscious ............................................................... 1 United Laboratories Strengthens Its Foothold in the Market ..................................................... 1 Parapharmacies/drugstores Remains the Major Channel for Consumer Health ...................... 1 Consumer Health To See Positive Growth in Medium Term .................................................... 1 Key Trends and Developments .................................................................................................... 2 Generics Gains More Attention ................................................................................................. 2 Manufacturers Invest in New Product Formats ......................................................................... 3 Manufacturers’ Promotional Campaigns Strengthen Their Foothold ........................................ 4 New Product Variants Cater To Faster-paced Lifestyles .......................................................... 5 Social Media Nurtures Better Manufacturer/consumer...
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...Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines STS 1 - X GROUP 16 STS 1 - X GROUP 16 Mitigation and adaptation measures to HIV/AIDS in the Philippines ------------------------------------------------- Factolerin, M., Mantala, C.J., Bernardo, M.C., Villa, A., Navarro, A.J., Ausa, E., Obiña, M.L., Velarde, E., Bernabe, M., Lusanta, A., & Bolanos, J. I. Introduction Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pattern of devastating infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmitted through the exchange of a variety of body fluids from infected individuals. It occurs in three ways: sexual transmission, exposure to infected blood or blood products, or perinatal transmission, which includes breastfeeding. The likelihood for transmission is affected by social, cultural, and environmental factors that differ between and within the various regions, countries, and continents. This virus attacks and destroys certain white blood cells that are essential to the body’s immune system (UNAIDS, 2000). When HIV infects a cell, it combines with that cell's genetic material and may lie inactive for years. Most people infected with HIV are still healthy and can live for years with no symptoms or only minor illnesses. They might be infected with HIV, but this does not necessarily mean that they have AIDS. HIV targets CD4+ lymphocytes that help recognize and destroy bacteria, viruses...
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...HIV in Philippines HIV (Human immune deficiency syndrome) is the causing factor for the sexually transmitted disease AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).HIV virus makes the Immune System weakened that result in making the body suspect able and vulnerable to many diseases. When the immune System is weakened the body becomes vulnerable to make diseases. (UNAIDS 2012). The HIV epidemic in the Philippines has been rapidly changing in the past 5 years. The first case of HIV in the Philippines was reported in 1984. During the 30 year time span, the HIV situation has been constantly growing although the prevalence remains well under 1%, at a low 0.04%. The government is trying its level best to make AIDS extinct through education and prevention. Moreover, the cases of HIV are increasing at an exponential rate, so there is a need to give serious attention to the problem. From one new case every three days in year 2000, to one new case every three hours by the end of 2011 (UNAIDS 2012). Those who engage in risky behaviors such as, performing unprotected sex with several partners or intravenous drug users are at risk the most and can possible result in death. Number of infections old and new While the number of cases of HIV has declined substantially in many areas in the world, countries like the Philippines are experiencing the opposite. According to UNAIDS 2012 there were approximately 15,000 people living with HIV. The Philippines is one of the only two countries in Asia...
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...Camille Denise D. Nucum TFN 1NU03 Sir Dela Cruz “ The Role of Volunteer Nurses in the present Philippine health care situation” First question is why do nurses volunteer? a volunteer is someone who works for a community or for the benefit of the environment, primarily because they choose to do so.” Im likely see that this definition closely matches why I chose nursing in the first place. There are some reasons why nurses do this voluntarily and without their profits involve only just for the sake of having experience serve as imparting knowledges to other people. These are the main reasons:Using your skills to help others. Nurses often have specialized skills and knowledge that can benefit a wide array of people. To keep the resume going. If you lose your job or are just starting out as a nurse, what better way to improve your resume than serving others? If you are a new nurse, a volunteer opportunity offers the "experience" that hiring personnel are looking for. A sense of self. I can think of no better feeling of satisfaction than helping others each day. To make a positive impact on the community as a whole, To demonstrate to your children the importance of giving to others. Further, theres` a lot of opportunities available for nurses alike, Peace Corps/Missionary Work, Mentorship to a nursing student, School Nurse, Hospice, Nursing Home, and Volunteer to teach classes with community help organizations (Alcoholic Anonymous, abuse victim...
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...act! “Addiction isn’t about using drugs. It’s about what the drug does to your life.” says Enock Maregesi. Despite the fact that drug abuse is a social drift, the government should implement a more fostering tactic towards drug users to lessen influence on drug abuse. According to Esplanada, the Philippines has the highest rate of drug users in East Asia. He also stated that 2.1% of Filipinos aged 16-24 years old are under the influence of metamphetamine hydrochloride, also known as shabu. Because of this, the government implemented several laws to lessen drug users. According to Republic Act 9165 of 2002, “It is the policy of the State to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being...” (www.lawphil.net). On the contrary, implementation of these laws is somehow neglected by the citizens which leads to an increase in the number of drug users. They continuously use drugs which sometimes lead to chaos among the citizens because of unlawful acts. Therefore, the government must implement more stringent laws to prevent drug abuse and addiction. They are responsible for the welfare of the people especially in these circumstances because the society’s actions may affect the operation and administration of other laws. It is their duty to protect the citizens from harmful effects caused by prohibited drugs. In addition to that, the government...
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...Vicente Castelo Sotto III (born August 24, 1948 in Manila, Philippines), also known as Tito Sotto, is an actor, comedian, musician, television presenter, and politician in the Philippines. He served two terms in the Senate, from 1992 to 2004; he is reelected in the Senate in 2010. Sotto is the brother of Marvic (Vic), Marcelino (Maru), and Valmar (Val) Sotto and a grandson and grandnephew of former Senators (Vicente Y. Sotto and Filemon Sotto). Vicente C. Sotto III, or “Tito” to many, was born on August 24, 1948, to Marcelino Ojeda Sotto and Dr. Herminia Castelo Sotto, who was a staunch women's rights activist and the first Medical Commissioner of Workmen's Compensation Commission and President Emeritus of the Kababaihang Rizalista ng Pilipinas. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree majoring in English at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He embarked in an Executive Program for Leaders in Development at the Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government that he completed in June 2000. He is married to Ms. Helen Gamboa of Pampanga, a beauty titlist and multi-awarded actress and singer. They have four children: Romina, Diorella, Gian and Ciara and two grandsons Romino and Victorio. A very well-versed actor but not a politician. Prior to his entry into public service, Senator Sotto was a well-known composer, actor and musical artist. He was a prime mover in the irreversible trend toward the popularity of the Filipino singers and local compositions during the 1970s...
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...War on Drugs and Criminal Law Howard R. Burke Strayer University Abstract This research will point out that the United States’ current policy on drug prohibition, the so called “War on Drugs,” is ineffective. The current draconian prohibition policies against drug consumption may actually increase their use. As well, contrary to claims made by current drug policy supporters, increased drug enforcement can reduce public safety and compound the individual and social costs of drug use. The U.S. drug policy, born over a hundred years ago, has gone through several transformations becoming more voracious with each new invocation. The War on Drugs is an expensive and failed concept which has incorporated racism in its administration, increased crime rates, imposed harsh sentences for nonviolent offenses, facilitated police corruption and aggressively eroded civil liberties. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Introduction to the Problem Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Research Research Questions Significance of the Research Assumptions and Limitations Organization of the Remainder of the Study LITERATURE REVIEW CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Marijuana Legalization: The War on Drugs and Criminal Law INTRODUCTION The United States has conducted a long experiment of drug prohibition. The prohibition of marijuana and other illicit drugs has only increased their use, abuse...
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...------------------------------------------------- Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic Act No. 9165 is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 1858 and House Bill No. 4433. It was enacted and passed by the Senate of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 30, 2002 and May 29, 2002, respectively. It was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January 23, 2002. This Act repealed the Republic Act No. 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as amended, and providing funds for its implementation. Under this Act, the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) remains as the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in planning and formulation of policies and program on drug prevention and control. It also created the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) under the Office of the President, which serves as the implementing arm of the DDB, shall be responsible for the efficient and effective ambt...law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals as provided in this Act. Article II Unlawful Acts and Penalties • Section 4 –Importation of Dangerous Drugs (a) Administer. – Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person, with or without his/her knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of committing any act of indispensable assistance to a person in administering a dangerous drug to himself/herself unless administered...
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...Activity #2 1. Do you think the Philippine government is going enough to improve the drug scenario in the country? Explain your answer. No. There are still young people who does not follow the law given by our government. They still don’t have care to their family, to the point that they became very poor. Even when they did not have enough money to buy what they need. Just for the sake of their own happiness, they will take it . 2. How can education help improve the drug scenario in the Philippines? Education have a big role in helping to prevent people to use and take illegal drugs. It can help so much because it can give some insights to the youth. Youth will surely know what will happen to them if they use it. That it can’t help their lives but it will just destroy their lives. 3. What can young people like you, do to help improve the drug scenario in the Philippines? Youth plays an important role in preventing substance abuse. Like me, they can also help. They can also invites their friends and participate in sports activities, attend career fairs, Saturday night service which they can also know who really are God is. There are so many things to prevent not just what I’ve said. It can help you and people around you. Activity #3 ACTIVITIES | HEALTH DIMENSION | 1. Find healthy ways to cope with stress 2. Seek counselling 3. Maintain a lifestyle that makes you happy 4. Have things in your life that you can care deeply about 5. Have...
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...about the causes and effects resulted by the use of hallucinogens. I. Hallucinogens A. Description/Definition of Hallucinogens B. Examples of Hallucinogens II. Reasons For the Use of Hallucinogens A. For Medical Use B. For Other Use III. Effects of Use of Hallucinogens A. Beneficial Effects 1. Physical Effects 2. Mental Effects B. Harmful Effects 1. Physical Effects 2. Mental Effects IV. Laws and Sanctions in Prohibiting the Use of Hallucinogens A. Republic Act No. 7394 B. Republic Act No. 6425 C. Republic Act No. 9165. CONCLUSION Hallucinogens are not all bad. It has good effect to the body and it can be also used in human medication and veterinary setting but should be taken in enough amount/dosage. They usually are in form of crystalline powder in its pure state. INTRODUCTION Drug addiction is common problem to the different parts of the world. In Filipino community, news on the television and radio says about the PDEA (Philippine Drug) or other government agencies that concerns about drug and health executed a drug raid or clearing to a barangay, house or etc. Hallucinogens are used in medication and intoxication in some countries specifically in Asia long before. Yet many parts at the world would strongly consider hallucinogen as an illegal substance. The probable reason for the use of these substances is the pleasure sensation given by the drug to its user. Users would say that hallucinogen...
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...Tuberculosis in the Philippines Plaridel B. Quileza HCS 330 – Introduction to Health and Disease Trends University of Phoenix January 12, 2009 Mr. Peter Mabrey Tuberculosis in the Philippines Introduction Many underdeveloped countries of the world, like the Philippines, experience incidence of tuberculosis at a rate that is only relative to the corresponding efforts of the government and its medical department. Although the Philippine government continues to march towards reducing TB incidence in the urban areas through easier access to care, another population lives in rural areas where healthcare is seldom spoken, if ever. The people who live there are poor and financially handicapped; they need the most help and soon. In support, country like the United States is actively making collaborative efforts and offers wide range of support to the TB identification, prevention, and treatment programs in the Philippines. Several agencies, including United States Agency for International Development (USAID), continue to have its strong presence in the TB prevention program in the Philippines. Agent of disease TB is short for tuberculosis. TB disease is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis or tubercle bacillus. It is an ancient, worldwide disease, sometimes acute, more often chronic. The bacillus has been found in Egyptian mummies from 4000 B.C. In 1993, World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB its first ever “global emergency...
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...also: Capital punishment for drug trafficking Drug trafficking is widely regarded by lawmakers as a serious offense around the world. Penalties often depend on the type of drug (and its classification in the country into which it is being trafficked), the quantity trafficked, where the drugs are sold and how they are distributed. If the drugs are sold to underage people, then the penalties for trafficking may be harsher than in other circumstances. Drug smuggling carries severe penalties in many countries. Sentencing may include lengthy periods of incarceration, flogging and even the death penalty (in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and elsewhere). In December 2005, Van Tuong Nguyen, a 25 year old Australian drug smuggler, was hanged in Singapore after being convicted in March 2004. In 2010, two people were sentenced to death in Malaysia for trafficking 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of cannabis into the country.[19] Execution is mostly used as a deterrent, and many have called upon much more effective measures to be taken by countries to tackle drug trafficking,[20] such as for example targeting specific criminal organisations (which are often also active in the smuggling of other goods (i.e. wildlife) and even people. In some cases, even links between politicians and the criminal organisations have been proven to exist. Effects of the illegal drug trade on societies The countries of drug production and transit are some of the most affected by the drug trade, though countries receiving...
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...Informative Speech “Wide-spread used of prohibited drugs lead teenagers to a deteriorated future.” Good Morning. Thanks for the chance that has been given to me. The honorable Ms. Jessel Hernandez and to all the young generation that are present here. Ladies and Gentlemen, I am here in front to inform you about the harmful effects of drugs on our society. Thousands of young mans have wasted their lives because of illegal drugs in our country, Philippines. They were mostly victims of a cruel environment, a broken-home family, of ignorance, of curiosity or particularly of the illegal drugs mafia. According to National Survey on Drug Use and Health it is estimated that around 4 million people in Philippines are illegal drug users – about one in every 50 Filipino. In the capital city of Manila, it is estimated that three out of ten young people are users. A study by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) showed that around four percent of illegal drug users in the country are teenagers under 20 years old. Two out of ten users are involved in illegal trafficking. Some teenagers start being involved in producing and trafficking drugs between the ages of 13 and 15. Chairman of the National Institute on Drug Abuse said that the country’s illegal drug users include around 7,000 junior high school students, over 10,000 senior high school students and about 800 elementary school students. There are five commonly used drugs in the Philippines, and these are: rugby/solvents, cough Syrups...
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