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Drugs and Substances

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• WADA- world anti-doping agency
When there is reason to believe that some one is using drugs you can inform agencies like WADA and they can choose to investigate.
• Prohibited drugs that are banned in the use of sports
• WADA is responsible to update (updated annually) & maintain this list
• Some are only banned during the sports but are allowed after such as an inhaler
• In order for a drug to be prohibited, the substance has to meet at least two of these three criteria:
- the potential for enhanced performance
- the potential for being detrimental to health
- violation of the spirit of the sport

• in some cases the athlete could have pre existing medical conditions. In this case they can apply to their International Federation for a Therapeutic Use Exemption, which must be verified by their physician. In order to be accepted the following must be true:
- the athlete would suffer significant health problems if they do not take the medication
- there is no suitable alternative which is not listed
- there are no considerable performance enhancing benefits

• substances that are banned at ALL times (including training and during):
- anabolic steroids (increase protein to build up cellular tissue) including THG—why? To make them stronger. It will give strength to a certain point then after that they are building not making more, they are no longer making strength but just building size.
- Hormones (a chemical released by one or more cells that affects cells in one or more parts of the organism) including: o Erythropoietin (EPO) o Human growth hormone (hGH) o Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) o Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) o Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Beta-2-Agonists (cause smooth muscles to relax)
- Hormone Antagonist and modulators (to decrease the amount of estrogen in the body or block the estrogen receptors)
- Diuretics (causes a person to “lose water”. It’s a fast waste removal.)

• Methods banned at ALL times
- enhancement of oxygen transfer including: o Blood doping o Artificial oxygen carriers
- Chemical and physical manipulation including: o Tampering with samples o Intravenous infusion
- Gene doping (athletes would modify their genes to perform better in sport)

• Substances banned in competition:
- stimulants (stimulate the body mentally and physically) including: o amphetamines o ephedra o cocaine o caffeine (currently permitted)
- narcotics (“pain killers” that have sleep-including properties) o morphine and heroin
- cannabinoids (cause the feeling of relaxation) o hashish & marijuana
- glucocorticosteroids (anti-inflammatory drug)

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