...Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Duchene Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disorder that is distinguished by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. This genetic disorder is cause by an absence of Dystrophin . The onset of symptoms begin early in childhood between the age of three and five. This disease primarily affects males, but in some rare cases it has also affected females. What are the symptoms? As early as three the signs of muscle weakness begin to appear. The first muscles to be affected are the hips, pelvic area, thighs, and shoulders. Later on the voluntary skeletal muscles in the arms, legs, and trunk areas are affected. The calves of those affected are usually enlarged. The heart and respiratory system are affected beginning...
Words: 431 - Pages: 2
...Anatomy and Physiology 2, SCI 136 Research project # 40904000 Muscular Dystrophy Definition Muscular dystrophy (MD) refers to a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles used during voluntary movement. The word dystrophy is derived from the Greek dys, which means "difficult" or "faulty," and troph, or "nourish." These disorders vary in age of onset, severity, and pattern of affected muscles. All forms of MD grow worse as muscles progressively degenerate and weaken. Many patients eventually lose the ability to walk (“National Institute,” 2011). Some types of MD also affect the heart, gastrointestinal system, endocrine glands, spine, eyes, brain, and other organs. Respiratory and cardiac diseases may occur, and some patients may develop a swallowing disorder. MD is not contagious and cannot be brought on by injury or activity (“National Institute,” 2011). Method(s) of diagnosis Muscular dystrophies are diagnosed through both the patient’s medical history and a complete family history to determine if the muscle disease is secondary to a disease affecting other tissues or organs or is an inherited condition. It is also important to rule out any muscle weakness resulting from prior surgery, exposure to toxins, current medications that may affect the patient's functional status, and any acquired muscle diseases. Thorough clinical and neurological exams can rule out disorders of the central and/or...
Words: 3859 - Pages: 16
...Title: differences in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level. Patient Care Scenario Barbara Doherty Grand Canyon University: NRS-430-O102 September 21, 2014 Differences in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level. Patient Care Scenario “BSN- prepared nurse have a positive impact on lowering mortality rate.” (Tourangeau et. al. , 2007 p.6). As the health care industry is constantly evolving at a fast pace, education is with no doubt one of the most influential aspect that nurses have to conquer to be able to give the best patient care. This paper will argue with solid evidence-based research the differences in educational preparation between a Baccalaureate degree nurse, BSN, and an associate degree nurse, ADN. Different approaches in decision making and patient care will be explained, using a clinical situation, amongst a BSN nurse and ADN nurse showing that BSN nurses make better decisions concerning patient care. Associate Degree Nursing and Baccalaureate Degree Nursing There are three possibilities to become a registered nurse and those are: a 3- year diploma, a 3-year associate degree, which is the equivalent of an ADN degree, and a 4-year baccalaureate degree which is the equivalent of a BSN degree. The ADN program was created by Mildred Montag due to scarcity on nurses. Mildred created a new type of nurse as she explained it...
Words: 1414 - Pages: 6
...is increased. Technology is involved in every facet of our lives. It is used continuously every day whether it be waking up to an alarm clock, watching TV that you recorded on a digital video recorder, brushing your teeth with a mechanical toothbrush, or using your GPS navigation system when going to your latest vacation destination. The latest technology has made it possible for people to communicate with others all over the world in both audio and video formats. Scientists are continuously looking for ways to make living easier and more productive. They are looking for solutions to world hunger, new medical advances to cure cancer and other diseases plaguing the world, and ways to make our society a healthier place to live. In this research paper, we will be discussing Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) and their contributions to these causes. We will be examining the history, political, moral, ethical, and many other ways that GMOs have influenced everyday living. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)...
Words: 12380 - Pages: 50
...Walter Glannon: Genes, Embryos, and Future People Bioethics, 02699702, Jul98, Vol. 12, Issue 3 ABSTRACT: Testing embryonic cells for genetic abnormalities gives us the capacity to predict whether and to what extent people will exist with disease and disability. Moreover, the freezing of embryos for long periods of time enables us to alter the length of a normal human lifespan. After highlighting the shortcomings of somatic-cell gene therapy and germ-line genetic alteration, I argue that the testing and selective termination of genetically defective embryos is the only medically and morally defensible way to prevent the existence of people with severe disability, pain and suffering that make their lives not worth living for them on the whole. In addition, I consider the possible harmful effects on children born from frozen embryos after the deaths of their biological parents, or when their parents are at an advanced age. I also explore whether embryos have moral status and whether the prospects for disease-preventing genetic alteration can justify long-term cryopreservation of embryos. INTRODUCTION Recent advances in reproductive biotechnology have given us the ability to intervene in the process of human biological development from embryos to people. One type of intervention is the testing of embryos for genetic defects that cause disease, which enables us to choose between allowing these embryos to result in disabled people or selectively terminating...
Words: 11455 - Pages: 46
...Chapter 1: Student Characteristics Understand Characteristics of Students with Disabilities Some students with disabilities pass through typical developmental milestones and express skills within an average range for their age group. Others show delayed growth at certain developmental milestones, and many students with disabilities experience challenges as they navigate through the school curriculum. It is critical that special education teachers know how to differentiate between typical individual differences among children without disabilities and differences that may indicate a disability that requires interventions and/or specialized designed instruction. In addition, special education teachers need to know the most common types of disabilities that students may experience and how those disabilities affect their ability to learn and their behavior in the classroom. Competency 1 thus focuses on the characteristics of typical and atypical human growth and development and the characteristics of students with various disabilities that special education teachers are likely to encounter. The test includes a wide range of multiple-choice questions that address Competency 1. * Questions on typical and atypical behaviors and abilities for children and adolescents at particular ages. * Questions on the types and characteristics of various disabilities. * Questions on the similarities and differences among students with and without disabilities. This competency encompasses...
Words: 37727 - Pages: 151
...All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, Julie. Encyclopedia of human body systems / Julie McDowell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–39175–0 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Encyclopedias. I. Title. QP11.M33 2011 612.003—dc22 2010021682 ISBN: 978–0–313–39175–0 EISBN: 978–0–313–39176–7 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Contents VOLUME ONE About the Editor and Contributors, vii Introduction, ix CHAPTER 1 The Building Blocks of the Human Body, 1 Julie McDowell CHAPTER 2 The Circulatory System, 23 Leslie Mertz CHAPTER 3 The Digestive System, 85...
Words: 218741 - Pages: 875
...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
Words: 177674 - Pages: 711
...Answers to Conceptual Integrated Science End-of-Chapter Questions Chapter 1: About Science Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 1 The era of modern science in the 16th century was launched when Galileo Galilei revived the Copernican view of the heliocentric universe, using experiments to study nature’s behavior. 2 In Conceptual Integrated Science, we believe that focusing on math too early is a poor substitute forconcepts. 3 We mean that it must be capable of being proved wrong. 4 Nonscientific hypotheses may be perfectly reasonable; they are nonscientific only because they are not falsifiable—there is no test for possible wrongness. 5 Galileo showed the falseness of Aristotle’s claim with a single experiment—dropping heavy and lightobjects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 6 A scientific fact is something that competent observers can observe and agree to be true; a hypothesis is an explanation or answer that is capable of being proved wrong; a law is a hypothesis that has been tested over and over and not contradicted; a theory is a synthesis of facts and well-tested hypotheses. 7 In everyday speech, a theory is the same as a hypothesis—a statement that hasn’t been tested. 8 Theories grow stronger and more precise as they evolve to include new information. 9 The term supernatural literally means “above nature.” Science works within nature, not above it. 10 They rely on subjective personal experience and do not lead to testable hypotheses. They lie outside...
Words: 81827 - Pages: 328
...AirAsia Berhad (284669-W) Annual Report 2010 Annual Report 2010 welcome on board. AirAsiA BerhAd AnnuAl report 2010 A Promise mAde, A Pledge KePt When AirAsiA stArted out As A loW-cost Airline in 2002, We pledged to mAke Air trAvel AffordAble for everybody. todAy, nine yeArs doWn our corporAte journey, We knoW We hAve kept to our initiAl promise. in october 2010, we flew our 100 millionth guest, a young, newly married indonesian housewife who was going to visit her husband working in india. Just as we made her travel dream come true, we are delighted to have done the same for more than 100 million guests. We have kept our fares down thanks to our disciplined focus on keeping our operating costs the lowest among the world’s airlines. We offer a million free tickets every year. While enabling everyone to fly, we are also connecting people to places that were never connected by air before. We have achieved our Vision of being the largest low-cost airline in Asia, serving those who previously had no access nor the means to enjoy air travel. We have done this by staying close to our Mission of: • • • being the best company to work for, treating each Allstar as a member of our extended AirAsia family creating a globally recognised ASEAN brand maintaining the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce costs and enhance service levels Central to our promise is our great team of Allstars who have proven time and again that hard work, creativity,...
Words: 67418 - Pages: 270
...AirAsia Berhad (284669-W) Annual Report 2010 Annual Report 2010 welcome on board. AirAsiA BerhAd AnnuAl report 2010 A Promise mAde, A Pledge KePt When AirAsiA stArted out As A loW-cost Airline in 2002, We pledged to mAke Air trAvel AffordAble for everybody. todAy, nine yeArs doWn our corporAte journey, We knoW We hAve kept to our initiAl promise. in october 2010, we flew our 100 millionth guest, a young, newly married indonesian housewife who was going to visit her husband working in india. Just as we made her travel dream come true, we are delighted to have done the same for more than 100 million guests. We have kept our fares down thanks to our disciplined focus on keeping our operating costs the lowest among the world’s airlines. We offer a million free tickets every year. While enabling everyone to fly, we are also connecting people to places that were never connected by air before. We have achieved our Vision of being the largest low-cost airline in Asia, serving those who previously had no access nor the means to enjoy air travel. We have done this by staying close to our Mission of: • • • being the best company to work for, treating each Allstar as a member of our extended AirAsia family creating a globally recognised ASEAN brand maintaining the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce costs and enhance service levels Central to our promise is our great team of Allstars who have proven time and again that hard work, creativity,...
Words: 67418 - Pages: 270
...AirAsia Berhad (284669-W) Annual Report 2010 Annual Report 2010 welcome on board. AirAsiA BerhAd AnnuAl report 2010 A Promise mAde, A Pledge KePt When AirAsiA stArted out As A loW-cost Airline in 2002, We pledged to mAke Air trAvel AffordAble for everybody. todAy, nine yeArs doWn our corporAte journey, We knoW We hAve kept to our initiAl promise. in october 2010, we flew our 100 millionth guest, a young, newly married indonesian housewife who was going to visit her husband working in india. Just as we made her travel dream come true, we are delighted to have done the same for more than 100 million guests. We have kept our fares down thanks to our disciplined focus on keeping our operating costs the lowest among the world’s airlines. We offer a million free tickets every year. While enabling everyone to fly, we are also connecting people to places that were never connected by air before. We have achieved our Vision of being the largest low-cost airline in Asia, serving those who previously had no access nor the means to enjoy air travel. We have done this by staying close to our Mission of: • • • being the best company to work for, treating each Allstar as a member of our extended AirAsia family creating a globally recognised ASEAN brand maintaining the highest quality product, embracing technology to reduce costs and enhance service levels Central to our promise is our great team of Allstars who have proven time and again that hard work, creativity,...
Words: 68088 - Pages: 273