...1. Why historically, has the soft drink industry been so profitable? An industry analysis through Five Forces Model reveals that the market forces are favorable for the profitability: a. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Since the primary inputs for CSD industry are sugar, sweeteners, color and packaging (bottles and cans), the suppliers of these raw materials have less bargaining power against the concentrate producers (CPs) and bottlers. i. Sugar: Sugar can be obtained from various sources on an open market and if price of sugar increases, the cola companies can easily switch to low price artificial sweeteners or high-fructose corn syrup. Though aspartame, used in diet beverages, gained the bargaining power for time-being while it was under patent protection ii. Cans: With abundant supply of inexpensive aluminum in early 1990s, several can companies competed for the contracts. These can suppliers had the little bargaining power in controlling the prices. Concentrate Producers (CPs) further negotiated on behalf of bottlers, reducing the number of suppliers. By 2009, only Ball, Rexam, Crown Cork & Steal were major can suppliers. iii. Plastic Bottles: Again there were more plastic bottle suppliers than the contracts, so direct negotiation by CPs reduced their bargaining power. b. Bargaining Power of Buyers: The distribution of CSDs took place through five principal channels: Supermarkets (29.1%), fountain outlets (23.1%), vending machines (12.5%), mass merchandisers (16.7%)...
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...Economics of the US Carbonated Soft Drink (CSD) Industry • • • Americans consumed 23 gallons of CSDs annually in 1970 Consumption grew by 3% per year over the next 3 decades Increasing availability of CSDs and introduction of diet and flavored varieties Non-cola CSDs were introduced • Production & Distribution of CSD 1. 2. 3. 4. Concentrate producers Bottlers Retail channels Suppliers 1. Concentrate Producer • • • • • • Blended raw material ingredients, packaged the mixture, shipped those container to the bottler Key production investment areas like machinery, overhead and labor A typical manufacturing plant cost - $25 million to $50 million Customer Development Agreements (CDA) with retailers like Wal-Mart Significant costs were spent for advertising, promotion, market research Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola claimed a combined 74.8% of the U.S. CSD market in sales volume in 2004 2. Bottlers • • Purchased concentrate Added carbonated water and high-fructose corn syrup Bottled or canned the resulting CSD product Delivered it to customer account • • 2. Bottlers • • Bottling process is capital intensive. Packaging accounted for 40% to 45% of cost of sales and same for concentrate and sweeteners for 5% to 10%. Coke and Pepsi bottlers offered “direct store door” delivery. Under Cooperative merchandizing agreements retailers agreed to promotional activities for sales of soft drinks • • 3. Retail Channels In 2004, distribution of...
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...income, this study also looks at hourly wage data, which is a more precise measure as the earnings data series takes into account the price of labour as well as quantity (i.e. individuals’ work/leisure preferences). This study looks at the variables of race, highest achieved level of education as well as age to examine the existence of a wage gap. Like other studies, we have found that males have a higher wage in each of these areas, with females earning an average of 80 – 87% of the males’ average. Furthermore, we have examined the existence and size of a wage gap in three industries; law, nursing and the education industry. Finally, we looked at the Canadian gender-based wage gap statistics compared to International gender-based wage gap statistics. We deduced that there is, indeed, a wage gap in each of the mentioned industries, and can be partially attributed to human capital theory and occupational segmentation theory, however, a substantial portion of the gap remains unexplained. 2. General Existence of Gender-Based Wage Differentials in Canada The existence of gender based wage differentials in North America have been well documented for decades. Although female-male wage ratios have closed significantly since the mid 1980s, progress in wage equalization has seen some stabilization in recent years. Many past studies on wage differentials in Canada, including Statistic’s Canada’s “Income Trends in Canada” report, use male and female annual earnings data as opposed to hourly...
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...and Overview The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola) was first established in 1886 by Dr. John Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. Initially distributed at Jacobs’ Pharmacy for five cents a glass, the fledgling company sold just nine glasses of Coca-Cola a day for the first year (Coca-Cola, 2013). By 1891, Atlanta businessman Asa Candler, a prolific salesman, acquired the rights to the business for $2300; and as the company’s first president, his vision to transform Coca-Cola from an invention into a national brand was set in motion. He immediately recognized the potential of the new company and began to implement the marketing strategy that propelled Coca-Cola to its current standing as the world’s leading manufacturer in the beverage industry producing over 500 brands in over 200 countries with an estimated 1.8 billion servings consumed per day all over the world (Coca-Cola, 2013). Candler initially gave away coupons for complimentary first tastes, and outfitted distributing pharmacies with clocks, urns, calendars, and apothecary scales bearing the same red and white Coca-Cola script brand that remains as the world’s number one brand to this day (Coca-Cola, 2013). People saw the Coca-Cola brand everywhere, and by 1895, Candler had built syrup plants in Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles. In 1899, music hall performer Hilda Clark was hired as Coca-Cola’s first celebrity spokesperson. Known as the Coca-Cola Girl, her image was featured on all things Coca-Cola from 1899 to 1903...
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...MUM Drinking Water 1 Group Members (MKT 465.Section-10) Name ID Farjana Akter Pinki 1210749030 Nowrin Binta Ali 1310137030 Abdul kuddus Ratan 1230100030 Sumayea Mahjabin Sivana 1310055630 A.K.M.Mustansir Billah Fuad 1211236030 Prepared For Israt Jahan Linda (IJL) LECTURER NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY DATE: 4th December, 2015 2 Serial No Content 01 Introduction, Brand audit objectives, scope, and approach 02 Background about the brand (self-analysis) 03 Background about the industry 04 Consumer analysis 05 Brand inventory 06 Elements, current marketing programs 07 POPs, PODs 08 Branding strategies 09 Brand portfolio analysis 10 Competitors’ brand inventory 11 SWOT analysis 12 Brand exploratory 13 Brand associations, Mental Map 14 Brand positioning analysis 15 Consumer perceptions analysis (vs. competition 16 The Customer-based Brand Equity Pyramid (CBBE) 17 Summary of competitor analysis 18 Brand equity evaluation 19 Strategic brand management recommendations and 20 conclusion 3 A brand audit is a thorough examination of a brand’s current position in the market compared to its competitors and a review of its effectiveness. It helps you determine the strength of the brand together with its weaknesses or inconsistencies and opportunities for improvement and new developments. A brand audit is effectively...
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...Table of Content 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 IN- DEPTH EVALUATION OF AIRASIA 3 2.1 Strategic Objectives of AirAsia. 3 Table 1: Objective evaluations of AirAsia 3 2.2 Strategic fit of Air Asia. 4 3.0 COMPETITIVE SITUATION 5 Table 2 AirAsia and its competitors’ profile 5 4.0 MARKET POTENTIAL & MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS 8 Table 3: Market attractiveness from a macro perspective 8 Table 4: Market attractiveness from a micro perspective 9 Table 5: Porter’s Five Forces for AirAsia 9 5.0 SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING ANALYSIS 11 5.1 Market Segmentation 11 Table 6: Market Segmentation of AirAsia 11 5.2 Target Market Profile 14 Table 7: Target Market Profile of AirAsia 14 5.3 Positioning 15 Figure 1: AirAsia’s Perceptual Map 15 6.0 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS 17 7.0 INTERNAL CAPABILITIES & CORE COMPETENCIES 19 Table 8: Comparison of Malaysia’s Top Players in Low Cost Carriers’ Marketing Program 20 9.0 FINANCIAL AND MARKETING EVALUATION OF AIRASIA 23 9.1 Evaluation of AirAsia’s financial status using 2007 and 2008 annual reports 23 Table 9 : AirAsia’s financial status in 2007 and 2008 23 9.2 Financial Evaluation for AirAsia as compared to Malaysia Airline [MAS]. 24 Table 10 : AirAsia’s financial status as compared to MAS in 2007 and 2008 24 9.3 Marketing Metrics 25 Table 11: Marketing metrics 25 10.0 PROBLEM IDENTIFIED AND THE ALTERNATIVES 25 11.0 REFERENCE LIST 27 1.0 INTRODUCTION AirAsia is a low cost carrier...
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...Strategic Choice and Evaluation A multi-domestic strategy is defined as “a multi- domestic corporation that views itself as a collection of relatively independent operating subsidiaries each of which focuses on a specific market” (Miltenburg, 2009, p.7). The Coca Cola Corporation adopts the multi- domestic strategy. Coca Cola manufactures all products independently in each country depending on the external and internal environments of each country. Coca Cola must develop their strategies based on the nature of the culture, status, and people in each country. The factors that must be identified in order for Coca Cola to realize growth are value disciplines, the generic strategies, and the grand strategy. Value disciplines The value discipline model created by Michael Treacy and Fred Wierruna describes three alternative approaches to the generic strategy. Michael and Fred “believe that strategies must center on delivering superior customer value through one of the three value disciplines” (Pearson & Robinson, 2011, p. 185). The value disciplines are operational excellence, customer intimacy, or product leadership (Pearson & Robinson, 2011). Operational excellence is accomplished by a focus on lean and efficient systems, cost efficiency, and convenience so that consumes are provided with products they require at a minimum cost. Customer intimate corporations focus on establishing a long-term relationship with consumers through a focus on products or services. Product...
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...MM522: Marketing Management Marketing Plan: Third Draft Professor: Randall Livingston Eric Bediako Lokko (D03320168) Springfield, Virginia ebediakolokko@my.keller.edu 703-677-5847 December 2nd, 2011 1.0 Executive Summary EBL to Go is a new medium size restaurant eatery that will be located in the busy neighborhood of Fairfax and Midtown area of Fairfax, Virginia. EBL to Go emphasis will be on preparing freshly made meals on a daily basis using naturally grown to organically produce products. The décor will be an upscale restaurant with distinct menus that will include authentic, freshly produce ingredients coming straight from the farm. These facilities will include a fifty people capacity eating area, deli/kitchen with a counter for take out, pick up, and check-out; also public restrooms will be available. These areas are in need of a warm and friendly place giving a home like feeling with the quality of foods we are planning to offer. The place where people are confident they will be getting nothing but the best. EBL to Go will be the answer to an increasing demand for a healthier eating lifestyle. The deli will serve freshly prepared salads, sandwiches, specialty fruit drinks and picnic lunches when ordered. All the recipes used in the deli and the eatery will be prepared daily by our on staff dietician in different categories of caloric measurements starting from 1,000 to a high of 1,600 to fit the customer’s needs. Our menus will be of...
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...integrated marketing communication Philip J. Kitchen and Inga Burgmann INTRODUCTION Integrated marketing communication (IMC) emerged during the late twentieth century and its importance has been growing ever since (Grove, Carlson, and Dorsch, 2002; Cornelissen, 2001; Hartley and Pickton, 1999). Owing to the impact of information technology, changes came about in the domains of marketing and marketing communications which led to the emergence of IMC (Kitchen et al., 2004a; Phelps and Johnson, 1996; Duncan and Everett, 1993). The multiplication of media, demassification of consumer markets, and the value of the Internet in today’s society are just three of the areas in which technological innovation has impacted (Pilotta et al., 2004; Peltier, Schibrowsky, and Schultz, 2003; Reid, 2003; Lawrence, Garber, and Dotson, 2002; Fill, 2001; Low, 2000; Hutton, 1996). This in turn left marketers in a challenging and competitive environment, trying to fulfil customers wants and needs while also developing long-term relationships with them. IMC can help in creating coordinated and consistent messages across various channels of communication. Furthermore, the concept is especially valuable in that it places great emphasis on the importance of all stakeholder groups and, in particular, on customer loyalty, which can only be created through strategic relationship building (Jin, 2003/2004; Cornelissen, 2000; Eagle and Kitchen, 2000; Pickton and Hartley, 1998; Miller and Rose, 1994). To date...
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...The Authors Călin Gurău, GSCM-Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the particularities of integrated marketing communication (IMC) in the online environment. Design/methodology/approach – Both secondary and primary data (face-to-face interviews with 29 marketing or communication managers of UK online consumer retail firms) are analysed in order to identify the various meanings of the integrated online marketing communication, the opportunities and challenges raised by online communication, and the structure of an efficient integrated online marketing communication system. Findings – The transparency, interactivity and memory of the internet force the organisation to adopt a proactive-reactive attitude in online communication, and to combine consistency and continuity with flexibility and customisation. Research limitations/implications – The number of interviews used to collect primary data is relatively small; the use of the information collected is general and unstructured; and the findings are applicable only to online customer product retailers. Practical implications – The messages sent by the company to its online audiences have to be transformed/adapted in a three-stage process. Originality/value – The paper identifies the specific opportunities and challenges raised by the internet for integrated marketing communication, and proposes an original model for the adaptation of online...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1363-254X.htm Integrated online marketing communication: implementation and management ˘ ˘ Calin Gurau GSCM-Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the particularities of integrated marketing communication (IMC) in the online environment. Design/methodology/approach – Both secondary and primary data (face-to-face interviews with 29 marketing or communication managers of UK online consumer retail firms) are analysed in order to identify the various meanings of the integrated online marketing communication, the opportunities and challenges raised by online communication, and the structure of an efficient integrated online marketing communication system. Findings – The transparency, interactivity and memory of the internet force the organisation to adopt a proactive-reactive attitude in online communication, and to combine consistency and continuity with flexibility and customisation. Research limitations/implications – The number of interviews used to collect primary data is relatively small; the use of the information collected is general and unstructured; and the findings are applicable only to online customer product retailers. Practical implications – The messages sent by the company to its online audiences have to be transformed/adapted in a three-stage process. Originality/value – The paper identifies the specific...
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...Processing Industry Marketing Essay Print Download Reference This Reddit This Essay writing open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Share Tweet Essay writing Dissertation writing Assignment writing Marking & Proofreading All services Place an Order Get a Quote About UK Essays Fair use policy Essay help Referencing guides All free resources The Analysis Of Food Processing Industry Marketing Essay 1.0 Introduction A strategic management process like strategy analysis, strategy formulation, and strategy implementation are important for an organization. (Anthony H,2008) 2.0 Strategy Analysis Macro-environment can act as an analysis which provide early warning system for organizations to anticipate threats, opportunities, and develop appropriate responses (Ginter and Duncan,1990) in the discerning trends in general environment which may impact upon its industry and markets. Strategy analysis can make organization to focus on factors and conditions which influence a firm's profitability within an industry and focus on predicting the dynamics of competitor's actions, responses and intentions. (Anthony H,2008) This tool of analysis will discuss about PEST framework, Porter's Five forces framework and SWOT analysis for BreadTalk in BreadTalk Group Ltd. open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com 2.1.0 Analysis of food processing industry 2.1.1 PEST...
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...CONTENT PAGES 1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………2 About the product…………………………………………………….………….2 2.1 Company background…………………………….………………….....7 2.2 Business process and operation…………………..………………….9 2.3 Low cost carrier (lcc) business model……………….………………11 2.4.1 Business model……………………………………………...11 2.4 Competitive Advantages …………………………..…………………..12 2.5 Historical Performance………………………………..……………….13 2.0 ANALYTICAL SWOT ANALYSIS……………………………….……………..18 3.0 PRODUCT ANALYSIS…………………………………………….……………21 4.6 The product Life Cycle (PLC)………………………………....………21 4.0 STRATEGIS AND TACTICS………………………………………..………….24 5.0 SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING ANALYSIS 6.7 Market Segmentation………………………………………..………….26 6.8 Target Market Profile……………………………………………………30 6.9 Positioning………………………………………………………….…….32 6.0 MARKETING STRATEGIES AND EVALUATION OF MARKET PROGRAM ELEMENTS………………………………………………………………………..33 Refferences…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….36 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY a. Introduction of the product Name of the company: Air Asia Berhad ABOUT THE PRODUCT Air Asia is a low cost airline based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It operates scheduled domestic and international flights and is Asia’s largest low fare, no frills airlines. Air Asia pioneered low cost travelling in Asia. It is also the first airline in the region to implement fully ticketless travel and unassigned seats. Its main base...
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...through some non structured questionnaire. The limitations to get the proper information were Time barriers, Intension to not disclose the information Rules and regulation etc. The vision of the company is to remain as the benchmark in the Paint industry. being an innovative and technology driven Company consistently delivering world-class products ensuring best consumer satisfaction through continuous value added services provided by highly professional and committed team. Their mission is to increase the turnover by 100% in the next five years and remaining socially committed ethical company. Production of paints and coatings is the core business of Berger. Berger produce a wide range of paints including decorative/architectural paints, industrial coatings, marine paints and powder coatings. Berger paints Bangladesh LTD operates its business in a competitive environment with both local and multi-national organizations. At present the company holds 55% market share where as the rest of 45%market share holds by the other multi-national and local companies. It’s clearly indicated that Berger paints Bangladesh Ltd is in the leading position among all other competitors in the paints industry .The majors participant of the paints industry are ;...
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...DEPARTMENT OF MARKETING AND BUSINESS ECONOMICS ALBERTA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS International Marketing MARK 644 - X50, Winter 2015 Instructor: Edy Wong, PhD Office: BUS 3 – 21B Phone: 780 492 8137 Email: edy@ualberta.ca Office Hours: By appointment Class Location: Business B 9 Class Times: Wednesday, 6:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. Course Duration: January 7th to April 8th, 2015 I. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is designed to provide students with an understanding of how marketing principles and strategy must be adapted to the international business environment and how an effective international marketing strategy should be formulated. Topics for the course include an overview of the global business environment, influence of culture on consumer preferences and marketing strategy, effects of socio-economic and political factors on market analysis and marketing strategy, techniques of competitive analysis, logistical and supply chain considerations, and relevant government regulations on international trade. The learning strategy for this course will be based on a combination of class lectures, group discussions and presentations, and a group paper. Students are encouraged to contribute to the learning process by drawing on their professional and business experience in class discussions and projects. Learning outcomes in this course will include an understanding of the principles of international marketing, an appreciation of the relevance of politics, culture...
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