...Consumer rights and duties Consumerism, what is? Consumerism is the protection of the rights and interests of the general pool of buyers, or an obsession with buying material goods or items. Consumer Rights * Right to satisfaction of basic needs: The consumer has the right to goods and services to ensure their survival: adequate food, clothing, adequate housing, health care, education and sanitation. * The right to protection of health and physical safety: Life, health and consumer physical security can’t be compromised by the goods and services at our disposal. * Right to choose: Consumers should be able to choose products and services at competitive prices, with a satisfactory quality assurance. * Right to quality of goods and services: Goods and services must comply with quality requirements set by the law for each of them, fulfilling the purpose for which they are intended. * Right to training and education for consumption: The state should promote training activities, primarily integrated into school curricular and programs, creating consumer attitudes critical and selective. * Right to information for consumption: The supplier of goods and service are required to provide true and complete information to the consumer. In the case of goods and essential services, companies that operate on an exclusive basis has the obligation to inform in advance the consumer cuts or interruptions of supply, unless unforeseen cases. * Right to protection of...
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...STRENGTHS OF DENTOLOGY: Deontology is based on duties and rights and respects individuals as ends in themselves. It places value on the intentions of the individual (rather than the outcomes of any action) and focuses on rules, obligations and duties. Deontology requires absolute adherence to these obligations and acting from duty is viewed as acting ethically. The deontological thinkers tend to think about care delivered through a long term continuous relationship. To them breaking care up into smaller fragments is a denial of what caring is really about. They maintain equity and considers every individual equally and worthy of protection. Motivation is valued over consequences, which are beyond our control. An immoral motive cannot be justifies by unforeseen good consequences but a good motive is worthy of value. It provides guidelines for making moral decisions , without the need for lengthy calculation of possible outcomes. It recognises the value of moral absolutes that do not change with time or culture. Deontology sports a fair trial of right or wrong as it depends on a universally accepted morality approach. It also makes the philosopher study both sides of a situation without compromising the outcomes. WEAKNESS OF DENTOLOGY: Deontology: One of the key criticisms in healthcare is that applying a strictly deontological approach to healthcare can lead to conflicts of interest between equally entitled individuals which can be difficult or even seemingly impossible...
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...country was founded on (Cherry, 2007) adultery is believed to be morally unacceptable and thus makes the basis of the utilitarian approach to this discussion. The utilitarian theory is based on the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. This theory may hold true when speaking of adultery. I agree that adultery is wrong but do Tiger’s personal indiscretions warrant the abandonment of his endorsers. Was Tiger hired on the basis that he lived a moral life or because he is a great golfer? Now that Tiger Woods has made a public apology, does the belief that everyone deserves forgiveness prove to have priority over the condemnation of adultery? The utilitarian approach determines the greatest priority by the happiness level or consequences it produces. Since your happiness level is greater when influenced by positive behaviors, it is natural to assume the endorsers should reinstate Tiger. But is it realistic. No matter how much I want to believe that everyone in America would forgive and forget, I do know that the majority of people in today’s society are highly influenced by the press and tend to lean to the extreme side when we find that a person has flaws. So, is it ethical to punish...
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...desirable in the particular ethical complication. Secondly, there is consideration of the ethical conduct that will help in realizing the best of the consequences. An individual using this method of consequences framework has an aim of producing the most good. The Duty Framework The duty framework method of coming up with ethical decisions focuses on the obligations and duties that are usually posed in different situations. The method considers the ethical obligations that individuals have and the things that they should never do. The method defines ethical conduct as fulfilling one’s duties and doing what is right. The main aim of the method is performing the right act. Section 2: The Duty Framework Decision Making Process The duty framework is the more preferable of the two methods discussed above. Firstly, the method presents a solid ground for the formulation of decisions. Mainly, it is due to the fact that most moral duties are standardized and an expected course of action is present for most of the situations. As such, justification of a course of action would be easy. It very much unlike the consequential framework where different situations will have their decisions made upon the personalities of the individuals faced by the dilemma and the environment in which the particular situation is presented. Secondly, the duty framework would provide a...
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...faced with tough decisions day in and day out. There are many deciding factors that aid us in our decision making. One major factor is our moral judgment. Morality may differ from one individual to the next, but the desire to live by them remains the same. When obeying the law comes into play it does not inflict, by any means, whether this moralistic trait determines your duty nor does it dictate cause to obey the law. Your moral duty is loyal to your own wellbeing and what in your own mind is best for your own person. Even if what you are doing is to benefit others your own person is being satisfied, and yes in some cases this may involve not obeying the law. And in many cases whether you obey the law or not the law does not change. So therefore your obligation to it in reality has no value to it, only to yourself and your own wellbeing. The law will not suffer consequence if not obeyed only the one not obeying it. We obey the law out of rational thought not morality. If you are a licensed driver passing through a reduced speed zone in a school district you will slow down and not speed not out of moral duty, but out of rational thought that I may hit a kid if I drive too fast or I may get a ticket, but whatever...
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...that Dr. Do Right might have to deal with on a daily basis at the hospital. Discuss the duty of loyalty owed to each internal and external stakeholder. Dr. Do Right has a duty of loyalty to employees, society, and board of directors. Each duty of loyalty has its’ own significant meaning. Dr. Do Right signed a contractual agreement with Universal Human Health Hospital and took an oath to run the daily operations of the hospital, implement procedures and decisions made by the board of directors, and give updates and reports to the board members and shareholders about the financial status and daily operations of the organization. First of all, Dr. Do Right must communicate procedures, policies, and business goals to his management team. He must educate them on business changes, developmental opportunities, and all other vital information to help them to administer and communicate the organizations’ policies, expectations, and needs to lower level employees. Dr. Do Right must also display leadership qualities that are positive, respectful, and effective. This is his obligation to show that he is capable and responsible for a huge workforce. Secondly, Dr. Do Right has duty of loyalty to society. As Chief commanding officer of the hospital, Dr. Do Right must evaluate and oversee all daily operations of the hospital. He has an ethical duty to make sure all policies and procedures are in compliance with government regulations...
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...taken by students. Obviously, students are in trouble with these exams. The exams challengethem; as a consequence they get stressed out because they generally prepare for exams because of various excuses. Before anything else, they should overcome the stress stemmingfrom exams. Several factors have been proposed in order to combat stress. First of all, students should deal with procrastination because they do it excessively. Procrastination for students means putting off their studies to a later. They are responsible for exams which they have to study for regularly. Even though the condition in which they are is important, they should not give up studying because when they postpone studying, they think that it can be compensated in an appropriate time and the time is enough to deal with it. They are not aware of the deadline of the exams, yet the time flies. When the time is up, there is no consequence. In other words, they would not be able to study for the exam, so they feel depressed and they think that they will fail the exam because from that point on they cannot be able to do anything. To put everything aside; it is likely to overcome stress. But how can it be possible? Working systematically may streamline business. You should prepare a schedule that you will obey and each day of the week you should follow the chart and on the top of all, you should not postpone your duty. Secondly, families of students should be supportive so that students can overcome stress.Family...
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...HLT-305 Tuesday 26, 2014 * Went over class Thursday 28, 2014 Ethics * Is the study of rightness or wrongness of human deliberation, decision, and action * Such study assume that moral evaluations criteria exist above the level of individual human choice ( sheer relativism) * There is disagreement about the scope and nature of evaluative criteria Medical Ethics * Practical, deliberation process of addressing the rightness and wrongness of medical act * Involves question of what I ought to do or not as relates to the rightness or wrongness of particular actions * Involves questions of motives or intent Principles * A principles may be defined as a basic truth or general law or doctrine that is used as a basis of reasoning or a guide to action or behavior. Principlism * The Belmont report * Beauchamp and childress’ text The Georgetown mantra * The principles Beneficence * Doing the best of someone well being * It’s going to benefit the patient the some way * An obligations to help others further their important and legitimate interests * Paternalism- consists in the judgment that beneficence trumps autonomy Non-maleficence * Do no harm * We need to make sure were not doing harm to the patients, make the patient understand what treatment they are getting. That the harm is out weighted for benefits. * Respect for autonomy * Respect the choice of the patients, and protect the people who...
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...Mapping an Argument Steven Montesano CRT/205 11/17/12 Ann Armstrong The first article chosen was Abortion Is a Form of Genocide by Meredith Eugene Hunt. The issue in this article is “abortion as a form of genocide is accurate by historical and accepted standards of the word’s definition” (Abortion, 2010). I highlighted this as the issue because it includes everything the author is trying to prove to the reader. Hunt wants to make it known that she believes abortion is a form of genocide even though the parameters fit loosely. She also points to the fact that history has shown evidence of genocide, and she uses that history to show the similarities between genocide and abortion. Hunt is making an argument that is both deductive and inductive. In some cases she gives proof in her accusations of the terms abortion and genocide. On the other hand, at times she offers supporting information intended to sway the reader to her side of the argument. The first conclusion in the article is “abortion does not fit in perfectly with the original use” with the premise being “Hunt identifies the origin of the term “genocide” (Abortion, 2010). This is a valid deductive argument because the term genocide is factual and therefore abortion not fitting exactly into that definition can only be true. The next conclusion found was “abortion could have genocidal characteristics, but would not qualify as genocide legally”, and the premise is “unwanted preborn children as a group are...
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...Litigation Hold Notice Dear, Premier College The Department of Education has reason to believe that litigation may result from doctored test scores in order to receive funding from the state. This letter does not mean that you are you are guilty. Premier College is now under a legal duty to preserve all evidence, whether printed or electronic that might become relevant to this matter. Some of this information may be in your possession or control, and as a Premier College employee, you have a legal duty to preserve that information. The purpose of this letter is to explain to you what that obligation means. A team of Investigators known as Cheaters has been charged to manage this situation. and has identified the following information as being potentially relevant to the dispute. All scantrons from 2004-2014, test booklets from these years. That information may be located in: Faculty desk or locked cabinets’ and inside the principals office. You are required to take the following steps immediately to protect and preserve any of that information that is in your possession or under your control until further notice. Specifically, you will need to do the following immediately: 1. Suspend deletion, overwriting, or any other destruction of electronic information relevant to this dispute that is under your control. This includes electronic information wherever it is stored – at your GC work station, on a laptop, or at home. It includes all forms of electronic...
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...greater certainty of price and the contractor is involved from the earliest stage in planning design and programming. In consequence, the principal will need to accept a higher price for the contractor to take on this additional risk compared to more traditional construct only contracts. This paper will identify some issues for principals to consider when allocating design responsibility to contractors within a D&C project. These issues arise as the design and construct process involves a fundamental conflict of interest. Principals desire to have constructed a product of the best quality for the lowest possibly price. The contractor on the other hand is more likely to make a higher profit if the product is of a lower quality (and therefore cost) and a higher price (as opposed to costs). In addition, although a greater proportion of design risk is placed on the contractor, this passing of risk is often accompanied by the abrogation of responsibility and loss of control. The paper will refer to the approaches of 3 standard form contracts - AS 4300-95, AS 4902-00 and PC1-98 in dealing with these issues focussing on: 1 content of the design duty (this may be duty to achieve a specified result or satisfy particular criteria) and role of the principal’s project requirements (PPR); 2 level of design responsibility (such as an absolute duty or a lower duty of reasonable skill or care); 3 responsibility for prior design...
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...THREE ETHICAL APPROACHES BASED ON VIRTUE, DUTY AND CONSEQUENCE Three ethical approaches have evolved as the focus of those who study moral philosophy: virtue ethics, duty ethics and consequential ethics. Virtue ethics, associating ethics with personal habits, is associated with Aristotle. Duty ethics is associated with religious beliefs, although Kant tried to create a system of duties independent of belief in God. Consequential ethics is associated with the quest for rationalism during the Enlightenment, and especially with the Utilitarians. Virtue Ethics Plato and especially later Aristotle described moral behavior as “what the moral or virtuous person does.” The virtuous person develops a sense of right and wrong. This idea endures. We look to people we think of as ethical to give us advice on an ethical issue because such people have a sense of right and wrong. Aristotle tried to take the idea further, with less success. He thought that virtuous behavior meant people realizing their potential. He suggested that virtue was tied to moderation, a middle way between excess and deficiency. This idea is in practice not proven so helpful because where the midpoint is depends on where we put the extremes.[2] For example if an extreme drinker is someone who drinks six liters a day of vodka, then is three liters a day a moderate drinker? Markets operate without depending on the virtue of the business people who trade in them. But in practice ethical behavior is admired...
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...Key Features of Budget 2010-2011 CHALLENGES ! ! ! To quickly revert to the high GDP growth path of 9 per cent and then find the means to cross the ‘double digit growth barrier’. To harness economic growth to consolidate the recent gains in making development more inclusive. To address the weaknesses in government systems, structures and institutions at different levels of governance. OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMY ! India among the first few countries in the world to implement a broad-based counter-cyclic policy package to respond to the negative fallout of the global slowdown. The Advance Estimates for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth for 2009-10 pegged at 7.2 per cent. The final figure expected to be higher when the third and fourth quarter GDP estimates for 2009-10 become available. The growth rate in manufacturing sector in December 2009 was 18.5 per cent – the highest in the past two decades. A major concern during the second half of 2009-10 has been the emergence of double digit food inflation. Government has set in motion steps, in consultation with the State Chief Ministers, which should bring down the inflation in the next few months and ensure that there is better management of food security in the country. ! ! ! CONSOLIDATING GROWTH Fiscal Consolidation ! ! With recovery taking root, there is a need to review public spending, mobilise resources and gear them towards building the productivity of the economy. Fiscal policy shaped with reference to the recommendations...
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...Running Head: Peter Singer’s Beliefs 1 In reading his article “Famine, Affluence, and Morality” Peter Singer gives us a seemingly devastating critiques of our ordinary ways of thinking in regards to famine relief, charity, and morality in general. In the spite of this there are some very few people that have accepted, or at any rate acted on, the conclusions he has reached. In aspect of these facts one could possible say of Singer’s arguments, as Hume said of Berkeley’s arguments for immaterialism, that “ they admit of no answer and produce no conviction.” In which I believe that Singer’s considerations show that people should do what would be considerably more than most people would actually do, people do not establish Singer’s conclusions in their full strength or generality. So Singer’s arguments may admit to partial answers, and possibly once properly qualified may produce some conviction. In the article Singer argues that the people who live in affluent countries must radically change their way of life as well as their conception of morality, so that they will become committed to helping those that are in need. Singer begins by asking us to consider cases of famine, like that in Bengal in 1971, Singer argues that the majority of people have a moral obligation to donate all we can possibly to the famine relief, and seeing that the people were suffering tremendously and either the government nor the individuals was doing anything near what was required to help...
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...at 19:25 Date & Time of Removal of Goods 23-Aug-2014 at 1955 Mode/Terms of Payment Dated 23-Aug-2014 Dated 23-Aug-2014 Dated Despatch Document No. Destination Delhi Motor Vehicle No. VAT TIN : 07766906454 CST No. : 07766906454 Excise Regn No. : AAHCP4632MEM001 Buyer (if other than consignee) Premium Graphite Pvt Ltd F-26R,First Floor, Kalkaji, New Delhi-110019 VAT TIN : 07766906454 CST No. : 07766906454 AAHCP4632MEM001 Excise Regn No. : Sl No. 1 No. & Kind of Pkgs. 1 Description of Goods Machined Graphite Components Cavity Ele Hse266159 C008_d Excise Duty 12% ( Output) Education Cess 2% (Output) S & H Edu.Cess 1% (Output) CST @ 2.0 % Against Form"C" (8,207.00) 60 Days Tariff / HSN Classification 38019000 Quantity 1 pcs Rate 7,304.00 per pcs Amount 7,304.00 12 2 1 2 % % % % 876.00 18.00 9.00 164.00 Total Amount Chargeable (in words) : INR Eight Thousand Three Hundred Seventy One Only Amount of Duty (in words) : INR Eight Hundred Seventy Six Only Amount of Cess (in words) : INR Twenty Seven Only 1 pcs 8,371.00 Form to Receive : C Form Dt: VAT Declaration : We declare that this invoice shows the actual price of the...
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