...8.0 Experimental Results Basis: 1kg= 1L 8.1 DRY RUN Steam pressure(psig) | 42 | Steam condensate(kg/s) | 0.00083 | Table (8.1):Experimental data obtained from dry run Table(): shows the mass of steam condensed per second at 42 psig obtained during the dry run (no recirculating liquor) these data along with the latent heat of vaporisation were used to calculate the rate of heat loss from the calandria. Heat loss calculation Time taken to fill 250ml for 5minutes=300seconds Sd=0.25/300=0.00083L/s = 0.00083Kg/s 42psig=3.89bar Calculation 42psig=(42/14.5)+1=3.89bar Latent heat of vaporisation at 3.89bar =2141.79kj/kg Qlost=0.00083*2141.79= 1.785KJ/s Subsequent runs with recirculating liquor Parameter measured | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Run 4 | W(L/s) | 0.89 | 0.89 | 1.25 | 0.89 | S (L/s) | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0.013 | 0.0097 | R(L/min) | 100.5 | 65.5 | 55.5 | 55.5 | V(L/s) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00894 | 0.0076 | Pressure (psig) | 42 | 42 | 42 | 30 | T1 0C | 11.4 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 11.2 | T2 0C | 19.4 | 18.7 | 15.2 | 15.5 | T3 0C | 100.2 | 100.3 | 90.7 | 99.4 | T5 0C | 100.1 | 98.3 | 90.3 | 96.9 | T6 0C | 101.7 | 101.6 | 93.7 | 100.5 | T7 0C | 19 | 19.3 | 17.2 | 17.9 | Table (8.2):Experimental data obtained from runs with recirculating liquor. Symbol | Parameters represented | T1 | Cooling water inlet | T2 | Cooling water outlet | T3 | Vapour | T5 | Weak liquor inlet | T6 | Liquor Calandria inlet | T7 | Liquor Calandria outlet | W | Cooling water | S | Steam condensate |...
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...PROCESS SAFETY AND LOSS PREVENTION ASSIGNMENT INTRODUCTION TO HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT (CPE6001 Part 1) September 2011 1. Discuss the form in which risk predictions may be presented, including numerical values, and indicate the way in which these may be used by chemical plant managers and safety authorities to judge the acceptability of a particular chemical plant activity. Explain the philosophy underlying acceptability criteria, justifying any numerical values used, and discuss the issues which you would consider in applying acceptability criteria in developing and developed countries. (30 marks) 2. Figure 1 shows a schematic layout of the safety cooling system for the AP1000 pressurised water nuclear reactor. Figure 1. The reactor system is contained within a 'passive cooling' containment vessel (Figure 2) which is intended to provide natural and permanent cooling in the event of a loss of cooling event in the reactor loop. Figure 2 Containment vessel for AP1000 cooling A comprehensive description of the overall system is provided by Schulz (1) and is available on the University Mole system for CPE6001. A brief description of the safety cooling system would comprise the following : The safety system incorporates four sources of passive water management following a loss of coolant accident : - two accumulator vessels (ACC) provide high flow for several minutes - two core make-up tanks (CMT)provide moderately high flow for a longer period - an in-containment...
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...‡§√◊ËÕߪ√—∫Õ“°“» ç·§‡√’¬√åé 07TD Series Water Cooled Condensing Unit Nominal Cooling Range 1-5 Tons World's No.1 Air Conditioning Expert www.carrier.co.th 07TD Series 07TD water cooled condensing unit is small, compact and use a minimum of water. Each unit may be installed single or in multiples, on the floor, suspended from a ceiling or positioned in a closet. Six sizes, when matched or mix-matched with evaporator sections provide a wide range of capacities. Features Compatible fittings permit either mechanical (quick) or sweat connection without the use of adapters, and liquid & suction service valve. Lasting beauty and protection of Weather Armor casing is positive shields against rust and corrosion. Cabinet is made from galvanized steel, bonderized, and painted with baked enamel. Low operating sound permits flexibility of unit location. Cabinet is internally insulated to absorb operating sound. Vibration isolators are fitted under both compressor and condenser. Time Guard circuit prevents compressor shot cycling on safety device, thermostat or power interruption by preventing compressor from restarting for 3 minutes. (Option for all models) Highly efficient plate heat exchanger minimizes condenser water flow requirement. Unit efficiency is substantially higher than for comparable air-cooled condensing units. Long unit life: Phase compressor protected from current and temperature overloads. For 07TD036BSC 060SC protective devices include high and low pressure...
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...Schenectady Summer Youth Program In Schenectady a small upstate New York town, it’s the last day of school and all of the students are staring at the clock waiting for the bell, the bell of freedom. Seconds feel like hours now and then it’s finally 2:10 and the bell of freedom is ringing filling the school. The students rush out of the classrooms and the hallways are now filled with the chatter of summer vacation plans. Talks about going to the lake visiting the cape or some simple plans of playing video games all break. However, there are a select few students who have different plans from their classmates. Their plans do not consist of sleeping in late, sun bathing on the beach, but something completely opposite of their peers. They plan on working during their summer break. The youth are enrolled into a special program called the Schenectady County Youth Program. The program is offered to youth ages 14-20, those youth are then given an incredible opportunity to gain on-the job training for 20 hours per week during the summer months. Schenectady Country Summer Youth Employment Program promoted the partnership of economic development, education, and training resources. The youth involved will not only have the opportunity to earn a few dollars during the summer, but will be given important skills that they will need to be successful in the future. Schenectady is rich in history and was once known as “ The city that lights and hauls the world”. Like every other city there...
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...“ It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our banking system, for if they did, I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning.” –Henry Ford Some may consider those to be strong words, words that many believe to be true. This quote is found in the book that I will be introducing written by author Robert Kiyosaki titled “ Increase Your Financial IQ” the quote sets the pace for what this book stands for: Financial Education. Robert Kiyosaki’s objective through out the book is to illustrate for the reader the major differences between how wealthy people think about and deal with money vs. how the middle class and poor deal with money. He outlines his thoughts in what he calls, the Five Financial IQs. According to Kiyosaki it is not money but knowledge that makes one rich (pg 200). Robert Kiyosaki was born April 8, 1947 to a middle class family. Kiyosaki is an investor, businessman, self-help author and motivational speaker. Along with being a successful author, he is also the creator of the Rich Dad brand, as well as a real estate mogul owning millions of dollars in real estate assets. Kiyosaki is best known for his “Rich Dad Poor Dad” book and other materials published and found on the top 10 best-seller lists of The Wall Street Journal, USA Today and the New York Times. Before becoming a best selling author he began his career as a salesman for the Xerox Corporation a company that sells copy machines. In his popular book “Rich Dad Poor...
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...If you wanted to get rich, how would you do it? I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years. The word "startup" dates from the 1960s, but what happens in one is very similar to the venture-backed trading voyages of the Middle Ages. Startups usually involve technology, so much so that the phrase "high-tech startup" is almost redundant. A startup is a small company that takes on a hard technical problem. Lots of people get rich knowing nothing more than that. You don't have to know physics to be a good pitcher. But I think it could give you an edge to understand the underlying principles. Why do startups have to be small? Will a startup inevitably stop being a startup as it grows larger? And why do they so often work on developing new technology? Why are there so many startups selling new drugs or computer software, and none selling corn oil or laundry detergent? The Proposition Economically, you can think of a startup as a way to compress your whole working life into a few years. Instead of working at a low intensity for forty years, you work as hard as you possibly can for four. This pays especially well in technology, where you earn a premium for working fast. Here is a brief sketch of the economic proposition. If you're a good hacker in your mid twenties, you can get a job paying about $80,000 per year. So on average such a hacker must be able to do at least $80,000 worth of work per year...
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...An Aldol Condensation Reaction: The Synthesis of Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone—An Example of a Double-Crossed Aldol Addition Reactions of Carbonyl Groups The chemical reactivity of aldehydes and ketones is closely associated with the presence of the carbonyl group in their structures. For example, both aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions such as the addition of a Grignard reagent to the carbonyl group as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Addition reactions. The reactions in Figure 1 differ only because the pink H of an aldehyde is replaced by R′′ in the ketone. The addition reaction occurs at the carbonyl group. The carbonyl group is polarized so that the carbon atom bears a partial positive charge and the oxygen atom bears a partial negative charge. The R′ group of the Grignard reagent is negative relative to the positive Mg atom. Thus, the negative R′ group bonds to the positive carbon atom, and the negative oxygen and metallic magnesium form an ionic bond, yielding a salt in each reaction. The addition product is acidified in each case to make a covalent alcohol. The aldehyde produces a IIo alcohol; whereas, the ketone produces a IIIo alcohol owing to the R′′ group. The two equations for addition reactions in Figure 1 are summarized in Figure 2. A nucleophile (negative species) bonds to the carbonyl carbon (positive), breaking the π bond of the carbonyl group. Figure 2. Addition of a nucleophile to a carbonyl group. Figure 2 focuses our...
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...Macroeconomics 11/30/2010 What is Really Happening in Our Economy? Before getting into what I think is the root of the problem, I’d like to give a little insight into some of the opinions of my family members. Every night, my family sits down at the dinner table to eat together. Sometimes I miss out on this because I work nights, but I always have at least one night of the week home. I raised the question, “what do you think is going on in our economy?” and received a variety of responses. I started first with my 11 year old sister, who comically replied “I think that the inflation will cause everyone in the country to form an angry mob”. For an 11 year old, I’d say her assessment is pretty spot on. Next my father, a 47 year old scientist, furrowed his brow a little and then responded by saying “I think the housing market is the problem.” Because unemployment and underemployment are so high, it is becoming increasingly difficult for a larger percentage of people to buy homes. More people are living with their parents well into their twenties, since, to put it quite simply: “the rent is too damn high”. With home sales at an all-time low, new housing construction is at a standstill. This negatively affects all the people that work in the housing industry. On top of that, home foreclosure is at an all-time high. All of these factors combined are causing the collapse of the housing market. I then referred the question to my other sister, who is 17...
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...The aphorism ‘the rich get richer and the poor get poorer’ truly illustrates the message put forth by D.W. Griffith in his film A Corner in Wheat. Set in the early 1900’s, this film highlights the development of capitalism in the United States of America. Griffith parallels three different perspectives in the film by presenting the viewpoints from a farmer, a successful businessman and the owner of a bread shop. This techniques helps illustrate the rise of the populist movement and the increasing divide between the upper class and lower class. With these contrasting views a Corner in Wheat offers a populist interpretation by utilizing the experiences of these three characters. Three specific scenes that support this populist interpretation are the scene with the farmer and his family, the scene in the pit and the scene in the bread shop. These events make up the film and set the populist atmosphere and criticize the unfairness of imperialism. Another factor that helps support the populist vision A Corner in Wheat presents is the fact that this film was released in 1909; around the time of the uprising of the populist movement. In class we talked about the formation of the Farmers Alliance in the 1880s a major social movement in which farmers fought against the developing imperialism of America (Lecture, January 30, 2014). Along with the formation of the People Party in 1892 that gained the attention of many impoverished Americans as they fought against the growing divide between...
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...“It turns out that advancing equal opportunity and economic empowerment is both morally right and good economics, because discrimination, poverty and ignorance restrict growth, while investments in education, infrastructure and scientific and technological research increase it, creating more good jobs and new wealth for all of us.” -William J. Clinton The world works in a series of actions and reactions. Everyday something happens that occurs as a reaction of something else, which respectively was a reaction of yet another event. Looking at the world today, many global issues are prevalent and are affecting the lives of many if not all. What the majority of the population fails to realize, is that, every one of these issues is a repercussion of another and is most likely causing more repercussions. The justice system never over passes a crime without searching for the motive, reason and effect. So why is the grand scale different? Without searching for the cause, the issues will never truly be solved. The inequality of wealth distribution is a root of many of the world’s most principal issues, affecting the world economically, socially, and physically. Without proper distribution of wealth, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer causing extreme poverty among many nations. Poverty strikes up many social issues among countries and within countries, causing wars and revolutions to occur; only increasing violence. Without money, and in a world where nations thrive based...
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...QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAM 1. What is control? 2. What is automatic control? 3. What is called as automatic control system? 4. What is the primary goal of automatic control? 5. What is called as object of management? 6. What is called as the operated size? 7. What is called as operating body? 8. What is called as a sensitive element? 9. What is the entrance and target sizes? 10. What is called as operating influence? 11. What is called as indignation? 12. What is called as a deviation from the set size? 13. What is called as the actuation device? 14. What is called as the setting device? 15. What is called as a function chart and of what it consists? 16. In what difference of a signal from physical size? 17. In what an essence of a principle of the opened management? 18. In what an essence of a principle of indemnification? 19. In what an essence of a principle of feedback? 20. List merits and demerits of principles of management? 21. What special case of management is called as regulation? 22. In what difference of systems of direct and indirect regulation? 23. List and give the short characteristic of principal views CS? 24. What is called as static mode CS? 25. What is called as static characteristics CS? 26. What is called as the equation of statics CS? 27. What difference from strengthening factor is called in transfer factor, in what? 28. In what difference...
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...Do you find the widening difference between the salaries of corporate executives and regular workers to be just or unjust? This continuing widening is unjust because more money is going towards the CEOs who may or may not deserve it. Let's go more into the present and look at how many immigrant workers have came to the US since the 80s. Low skilled workers are so much easier to find and pay less than the "average American worker" (as shown by skew income data). I feel this way because "CEO pay has no correlation with either performance or market capitalization" (Obermatt). The gap continues to increase although education or performance does not play part in the growing wages which makes absolutely no sense to me but I'm not the one appointed to put them in the top 25% of the salary range. In 1980, a CEO made 35 times as much as a worker. This increased by 185 times in 2009, although the company may not have been this hugely successful. Our corporations today can easily lay off workers and cut back salaries because workers in china would accept half as much pay as a worker here, for example, the effect being the lack of jobs and more money aimed towards CEOs. The gap should not be getting bigger this rapidly because there isn't as much money to fund the CEOs salaries, but there still is this "excess pay"(Obermatt). Just because there have been income gains in lower areas doesn't mean the gap should continue to grow between these areas and CEOs. Findings show consumption inequality...
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...Thursday the 3th of April Sometimes I feel like I am drowning Nightmare in Haiti: It is a nightmare for families in Haiti living as they do today. Lack of food and water, poor hygiene, and poor environment leads the Haitians to harder life. Many people have lost a family member which makes them weak and lost. By Caroline Holm Madsen Haiti today: Things changed, people got homeless and many people lost a family member. It is just three years ago the earthquake hit Haiti. Over 220.000 people got killed and more than 300.000 got hurt. Many houses were destroyed when the earthquake hit Haiti and today many lives in tents or the remains are used for rebuilding a lot of the houses. Many cannot afford to build a house, to support the family or to get an education. The poor get poorer and Haiti becomes the new Congo, which were the poorest country in the world in 2009. Congo had a GNP of 330 per. capita income. The Haitians live in an unclean environment. Bowl movement and rubbish are scattered across the streets and people become seriously ill. Family visit: For few weeks ago, a BBC crew visited a family of nine members who lost their home and two family members in 2010. They are now only seven family members today. We got into the family’s tent and in the corner we saw two kids, at the age of three, lying under a blanket with hundreds of swarming flies around them. It was dirty, it stanched, and it was humid. We were asking one of the boys who lost...
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...Elena Rodriguez Global Trade Debate Global Trade Debate Why do people love chocolate so much? Is it the smell, the taste, the texture or something more? Do people know what it is the truth hidden in the chocolate business? Do they know that the main ingredient it is child slavery? Thankfully, I can said that I don’t like chocolate, so I don’t feel guilty for consume it. However, should I feel comfortable? Or should I think about what I am consuming that its production leads into harm our people, our animals and our planet? After I watched the “Global Trade Video”, I started to think deeper about the damage that consumerism is doing to innocent people. Based upon this DVD, I tend to see it from a Marxist perspective because it talks about how the rich people are getting richer at expense of poor people that are getting poorer, “the class struggle”. Personally y agree with the Video, and my position is against globalization, but I can’t be 100% in opposition because there are some points that make it positive; for this reason, I will explain what are the pros and the cons of globalization from my opinion. One positive side of globalization is that it promotes global economic growth, creates jobs, makes companies more competitive and lowers prices for the consumer; thus, countries can balance their inflation. Also, there is a worldwide market for the consumers that can access to products from different countries without live their houses. In addition, with the advance...
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...GOVERNMENT SHOULD NOT INCREASE THE FUEL PRICE ------------------------------------------------- Abstract This essay is about the Government Should not Increase the Fuel Price. Nowadays the fuel prices are increased, and it is eventually going to affect each and everything that we use in our day to day life. Means that there are lot of effect once fuel price increase. For example, the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer. It is a chain reaction once started will affect all. The thesis statement of this essay is government should not increase the fuel price because the cost of doing business will continue to rise, increase the food price and the society will be greatly affected. The topic sentence for Body Paragraph 1 is government should not increase the fuel price because the cost of doing business will continue to rise and the topic sentence for Body Paragraph 2 is other than that, government should not increase the fuel price because it will increase in food price. Body Paragraph 3 is the refutation and the topic sentence is the government should increase the fuel price because it can reduce traffic and pollution. As we know, fuel has become an indispensable part of our day-to-day life, and we can’t imagine our life without it. There are mishaps and our life must be incomplete without them. Nowadays the petrol prices are increased, and it is eventually going to affect each and everything that we use in our day to day life...
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