...business and culture in developed countries, but there is limited availability in many poor countries. Do you think that this technology is going to widen the economic development gap between rich and poor countries? Is there a way that developing countries can use such technologies as a tool for economic development? Justify and illustrate your arguments by referring to appropriate case study examples. Table of Content 1 Introduction 2 2. Present Uses of the Internet 3 3 The Use of Internet in Developed Countries 4 4 The Use of Internet in Developing Countries 6 5 Internet reduces the Economic gap between Developing and Developed Countries 7 5.1 Case Study Analysis – Case of Nigeria 7 6 Internet as a tool for Economic Development in Developing Countries 8 6.1 Internet and e-commerce produce greater Economic benefits to the firms 9 7 Conclusion 10 8 References 10 1 Introduction Globalisation of business, trade and economy has transformed the world into a single society of similar perceptions, where the information is accessible by any person from any corner of the world. Use of new communication technologies like internet has incremented the pace of globalisation processes in various dimensions (Anakwe, et al., 2007). The internet has rationalized the business processes facilitating the notion of the e-economy. Companies have recognised the requirement of joining in the e-economy revolution, which...
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...Arabian Citizens to Adopt e-Government Services Sulaiman A. Alateyah, Richard M. Crowder, and Gary B. Wills Abstract—This paper discusses e-government, in particular the challenges that face adoption in Saudi Arabia. e-government can be defined based on an existing set of requirements. In this research we define e-government as a matrix of stakeholders: governments to governments, governments to business and governments to citizens, using information and communications technology to deliver and consume services. e-government has been implemented for a considerable time in developed countries. However, e-government services still face many challenges in their implementation and general adoption in many countries including Saudi Arabia. It has been noted that the introduction of e-government is a major challenge facing the government of Saudi Arabia, due to possible concerns raised by its citizens. In addition, the literature review and the discussion identify the influential factors that affect the citizens’ intention to adopt e-government services in Saudi Arabia. Consequently, these factors have been defined and categorized followed by an exploratory study to examine the importance of these factors. Therefore, this research has identified factors that determine if the citizen will adopt e-government services and thereby aiding governments in accessing what is required to increase adoption. Index Terms—Adoption, citizens’ intention, e-government, G2C, influential factors. ...
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... Course Title: MSc Academic Year: 2010/2011 Deadline Date: August 31, 2011 Module Code: BMS0013 Module Title: Postgraduate Dissertation Dissertation Title ------------------------------------------------- A Study for Implementation of Electronic Government upervisor Name: Stephen Gibbs Student Name: ALMABROK ALHUMRY ID Number: 1072062 Word Count: 17,711 Table of Contents Acknowledgements 5 Abstract 7 1. Chapter One: Introduction 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 Research Title 10 1.3 Research Question 10 1.4 Aims of Research 10 1.5 Research Background 10 1.6 Research Scope and Limitations 11 1.7 Research Objectives 12 1.8 About Libya 13 2. Chapter Two: Literature Review 14 2.2 E-Government Benefits 14 2.3 E-Government for Developing Countries 16 2.4 Characteristics of Electronic government Services 17 2.5 E-Administration___ A part of e-government 18 2.6 Existing Administration System of Libya 19 2.8 E-Government in Libya 26 2.9 ICT Knowledge in Libya 28 2.10 E-Government Problems in Libya 30 2.12 Stages of E government Development 32 2.17.2 Training Public Employees for E-Government 41 2.18 Risks associated with E-government 42 2.19 Summary of Literature Review 42 3. Chapter Three: Research Methodology 48 3.1 Research Design 48 3.2 Research Methodology 49 3.3 Conceptual Framework 50 4. Chapter Four: Research Analysis 63 4.1 Research Limitation 63 4.2 Analysis Plan 64 4.3 Analysis of...
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...Steps to a 29672 ResultsBased Monitoring and Evaluation System Jody Zall Kusek Ray C. Rist THE WORLD BANK A Handbook for Development Practitioners Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System A Handbook for Development Practitioners Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System Jody Zall Kusek Ray C. Rist THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. © 2004 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org E-mail feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 07 06 05 04 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission...
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...networks of information and services. And rapid innovations in technology – the fruits of intensive R&D efforts by Microsoft and others – are making ICTs less expensive and easier to use, bringing the power of ICTs within the reach of ever more people. ICTs promote development across many dimensions. At their most fundamental level, ICTs enable organizations to be more productive, thereby spurring economic growth and helping firms be more competitive. ICTs can also expand the reach and effectiveness of social development projects and have already yielded important benefits in such areas as healthcare, education, and environmental preservation. Public-sector uptake of ICTs is also making governments more efficient and their decision-making more transparent. Finally, many developing countries have achieved important economic gains in nurturing the development of domestic ICT industries. It is not enough, however, to place ICTs onto the development agenda without also addressing other critical elements of the development equation. A...
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...Running header: E-WASTE IN INDONESIA 1 E-Waste in Indonesia: Implementing Clear Standards and Integrating the Informal Sector Donald P. Santoso ERM 428 Spring 2015 Arizona State University 2 E-WASTE IN INDONESIA Abstract While economic development gives rise to markets of emerging technologies, it also creates an emerging global issue in the management of the electronic waste (e-waste) it generates. Unfortunately Moore’s Law, which articulates that technological advancements follow an exponential upward growth every year, does not apply to the innovation in recycling that technology. E-waste is a term for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). These products and components can range from home appliances to consumer electronics; they are defined as e-waste once they reach the end of life, and no longer retain value through its intended function. The European Union (EU) estimates that the amount of global WEE increases 3-5% annually, equivalent to three times the growth of other categories of solid waste (Schwarzer, 2005). Electronic products have become extremely affordable in today’s economy, making it increasingly cheaper to replace these goods rather than fix them. Interval updates in the electronic sector also encourages pre-mature obsolescence of many products (Agamuthu et al., 2012). These factors contribute to a high turnover rate of electronics in the market. As a consequence, there is little incentive for both the industry and...
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...E-Governance for Rural Development Swati Bhatt Sr. Lecturer (Marketing Area), Dept of Management Studies India is a land of diversity. This diversity spans across culture, tradition, language, geography and the economic condition of the people. It is a nation that has a significant number of people who are below the minimal socio-economic benchmarks. This includes rural and urban poor, women in rural areas, street children, people belonging to historically disadvantaged castes and people living in less developed areas. The vulnerability of these sections of society has increased with globalization and this section is prone to become even more marginalized - economically and socially. Successive governments have committed themselves to addressing these divides, but effective implementation of various economic development programmes aimed at individuals belonging to these sections of society has proved an elusive goal. During the 1980s and early 1990s, initial attempts towards e-Governance were made with a focus on networking government departments and developing in-house government applications in the areas of defence, economic monitoring, planning and the deployment of IT to manage data-intensive functions related to elections, census, tax administration etc.80 These applications focused on automation of internal government functions rather than on improving service delivery to citizens. Over the past decade or so, there have been islands of e-Governance initiatives...
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...E-Waste is the growing and a serious problem. The amount of e-waste is growing at an estimated 40 million tons each year. Any improperly disposed electronics can be classified as e-waste. INTRODUCTION– "Electronic waste" also known as E-Waste are the discarded electronics such as computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device, mobile phones, television sets, refrigerators just to name a few. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) refers to e-waste as "electronic products that are discarded by consumers." Electronic-waste (e-waste) has emerged as a critical global environmental health issue in both developed and developing nations. Nowadays people use lots of electronic devices in their daily lives. Also, they need more comfortable and more developed electronic device to accomplish their businesses. According to customer’s need, the electronic companies keep innovating and developing their goods. People frequently change their electronic device more often than the really need, which results in producing lots of electronic waste. The disposal of the electronic is a big market to earn profit for some countries. I strongly disagree with this. If we keep growing our E-Waste, we cannot keep our environment fresh and will continue to face lot of serious problems including severe diseases and destruction to the environment. We need to put in place some very strong and effective solutions to eliminate the harsh consequence of the E-waste from governments, industry...
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...Griffith Business School, Gold Coast Campus Prepared by Kevin Vohra 2746020 Word Count = October-29-2011 INTRODUCTION The global electronics industry comprises of many partners that make up a complex international supply chain. Due to globalisation, TNCs have set up subsidiaries that operate in under developed foreign countries like Asia. They operate in the areas of manufacturing of components for computers, assembly, contractors, suppliers, software, technical services, and retailers. As per the OECD ICT Industry Outlook, 2008. Total employment for the global electronics industry was estimated at 15 million workers worldwide. Revenues for the top 250 electronic firms were $3.8 trillion, and the top countries exporting ICT goods were the following nations; China, European Union, United States, Korea, Japan. The recorded fasted growing export countries are; Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, Eastern Europe (EICC, 2008) . Due to deregulation of markets and the competition in the electronics industry, transnational corporations such as Apple, and HP have set up operations in developing countries in order to profit off of these developing nations. Many TNCs take advantage of such high profit, low wage labour markets and do not abide by the international labour standards (Duke). This allows these firms to capitalise on cheap resources, cheaper manufacturing labour, acquire and transfer new knowledge. The globalisation of business operations has created issues in the area...
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...to the old technology like cell phones, appliances or machines. Instead, we keep our attentions to the newly developed technology and the old ones become Electronic Waste or E-waste for short. E-waste is a defective or obsolete devices or appliances, which means useless or cannot be used anymore. These E-wastes are often kept at home, improperly disposed to dumpsites, or exported to developing countries. Organizations such as European Union have recognized the scope of the e-waste problem and have instituted a system of extended producer responsibility (EPR) to address it. One method developed at Carnegie Mellon University by Matthews et al. is based on sales data, which were used to estimate the current and future quantity of computers that will be reused, recycled, stored, and land filled in the United States. While in the Philippines Republic Act No. 9003, with the short title Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, was signed into law in January 2001. RA 9003 sets guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including recycling, reuse, and recovery before collection, treatment, and disposal at appropriate and environmentally sound solid waste management facilities. Discussion and Analysis What is e-waste? E-waste is a term used to represent almost all type of electrical or electronic equipment that has entered or could enter the waste stream, nearly any household or business tool...
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... pp. 49-65. The Internet in developing countries: a medium of economic, cultural and political domination Abdulkafi Albirini University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA ABSTRACT The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented diffusion of network technologies into developing countries. The technological discourse attending this diffusion has presented the new media as a utopian, egalitarian and empowering tool with the potential of ushering in a new era of development, democracy, and positive cultural change. This paper examines the economic, cultural, and political effects of the Internet within the historical context of developing countries. The paper traces the politically-inspired evolution of the Internet, its transfer into developing countries, and the economic, cultural, and political consequences of this transfer. Existing data indicate that the implementation of the Internet in most developing countries has served as a drain to the local resources, thus exacerbating their economic dependency on foreign nations. On a cultural level, the Internet’s predominantly Western design, content, and language have facilitated the proliferation of alien cultural patterns at the expense of the social experiences of the local cultures. Lastly, the Internet’s build-in tracking capabilities and its current manipulation for political purposes on international and national levels serves to empower the existing ruling elites in developing countries and perpetuates the disempowerment...
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...resources are immigrating to abroad especially from developing countries to developed countries. This essay will elaborate brain drain in China as well as some solutions to alleviate the current situation. In recent years, the number of Chinese students overseas continues to be higher and higher. In 2012 the number of internal students is expected to reach 410 thousand. However, among these oversea students, only a few can return back due to the higher salary, better working conditions and training opportunities overseas. Brain drain now has become increasingly serious in China. Therefore, there is a need to reflect on the reasons behind the exodus and come up with some solutions. Firstly, Chinese government should offer bigger incentives for those who return from overseas. Due to the big attraction that foreign enterprise offers many students overseas do not want to come back. Chinese government can launch more projects and programs in which overseas students are able to enjoy favorable treatment in terms of salary, subsidy and especially housing. Apart from the attractive tratment in physical level, enterprise shouls also enhance the incentives in spiritual level. Many people find themselves hard to find a job or opportunity to achieve self-realization. As a result, they have no motivation to develop domestically and choose to go abroad to seek other ways. Enterprise, inn this case, can properly introduce foreign countries advanced management concept in order to better utilize...
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...Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Clement K. Wang is Associate Director (Research), NUS Enterprise Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Introduction Story of Alibaba.com The development of e-commerce has been nothing short of explosive in recent years. Many believe that its growth and impact will only become more prevailing in the future. The sale of goods by US firms over the Internet, for example, is predicted to reach $1.3 trillion by 2003. By 2004, European enterprises are expected to have online sales of $1.6 trillion[1]. Companies in China, with the largest population in the world, are also probing this new source of revenue. The China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) issued an Annual Report in Internet Development in January 2000 that estimates that there were 22.5 million Internet users in China at the end of 2000[2]. A recent nationwide survey showed that China had more than 1,100 consumer related e-commerce Web sites by the end of the first quarter in 2000 (People’s Daily, 2000). Four Web companies, Sina.com, Sohu.com, China.com, and Netease.com have already been listed on the NASDAQ. However, the country’s e-commerce market is still in its infancy. We will begin with the story of Alibaba.com Among all the developing e-commerce businesses in China, Alibaba.com has received much attention, despite not yet being listed on the NASDAQ. Alibaba.com’s two biggest investors are US investment bank Goldman Sachs and Japanese Internet investor...
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...International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 9(2), 1-19, April-June 2013 1 Factors Influencing Citizen Adoption of E-Government in Developing Countries: The Case of Jordan Omar Al Hujran, Department of Management Information Systems, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan Anas Aloudat, Department of Management Information Systems, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Ikhlas Altarawneh, Prince Sultan College for Business & Tourism, Al-Faisal University, Abha, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT The main purposes of this study are to investigate citizen adoption of e-government services in Jordan and to explore factors affecting the level of adoption of e-government services. Importantly, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework that is based on previous literature of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in order to examine the relationships between certain factors (government trustworthiness, service quality and citizen satisfaction) and citizen adoption of e-government services. A self-administered questionnaire was used to capture data from 356 Jordanian citizens across the country randomly. The findings indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, citizen satisfaction and trustworthiness are significant predictors of the Jordanian intention to use an e-government service. The results also showed that the service quality dimensions: responsiveness, reliability, and empathy have significant impacts on the citizen satisfaction...
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...Introduction Turkey, known officially as the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasian country and it is located between Western Asia and Southern Europe. Turkey is surrounded by four seas; Mediterranean Sea in the south, Black Sea in the north, Aegean Sea in the west, and Marmara Sea in the north-west. The Bosporus and Dardanelles divide the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Neighbors of Turkey are Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. According to CIA data (2012), population of Turkey is almost 80 million, 17th highest population of the world. The capital of Turkey is Ankara, and the population of the capital city is 3.8 million. Therefore, the largest city of Turkey is Istanbul, located at between Europe and Asia, with 10.3 million people. According to Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, Turkey’s long-term economic prospects are bright. Economy of Turkey grew an average of 6.0% in 2002-2007, and that average is one of the highest sustained growths in the world. On the other hand, Turkey grew only 1.1% in 2008, and -4.7% in 2009 because of the global economic circumstances. However, strong baking system, stable growth, privatizations, and telecommunications sectors helped Turkish economy to raise foreign investment. Turkish economy grew 9% in 2010, and 7.5% in 2011. Turkey and European Union signed an agreement for free movements of goods in 1996, and in October 2005, European Union opened accession...
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