...From Earthquakes to Tsunamis Canada’s West Coast which is home to beautiful British Columbia, has experienced a fault line issue which created more earthquakes with magnitudes greater than any other of the provinces and territories. Out of the 4000 earthquakes that happen per year in Canada, scientists at the Geological Survey of Canada stated that there are “approximately 1000 earthquakes each year in western Canada” (Lyons, 2013). The most seismic earthquakes happen on the shore of Vancouver Island. Recently there have been many fault lines discovered in British Columbia that could lead to very dangerous natural disasters. Looking back at the history of the fault lines, specific complications, and what could happen next in the future, we will be well informed of the reasons for geological faults as we compare data and realize what is to come. The earliest known earthquake to be recorded that happened on the west coast of Canada happened in the M9 Cascadia Subduction Zone. On January 26, 1700 a fault line running through undersea Cascadia “ruptured along a 1000 km length, from mid Vancouver Island to northern California in a great earthquake” (The M9 Cascadia, 2013). This created a colossal amount of damage and a huge tsunami was formed as well which went across the Pacific Ocean. On the Richter Magnitude Scale, the M9 earthquake was a 9 which meant that there was great damage to buildings, near to total destruction, and many unfortunate casualties. On December 14, 1872...
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...Haiti Earthquake of 2010– Vulnerabilities and Resiliency On the 12th of January in 2010 at 4.53 pm Haiti was struck by a massive earthquake that is considered as one of the deadliest earthquakes in the western hemisphere in a century (Chinn, 2011). According to The Haiti Earthquake (2013) it killed 220.000 people, injured 250.000 people and left more than a million homeless. The earthquakes’ characteristics: There are several different aspects of Haiti earthquake that amplified its impact. First of all, Haiti is located on the edge of the Caribbean plate that crushes into the Atlantic plate (The Haiti Earthquake, 2013). This area is known for its tectonic activities as the plates are constantly moving and creating friction between them,...
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...September 24 2013 Earthquake U.S Geological Survey A magnitude 7.7 earthquake hit Awaran, Pakistan due to a strike-slip occurring between the plates. The plates collided between the transition zone between the northward subduction of the Arabic plate beneath the Eurasia plate. The epicenter of the event occurred 69km north of the Awaran, Pakistan border. The earthquake killed at least 825 people and injured hundred of others. The Balochistan government estimated that the earthquake had destroyed at least 21,000 homes. In the past 40 years, only one significant earthquake had injured humans in that area. The earthquake occurred along the two plate boundaries of the region, the area where typically most earthquakes occur due to collision of plates by convergent or transform boundaries. Due to the poor economic area in which the earthquake took place, many homes collapsed easily as many were not reinforced like many buildings are now in the United States. As the location of the city was so close to the epicenter, the city felt a high intensity level. The reason for the creation of the earthquake deals with the Elastic Rebound Theory that states crust bends as strains builds up until the earthquake occurs making bent crust snap back into place. While detection devices have been created such as seismograph, many devices to forewarn individuals of future earthquakes have still not been created. Spatial trends have been one concept in preparing individuals for upcoming earthquakes...
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...Adrian Howley Classical Argument Reporting earthquakes are very critical to studying the behavior of tectonic plates. The very first recorded earthquake occurred in the year 1831 B.C. and is currently known today as the 526 Antioch Earthquake. The area affected was Antioch, China (located between the Syria and Turkey regions). Not much is known about how the report was formed. However, this historic report did include information about how the aftershocks lasted for twelve months. Other details from this report indicate that the death toll is around 250,000 to 300,000 casualties. Scientists today can only prove that the earthquake occurred between May 20 and May 29 (date translated from B.C. to Calendar Year). The first instrument to measure the seismic waves of earthquakes was invented by Charles F. Richter at the California Institute of Technology. (Bellis, 2013) He introduced his new instrument called the Richter scale, to the world of science. His invention allows scientists today to study the mechanics behind earthquakes and locate the epicenter to which the natural disaster originated. The largest earthquake recorded by the Richter scale was measured on May 22, 1960 at a magnitude of 9.5. The quake resulted in 1,886 deaths, 2,000,000 homeless, and $1,175,000,000 total in damages. (“The Largest Earthquake”, [PDF file]) If we want to see these large numbers slide down to zero, the impossible will need to be challenged by science. Skyscrapers are buildings consisting...
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...Brady Kaiser-Bell Mike Phillips GEL 1007 December 8, 2013 Introduction My house is located in Princeton in the Princeton North Quadrangle in section 16 in tier 16N, range 9E (Princeton North Quadrangle). Map 1 shows Princeton. The high school is close to where I live. Bureau Creek is to the west of Princeton. Most of the land is flat, the only steep slopes are to the west near Bureau Creek. The land use is mostly residential. The surficial deposits under my house consist of the Batestown Member of the Lemont Formation of the Wedron Group. The deposits are mostly a mixture of gravel, sand, silt, and clay (Surficial Deposits of Illinois). The bedrock under my house is the Pennsylvanian-age Tradewater Formation. This contains thick layers of shale and sandstone and a thin layer of coal (Bedrock Geology of Illinois). In my report I made several important findings about the natural resources, natural hazards, human-induced hazards, and plans for future use. Natural Resources According to the United States Department of Agriculture the soil in the area around my house is the Drummer soil series. Drummer soils are the most extensive soils in Illinois. They occur on more than 1.5 million acres in the state. They are the most productive soils in the state. A lot of the soil in the area around Princeton is used to grow crops. Our water comes from wells drilled into a sand aquifer. This is good because the hydraulic conductivity is high allowing water to flow through it easily...
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...Nadir Berrada Geological Science March 5th, 2013 Tsunamis: A deeper look into Bayona’s movie “The Impossible” A tsunami, or “harbor wave” in Japanese, is describes as the result of a sequence of water waves which is caused by the upset, or displacement, of a massive volume of a body of water, usually either an ocean or a vast lake. The awareness for tsunamis has risen tremendously as they have become less rare in the current and previous century. As this destructive force has made a great impact in today’s talk over natural disasters, scientists all over the world, media, as well as Hollywood directors have all decided to dig deeper into tsunamis. This paper will discuss the numerous scientific principles that cause tsunamis to occur, various effects of these seismic sea waves, different methods on how they can be prevented, the impact of recent tsunamis had around the globe, and finally how the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was portrayed in Juan Antonio Bayona’s movie, “The Impossible”. There are four possible elements that cause a tsunami to form. These factors, from most likely to occur to least likely respectively include, earthquakes, submarine landslides, submarine volcanic eruptions, and large meteorites crashing in the ocean (Magnus). In order to better comprehend the causes that make a tsunami, it is important to have a better knowledge about earthquakes. Earthquakes are formed alongside certain faults, which are fractures in the Earth’s crust. As these fractured plates...
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...Independence (Index Mundi. com, 2013). Turkey is located in the northeastern quadrant of the Mediterranean Sea and also in the Southeast portion of Europe in addition to the Southwest segment of Asia. It also touches to the North near the Black Sea, in addition to the West near the Aegean Sea. Turkey also neighbors countries such as Greece and Bulgaria, which borders to her west. Along the North and Northwest, and through the Black Sea she has the following countries bordering: Russia, Ukraine, and Romania. To the East she has the following countries bordering: Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. Finally to the South she has Syria and Iraq bordering her. Lastly, the following bodies of water divide her and they include: the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus (Index Mundi. com, 2013). Izmir, just like the entire country of Turkey, has many disadvantages primarily due to their geological weakness known as the Aegean plate boundaries (Komuscu, 1995). Turkey sits literally amid two massive tectonic plates. The Eurasia and The Africa/Arabia, which are inevitably hurtling into one another, from the north towards the south. The Anatolian plate, where the Turkish mainland lies, is being clutched upwardly near the Aegean Sea (Kutluca A. K., 2004). Both plates are located directly below Turkey and thus lead to this country’s massive history of avalanches, floods, landslides, droughts and earthquakes (Orhon, 1991). A 7.2 Mw earthquake had once...
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...Can Earthquakes Be Caused by Fracking? Paragraph 1: According to an article “WHATS THE FRACKING PROBLEM?” Fracking begins once a pre-drilled well that reaches the reservoir is cased with steel and cement (Bierstedt, 2015). Briersedt states that the cement and steel pipe are to protect any water supply around. The article states that after the pipe is finished water mixed with sand and chemicals are flowed through the pipe with pressure. The purpose is to restore fractures that are in the reservoir to ensure best outcomes of pumping the natural gas and oils. The chemicals are said to each have a specific purpose such as; protecting metal pipe, fixing mud damage, reducing mud damage, and stopping micro-organisms (Bierstedt, 2015). So essentially...
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... b) Graph the ‘proportion’ data appropriately (in a different way from question ‘a’) for the Top 10 countries. (3 marks) c) Use the data to create one graph that allows a simple comparison of ‘mobile phones in use’ and ‘population’ for the Top 10 countries. (4 marks) d) Your boss has produced a graph of the proportion data below. State 4 weaknesses of his Pie Chart. (4 marks) Question 2 (24 marks total) Open the Excel worksheet nz-earthquakes-sept-2013.xlsx The spreadsheet contains details of all the earthquakes in New Zealand in September 2013. a) Create a Histogram for the Earthquake data. (Hint : A group width of 0.5 would work well) (10 marks) b) What shape is the histogram? (1 mark) c) Calculate the Mean, Range and Mode for the Earthquake data. (3 marks) d) Identify 1 way in which your histogram could be improved. (2 marks) e) Using the data and your answers above (2a, 2b, 2c) state 4 distinct features of New Zealand’s earthquakes in September 2013; support each statement with a statistic. (8 marks) Question 3 (20 marks total) Open the Excel worksheet new-zealand-regions.xlsx The spreadsheet contains details of New Zealand’s 16 regions. a) Name the 5 variables and their data types. (5 marks) b) Draw an appropriate graph to show the population of the 16 regions. (2 marks) c) Calculate the Mean and the Median of the regional population. (2 marks) d) Why is the Mean regional population...
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...Doctoral Business Administration Studies Instructor: Doctor Annie Brown September 2015 Abstract On January 17, 1994 a major earthquake struck the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles. Synergistic Systems Inc. a computer based medical billing company headed by Jean Campbell was damaged by the earthquake and challenged to its core Kouzes &Posner (2002). Due to Jean’s servant leadership, the company survived the earthquake as an ongoing concern and continues to thrive as a trusted firm that employs 200 people and handles over two hundred million dollars in charges for more than twelve hundred physicians in eighty-four medical groups throughout the United States Kouzes & Posner (2002). This paper will identify the servant leadership dimensions demonstrated by Jean Campbell that contributed to Synergistic Systems Inc. not only surviving the earthquake but growing and thriving during this unfortunate incident. Jean Campbell Profile in Servant Leadership As Jean Campbell was looking at the damage to SSI that had taken place from the earthquake, she was already formulating a plan for keeping her clients informed of the company’s status. Communication and listening not only to ones followers, but to one’s clients is a characteristic of a servant leader Northouse (2013). By applying this characteristic, Jean demonstrated to her clients that although SSI had been struck by disaster that she were also mindful of their needs. Jean’s initial...
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...1999 GÖLCÜK & 2011 VAN EARTHQUAKES Göksu ÇELEBİ Hatice İrem GÜNAYDIN Ece ÖMÜR The aim of the project The aim of this project is to examine fatal consequences of Gölcük and Van earthquakes which are arising from engineering errors. 1999 Gölcük Earthquake This earthquake, whose eppicenter is Gölcük county in Kocaeli, occured at 03:02 with Turkey time and lasted 45 seconds. According to Richter scale, the magnitude of this earthquake is 7,5 Mw. Furthermore , this earthquake occured on Northern Anatolia fault line ,which is the longest fault line in our country and one of the most active fault lines of the world. The earthquake, which took place in 10 miles below the earth, was felt especially in Marmara Region, a large area from Ankara to Istanbul. According to the leaflet ‘’Earthquakes 1999’’, published by Prime Ministry Crisis Management Center in August in 2000[1], number of deaths from surrounding cities are indicated in the following table. Surrounding cities | Number of deaths | Kocaeli | 9477 | Sakarya | 3891 | Yalova | 2504 | İstanbul | 981 | Bolu | 270 | Bursa | 268 | Eskişehir | 86 | Zonguldak | 3 | In Assembly Research Report, published in 2000, figures of casualties was updated as 18.373 and in the same report, the following statistics...
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...supplies with chemical contamination. What happens when water no longer flows from the faucet, shower, or hose? What happens when the air outside is no longer breathable? This is a frightening prospect which has led to one solution, the process of hydraulic fracturing should be banned to avoid many significant environmental risks. Research has shown hydraulic fracturing has been the cause of numerous environmentally damaging incidents, the most significantly documented is the ground water contamination specifically the detrimental chemicals. “Drinking water sources have been contaminated with explosive methane, as well as other dangerous substances, such as benzene and arsenic, that can cause cancer and other serious illnesses.” (Thompson 2013). The fact that these chemicals are leeching into the public’s drinking water and private wells shows the severity of the impact that fracking is having on the environment. "We don't know if they're connecting to another natural seam in the formation that lets gas or possibly toxic fluids migrate into water supplies," he said. "We do know from a study by Duke University in Marcellus Shale that 68 water wells in New York and 51 in Pennsylvania have been contaminated with hazardous levels of methane, where the risk of explosion in the water supply is very real." (McClatchy 2012). This proves we have documentation of the contamination to ground water wells and this has caused grounds to begin discussions to ban this type of drilling. Another...
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...Nepal Earthquake April 2015 Table Of Contents Intro How Did the way that P.M Sushil Koirala Handle The Crisis, and what was the impact on the people in kathmandu? What impact has the Earthquake had on Tourism in Kathmandu, and as a result how has society been impacted? Intro The April 2015 Earthquake in Nepal, also known as the Gorkha earthquake killed at least 9,000 people and injured more than 23,000. It effected four different countries.It took place on 25 April, with a magnitude of 7.8m on the rickter scale. Its epicenter was east of the district of Lamjung and its Hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 8.2 km. The earthquake was the worst natural disaster to hit Nepal since 1934. This is cctv footage...
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...no ownership from the government. This is part of the reason why the US is considered to be capitalist. The economic system of a country can determine how its government and citizens handle varying situations. We will discuss with economic system might be best for handling an epic crisis, how a socialistic system could have been the best for dealing with the earthquake in Haiti and why the cost of heating our homes goes up at certain times of the year. The economic system best suited for handling an epic crisis might be socialism. Socialism is the ownership of resources primarily by the government but also involves the public. This economic system is best because the government will have already planned for anything to come. It services the needs of the people not for profit or control. If a flood or any other disaster where to happen, the citizens and the government would ensure the necessary aid and supply will be produced and distributed to all those in need. This is also a reason why the socialism economic system would have been best fit for the earthquake that hit Haiti. In 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti and sent shockwaves through the country’s capital of Port-au-Prince followed by 2 aftershocks. Haiti’s buildings were poorly maintained and not up to standard, so when the...
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...COUNTRIES AFFECTED BY NATURAL CALAMITIES Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods can often come at the least expected time. Others, such as hurricanes and cyclones are increasing in severity and destruction. Typically, the poor are the worst hit for they have the least resources to cope and rebuild. As the 2011 Great Eastern Japan Earthquake has made all too clear, natural disasters can be very difficult to predict and fully prepare against, and have incredibly far-reaching consequences for the safety and wellbeing of individuals and communities. As in previous natural disasters such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the Australian bushfires in 2009, the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2010 Pakistan floods, the impacts on people and society in affected areas are immediate and overwhelming. Such catastrophes tend to worsen pre-existing problems and inequalities, with vulnerable parts of the population often disproportionately impacted. For instance, initial estimates suggest that 65% of the deaths from the recent disaster in Japan were of people aged 60 or over. The consequences can be felt for many years, with people suffering as refugees or being displaced within their own country, their livelihoods destroyed, and facing long-term health issues. Over the past two years, 700 natural disasters were registered worldwide affecting more than 450 million people, according to a new IMF study. Damages have risen from an estimated...
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