...A Comparison of Eastern Philosophy Asia, the world’s largest continent, consists of over one third of Earths total land are and approximately 60% of the world’s population. Further, a large percentage of Asia’s 4.3 billion people live in the countries of China, Japan, and India (Exploredia, 2011). Out of these densely populated countries three eastern schools of philosophy were born between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, and it is these same ancient philosophies that flourish throughout Asia today. Confucianism, Buddhism, and Hinduism are three major schools of thought that significantly have impacted the political, social and religious views of Asian culture. Confucianism, which was inspired by Confucius, has been followed by the Chinese people for more than two thousand years (Confucianism, 2012, pp.1). Because Confucianism is described as a way of life, it is sometimes viewed as a philosophy and sometimes viewed as a religion, although it does not share the aspect of organization that most other religions share. The idea behind Confucianism is that wisdom and knowledge can be obtained through study, ritual practices, and learning from experiences. Humans are perfectible by wisdom and the ultimate goal is to reach a state of superior wisdom. The first principle Confucius taught is called the principle of mean, which is the importance of seeking balance and moderation in life. Any circumstance of extreme should be avoided. The second principle Confucius...
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...Eastern Educational Philosophies Abstract Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are compared for historical, ideology, and epistemology, searching for Eastern Philosophy compatible to Western Philosophy. A research for possible influences on Education of Philosophy discovered that it was impossible to bring comparisons and even difficult to separate them into the key issues. Colonialism and Nationalism brings the two philosophies together. Even though the Western mindset can appreciate the fascination concepts it may be impossible to blend East and West. However, it is possible to juxtapose the very different philosophies as it may be represented in the arts. Even Western Philosopher who have been influenced by Eastern Philosophy, it is reasonable to believe it is the philosophers attempt to interpret Eastern Philosophy. However, it is impossible to replicate it. Instead the product is a hybrid and independent of either East or West. Eastern Educational Philosophies Eastern philosophy has a long and varied history. Asian ideas are among the oldest in the world. Great thinkers of the East have developed sophisticated cultural and political systems that have influenced other religions as well as western philosophy. This paper will examine ideological, epistemological, and historical differences in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Ways in which these philosophies have shaped higher education theory and practice are of major importance to educators. ...
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...|Eastern philosophy | |Vs | |Western Philosophy | |Compare eastern and western philosophy | | | |Kimberly Lynn Stachowski | | | |PHI-105 Introduction to Philosophy | | | |September 11,2011 | | ...
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...EASTERN AND WESTERN PHILOSOPHY The subject of philosophy has always been divided along two lines of thinking – the eastern and the western. Though each line is concerned with finding the right path to follow, the methodology and teachings of the philosophers from either line of thinking has been distinct and different. This paper aims to examine the ideas of one eastern and one western philosopher – Confucius and Socrates respectively and compare the two for similarities and differences. One of the greatest philosophers from the eastern school of philosophy, Confucius was a just and righteous man, who adhered to ancient Chinese customs, ideals and conformed to the principles pre-laid by ancient sages. Because of his fame as a man of ideals, his counsel was often sought upon by kings. In his advice to emperors, Confucius stressed on the importance of examples. He believed if the emperor lead his subjects by leading an exemplary life, his subjects would follow and the state would be harmonious and prosper. His virtue of ethics was based on a simple rule – do not what you do not wish to be done to yourself. This is a powerful statement that underlines the aim of following virtuous acts – bad is something which you do not want for yourself, good actions are the ones which you wish to be returned to you. Through this statement, people could contemplate the impact of their actions on others and for themselves, decide upon what was right and what was wrong. In his advice to emperors...
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...this you must understand all of the Tao. As humans we cannot force change on the world, simply follow the patterns that the universe has laid out before us. Never forget, “The Tao is like an empty bowl that holds and yields the vital energy in all things”. (Lao Tzu). Through this understanding you will reach fulfillment. Free yourself of all selfish desires and turn your attention and knowledge to the deep-rooted Tao, where all is one, and you will acquire the secrets of quiet and long-lasting life. "If evil spirits are not worshipped as good ones, good ones will do no injury. Neither will the Sages injure the people. Each will not injure the other. And if neither injures the other, then there will be mutual profit." (The Philosophy of Lao Tzu, 2007). In regards to Government, “It is the way of Heaven to take from those who have too much and give to...
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...The period in which the eastern philosophy became so popular in the United States and overall in the world was marked by the war in Vietnam. Due to this major, bloody and costly conflict people started to become less supportive and even to oppose the war and interventions overseas. This was a time in which they were looking for ideas and teachings of peace and love. Philosophy which can give them hope and harmony with nature, people and the world around them. The popularity of the Beatles and their trip to India gave a big push to and popularized the eastern teachings, which were largely unknown for the west until that moment. Young, “rebellious” people, the majority of which opposing the war, embraced these eastern ideas and philosophies,...
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...“So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans “by Jimmy Santiago Baca, the narrator explains in immigrants come to America and try to take make living for their families but society discriminate against them because they are different .American Dream” by Arnold Schwarnegger is an interview with Schwarzenegger detailing how a man tries to pursuit his dreams as a bodybuilder, never giving up no matter what. Even when he placed second times in competitions, he became successful in America. In other words, these two narrators give examples of how immigrants come from other countries, trying to pursuit dreams in another land, making better living for their children, and becoming leaders in many different ways. Society discriminates against them due to look. The optimistic tone of schwarnegger’s interview is in stark contrast to Baca’s poem, underlining American society’s preference for immigrants to European versus Latin-American descent. First, some people successfully sneak across the border but do not mean they will successful once they get to America. “So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs from Americans” by Baca gives a mental picture of where a lot of immigrants are coming from, and gives an understanding as to why they would choose to risk their lives coming to America. “The rifles I hear sound in the night are white farmers shooting blacks and browns whose ribs I see jutting out and starving children” reflects the bitterness he has towards Americans for the violence that occurs with border...
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...Eastern Matrix nene monroe PHL/215 February 26, 2014 Field | Definition | Historical Developments | Schools Of Thought | Key Contributors | Principal Issues | Eastern | Eastern philosophy includes the various philosophies of ancient China and India, but can also include Islamic, Jewish, and Persian philosophies | Frederick Streng: ways of defining religion.Mary Daly: religion reflects patriarchy | The problem of evilArguments of godFaith and resounding | Saint AnselmGauniloSt. Thomas Aquinas | What is religion?Is there true evidence of a god?Is there a heaven and hell? | | | | | | | Eastern and Western philosophy are similar but different in many ways. Eastern philosophy includes the various philosophies of ancient China and India, but can also include Islamic, Jewish, and Persian philosophies. Western philosophy refers to the philosophies developed by the ancient Greeks and Indians. There are many differences between Eastern and Western philosophy. One is the east uses concepts by intuition while the west uses concepts by postulations. Another is the west wants logical concrete proof while according to the east reality is known by intuition. The eastern philosophers are primarily practical while the western philosophers are primarily theoretical. The west is concerned basically with the modern world while the east is concerned with the ancient and past world. Lastly eastern philosophy relationship with religion is integration while western philosophy relationship...
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...Kogi State University Anyigba, P.M.B 1008 Faculty: Arts and Humanity, Department: Philosophy and Religious Studies. Name: HASSAN YAHAYA Matric No.: 12PR 1294 Course Code: Phil 410 Course Title: Oriental Philosophy Assignment Question: Discuss the basic tenets of Confucianism. In which ways has it Contributed to the Chinese society? Lecturer: Dr. John I. Ebeh Introduction: Confucianism is the traditional philosophy of the Chinese people and also a religion, mainly an ethical system or moral philosophy, named after its founder, Confucius (K’ung-Fu-Tzu), who was born in 551 B.C and died 479 B.C. it is not based on any metaphysical concept like the Taoism; it is the least metaphysical and the more practical of the Eastern philosophies considered. Confucius was a contemporary philosopher and also a contemporary Buddha. Below are the basic tenets of Confucianism; 1. Confucius never aimed at teaching anything new or founding anything new to the system; his aim was to simply give a re-interpretation and transmit to posterity the wisdom of the ancients. Thus he says and I quotes; “I communicate and do not invent. I have faith in antiquity and consecrate all my efforts to its cause”. The center of Confucius teaching is the concept of Jen, which has variously translated as human-heartedness (Derk Bodde, Fung Yu-lan), that by which a man is to be a man(Chan), the virtue of perfect humanity (Wei), compassion (Lin Yutang), and man – to – manness (E.R. Hughes). Jen is that which...
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...the most important in the origins and sowing the seeds that led to the Cold War in the years 1945 and 1946. It is widely perceived that the variances in philosophy was the focal reason, because America and the Soviet Union had virtually polar opposite understandings on how their country should be run and consequently capitalist and communist countries could not co-exist lacking any strain. Nonetheless, it is similarly claimed that the traits of the leaders of the three countries are a substantial influence to the Cold war conflict; Roosevelt and Truman of the United States, Stalin of the USSR and Churchill of the United Kingdom. This is because the attitudes of the three regularly clashed. It is furthermore disputed that national interests of the separate nations throughout and post-World War II formed strains among the countries of the USA and the USSR, since they both saw the others objectives as a danger to their individual national security. To assist the Cold War from occurring, it is said Winston Churchill is the crucial individual due to his ideological differences with Stalin. Churchill’s 1946 ‘Iron Curtain’ speech certainly caused tension: it unveiled to the world Stalin’s increasing “Soviet sphere” and “increasing measure of control from Moscow”, strongly showing his disapproval of Stalin’s swooping over Eastern Europe and inferring his strongly anti-communist stance. However, this speech was given in 1946, and Churchill was no longer the Prime Minister; that role...
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...How Did International Relations in Eastern Europe Serve to Cause the Soviet Union’s Collapse? The Soviet Union also known as the USSR was a major world power during its existence. Which began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 and went on until its collapse in 1991. The United States and the Soviet Union were ultimately large rivals since the commencement of World War 2, which created conflict known as the “Cold War”. While we are so grateful that a nuclear war did not break out, some believe that billions could have been killed if nuclear war broke out between the two countries. (“What is The Soviet Union”) The ultimate start of the Soviet Union was in 1917, with the frustration and annoyance from the Russians with the monarchy, which was presided by Czar Nicholas II. With this new idea of communism, it was surprisingly embraced by some of Russia’s top intellectuals. Communism, which is the socialist philosophy, which was encouraged and promoted by a philosopher by the name of Karl Marx in his 1848 political campaign. Communism was set in place to hopefully institute a classless, stateless society where, the people owned all means of production. With constant change and improvements, which can be ultimately argued, the intellectuals eventually got their way. While looking and reading about communism on paper alone seemed like a great idea on paper, unfortunately the implementation of communism in the USSR was profoundly corrupt and inevitably deadly to many. After...
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...Journal of World Business 37 (2002) 69±80 Eastern European cluster: tradition and transition     Gyula Bakacsi, Takacs Sandor, Karacsonyi Andras, Imrek Viktor1 Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration, 1093 Budapest, Hungary Abstract The eastern European cluster consists of Albania, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Poland, Russia, and Slovenia. It has a population of 232 million and a gross domestic product (GDP) of U.S.$772 billion. The cluster's distinctive cultural practices are high power distance and high family and group collectivism. The region is facing signi®cant challenges during its period of transition from communist philosophy to market-based economies. The participating managers value a much greater degree of future and performance orientation, but are strongly attached to their cultural heritage of deep family and group cohesion. They are also highly value charismatic and team-oriented leadership. The challenges and complexities facing the region are explored in the paper. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. 1. Introduction This article provides an in-depth look at the eastern European culture. This region is understudied due to its socialist past and was not (with the exception of Greece and Yugoslavia), included in Hofstede's seminal work (1980) or basic reviewing and synthesizing study of Ronen & Shenkar, 1985 comparative study of 25 countries. Over the past few years, a few writers have examined cultural and...
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...The Globalization Effect The waking of the “Giant” during World War II, gave way to the palpable strength of an American society that was felt throughout the new, post-war world. The democratic mission of America was brought forth and the words carved into the Statue of liberty “Give me your tired, your poor, your Huddled masses yearning to breathe free..” or the “American dream” showed once again to be the mission of the American/Western society. Post-war America, a more industrialized nation by then, started the globalization movement of a renewed capitalist society. After the war, America had a foothold in each corner of the world; this was the first time in history that the whole world could be impacted by the ideas of one nation and its allies. With the increase in globalization; new, postmodern issues presented themselves to western civilizations; issues which were not encountered since the Romanization period of Europe. The new, postmodern world was a macro view of an older, more micro world which was dependent on “states” being independent of the world around them. The more liberal views and tolerance towards religious freedom and the American integration of the world and same sex marriages was proven to be the catalyst for a new more expansive world in the 20th and 21st century. Integration of cultures is not unfamiliar. American and Western societies were based on an older practical model that had been used since Sumerians, one...
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...EAC/37/2009: CONTENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Scope of report Introduction to UBC Elements in the UBC Ecosystem 5 5 5 5 AIMS & METHODOLOGY Introduction Objective Process for selection Basis for selection Countries considered in the selection of the cases Case study partners 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 CASE STUDIES Case study key insights Classification of countries Nature of case study Case study quick-find 10 10 12 12 13 NORTHERN Europe Case 1: SEA, Denmark Case 2: ETM, Estonia Case 3: Demola, Finland Case 4: REAP, Ireland Case 5: Mobility at UL, Latvia Case 6: CSE, Sweden Case 7: SMIL, Sweden Case 8: SPEED, UK Case 9: IDI/Digital City, UK Case 10: Acua Limited, UK 18 19 25 30 35 41 46 52 57 63 70 76 80 84 90 96 EASTERN EUROPE Case 11: GIS, Bulgaria Case 12: TTO Pécs, Hungary Case 13: The Science and Economy Project, Poland Case 14: WCTT, Poland Case 15: Q-PlanNet, Romania 75 1 © Science-to-Business Marketing Research Centre CONTENTS SOUTHERN EUROPE Case 16: MUHC, Malta Case 17: PNICube, Italy Case 18: TTO Milano, Italy Case 19: InnoCash, Spain Case 20: INNOVA, Spain Case 21: INNPACTO, Spain 102 103 108 113 117 122 127 133 140 145 150 155 160 167 173 178 WESTERN EUROPE Case 22: Science Fit, Austria Case 23: FFG, Austria Case 24: TTI, Belgium Case 25: Promotech, France Case 26: UnternehmerTUM, Germany Case 27: The Partnering University Approach, Germany Case 28:...
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...international, family-owned business, which develops, manufactures and markets high-quality workwear and safety footwear for craftsmen and industry. For many years, the company has experienced rapid growth in turnover as well as revenue. At present, Mascot has a staff of more than 1300 competent and committed employees in Europe and Vietnam as well as a great number of workers in subcontracting sewing factories in the Far East. MASCOT is market leader withinworkwear in Denmark and among the leading brands in Europe. MASCOT was awarded the »Product Quality Leadership« among 750 European manufacturers of workwear. Tested to work According to the company MASCOT's TESTED TO WORK is more than just an slogan. It is also the fundamental work philosophy behind MASCOT as a company as high standards with regard to being TESTED TO WORK are set in all areas of...
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