...button to indicate that a screenreader is being used so we may better provide accessible content DEBUNKING TH E MYTHS OF DEBUNKING THE MYTHS OF EBOLA MARK PHILLIPS WESTERN GOVENERS UNIVERSITY LUT1 Debunking The Myths Of Ebola Introduction a. Audience Hook: There seems to be a lot of hysteria about Ebola in the news media. Look at any news source and Ebola is probably on the front page. It makes it seem as though we should be frightened, but how much of a threat does Ebola pose? This presentation was put together to debunk the myths of Ebola and outline what is being done to combat its spread in the United States. b. Thesis Statement: Research suggest that the current Ebola outbreak will not be an epidemic in the United States because it has limited transmission vectors, limited survival on fomites (inanimate objects), and adequate containment measures are achievable to prevent its transmission. Additionally the U.S. community and government responses will be much different than they are in the countries where Ebola is escalating. c. Preview of Main Points: i. Research indicates Ebola is not transmittable through the air but only by direct contact with an infected source so it appears that contact precautions will be an adequate barrier to its spread. ii. Ebola has limited ability to live on fomites therefore research shows that fomites must contain large sources of body fluids in order for the disease to...
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...Melissa Galarza May 26, 2015 A Journal of the Ebola Year Early Events of Ebola in Liberia: It was March 24th, 2014 when I first heard of the term Ebola. I, among the rest of my neighbors, were confused as to what exactly was happening. The Liberian Ministries of Information, Culture, Tourism and Health announced that two individuals from Lofa and Nimba County grew sick with symptoms of the virus. However, there was no confirmation. Some people said it was a government scam to attract Western aid; others said it was a deadly virus. Whichever it was, the only thing that mattered was that it was present in Liberia, near my home, Gbarpolu. My name is Juliet and at just 19 years old, I experienced the most devastating epidemic my country has ever faced. I’m a very curious person, so this became a journey to finding myself and helping others. However, my mother, father and younger sister of 9 years old were struck with terror when they gained knowledge of Ebola. They all relied on me to keep them safe since I was the only one who’s made it so far in school. We were a middle class family living in Gbarpolu and although we weren’t poor, we couldn’t afford to flee the country as a family. Actually, we could’ve but my father refused to use the money I had saved up for college to flee. So typical of him. Despite staying in Liberia during an intense epidemic, we dealt with it as knowledgeably as possible. This was only because we had the help of the internet – we are one out of 10...
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...Name: Professor: Title: Date of Submission: Origin and Spread Ebola Background According to WHO, Ebola which is a serious, acute illness if untreated is very fatal (WHO.Int). Ebola virus disease first appearance was in two simultaneous outbreaks back in 1976. One was in Yambuku in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the other in Nzara, Sudan. The name Ebola sprout from Yambuku neighbors a river known as Ebola River. In 2014, the first case was notified in March which is the most recent and is still a current outbreak in the West of Africa. Ideally, this is the most complex and largest Ebola outbreak since the 1976 first appearance. The numbers of deaths are the highest (WHO.Int). The spread began in Guinea before spreading to the bordering nations including Liberia and Sierra Leone, then to Nigeria through one traveller on air, and to Senegal through on traveller on land. Ebola hemorrhagic fever also the Ebola virus disease or simply Ebola is a disease of primates including humans whose cause is Ebola viruses. Fever, headaches, muscle pain and sore throats are the initial signs and symptoms that develop between two days and three weeks upon contracting the virus. Decreased function of the kidney and liver then follow in addition to rash, diarrhea and vomiting. At this time, it is likely to observe both external and internal bleeding. The risk of death in relation to Ebola is significantly high. Killings between 25% and 90% are recorded of those infected which extends to...
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...Ebola viral disease: What is to be Done? On March 21, 2014, there was a report of a disease that was ripping through African countries. It was soon discovered that the disease was the Ebola viral disease also known as EVD. In a matter of a few short months, the Ebola virus was reported in three of Guinea’s Conakry city districts named Gueckedou, Macenta, and Kissidougou, in Liberia’s Foya district, and in Sierra Leone (Dixon, Meredith G., and Ilana J. Schafer). On October 23, 2014, there was the first recorded Ebola case in the United States. There would be three more confirmed cases before the news would declare that the United States was Ebola-free. Those that had been infected with the virus had picked them up while in Guinea and had been transported to the U.S. for treatment. There was a scare when two health care personnel tested positive with the virus while caring for others. However, due to Emory Hospital’s fantastic protocols, the virus was contained and eventually cleared from the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Nonetheless, the Ebola viral disease is a deadly virus most commonly found in African countries in which outbreaks have occurred throughout history; but through careful procedures, and a change in current ideals, it can be contained and even prevented on a broader scale. The first main concept is the Ebola is a deadly disease that has affected hundreds around the world and currently does not have a cure. According to...
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...Helping. The coming of Ebola and its subsequent global spread has becoming impossible to ignore. In just over 8 months, the virus has infected a confirmed amount of almost 18,000 people worldwide, with over 6,000 of those cases resulting in death (CDC). Coinciding with the sudden appearance of cases emerging within the United States, the country is experiencing its most widespread health scare since the introduction of AIDS in the 1980’s. The thought of contracting the disease is terrifying, capable of invoking strong instinctual reactions, especially when considering the near 60% kill rate and the horrendous damage it can cause to the body. While we have witnessed a Third-World...
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...Ebola is a virus that is often fatal without proper medical attention or if left untreated. There are three strains of Ebola, Bundibugyo, Zaire, and Sudan. Based on the PBS Frontline video entitled Outbreak, the disease was contracted by bats that the people of the Meliandou Village of Guinea in West Africa ate. Ebola is transmitted to humans that are in close contact with blood, organs, and any other bodily fluids from infected animals such as apes, bats, and porcupines. It is spread through direct human to human contact with infected blood, secretion, and other bodily fluids. Ebola has an incubation period of two to twenty-one days. The symptoms include: fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, impaired...
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...while avoiding measures that will create unnecessary interference with international travel or trade. Discuss this view. (15 marks) Ebola was first detected in 1976 in Sudan and Zaire (named after the Ebola River in Zaire). The first outbreak of Ebola – Sudan – infected over 284 people, having a mortality rate of 53%. A few months later, the second Ebola virus emerged from Yambuku in Zaire – the virus being called Zaire – this virus had the highest mortality rate of any of the Ebola viruses, infected 318 people. There are 3 more strains of Ebola, including the strain that is now being spread. This strain being spread now is Zaire and it is killing several people. The Ebola outbreak that broke out in West Africa is spreading faster than efforts to control it. On the 1st of August the virus has claimed to have lost 728 lives in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone and statistics at this time has claimed that Ebola kills up to 90% of those infected. This virus is spread by contact with infected blood, bodily fluids, organs – or contaminated environments. Patients will have a much stronger change of survival if they receive early treatment. Initial flu like symptoms can lead to external haemorrhaging from the eyes and gums, and internal bleeding that can lead to organ failure. Currently there is no vaccine to prevent, or a treatment to cure Ebola. However it has been rumoured that we are on track to finding them. There will be trial dates set near the end of 2014 and into the early...
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...Paper 1 Ebola Ebola first appeared in 1976 in 2 separate incidents which occurred at the same time. The first one in Nzara, Sudan the other in Yambuka Democratic Republic of Congo in a village near the Ebola river, from which the disease gets its name. The reason why Ebola is spreading so frequently now is because the latest case have started in Guinea und has spread into Liberia and Sierra Leone, It is stilled being carried by persons from one to the other so it has not changed. The Human is being infected by coming into contact with an animal that has the disease which then infects that person who then in turns infects other people he comes into contact with. The ways that an infected person infects another person is from direct contact through broken skin or mucous membrane with the blood or other bodily fluids or secretions of the infected person. The incubation period range from 2 to 21 days. I now from personal experience that the Military has a 21 day incubation period for all those that come back from the West Africa Region, but it is not on the same post where you are stationed but on one of the 6 posts that are specially set up for this, this areas are like you normal place of duty or home, you are there just to be checked if you have the disease as you go about your daily routine. People that are exposed to Ebola are encouraged to seek out medical attention right away so that they can get proper...
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...EBOLA VIRUS (EBOV)1 Ebola Virus (EBOV) Alaina White Microbiology 11/04/2014 EBOLA VIRUS (EBOV)2 Ebola Virus (EBOV) The Ebola virus causes a serious illness, that causes haemorrhagic fever in humans and animals which, if it is not treated in time is often fatal. Diseases that are fatal like Ebola, affect the body's vascular system, which makes it hard for the blood to circulte through the body. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the first notification of the ebola virus was mentioned in the Ebola River valley in Zaire for the time of an outburst in 1976 (Olival et al., 2013). Researchers claim that the virus is zoonotic (animal-borne), with 4 out of 5 subtypes that happen in animal hosts close to Africa (MacNeil et al., 2010). Literature Review It has been proven by scientists that the Ebola virus can be transferred from one human beng to another by means of bodily contact. The common geographic territory that ia mostly influenced by divergent subtypes of the Ebola virus is Central Africa, especially the cities of Zaire, Sudan, and Gabon (Chepurnov, Bakulina, Dadaeva, Ustinova, & Chepurnova, 2009). Ebola virus infection runs its course from 14 to 21 days. Firstly, the infection can be identified with symptoms that are uncommon for the flu, including malaise, fever, and muscles pain. With the progress of infection, patients experience acute bleeding and coagulation abnormalities such as a rash, gastrointestinal bleeding (Chepurnov, Bakulina, Dadaeva...
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...Discuss the emergence of the Ebola pandemic as a threat to national security INTRODUCTION National security is the protection or the safety of a country’s secrets and its citizens. The term national security encompasses within it economic security, monetary security, energy security, environmental security, military security, political security and security of energy and natural resources. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines. As times progress threats to national security are constantly increasing with threats such as climate change, transnational crime, espionage, cyber terrorism and bio-terrorism. This paper is going to look at Ebola as a threat to national security. Weaponization Ebola's exponential spread has rekindled fears that terrorists may seek to turn the virus into a powerful weapon of mass destruction. Ebola virus is classified as a biosafety level 4 agent, as well as a Category A bioterrorism agent by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. It has the potential to be weaponized for use in biological warfare, National security and infectious disease experts agree the obstacles to a large-scale assault with Ebola are formidable. For starters, a bioterrorist would have to obtain the virus and be able to...
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...disappeared and newer, more daunting ones have emerged. Many of these changes have taken place in the wake of important transformations in human civilizations and ecology. It is therefore feasible to propose that diseases succeed and fail in response to humanity's advances. Natural selection is unable to provide us with perfect protection against all pathogens, because they tend to evolve much faster than humans do. E. coli, for example, with its rapid rates of reproduction, has as much opportunity for mutation and selection in one day as humanity gets in a millennium. And our defenses, whether natural or artificial, make for potent selection forces. Pathogens either quickly evolve a counter defense or become extinct. Diseases such as AIDS, Ebola, Polio have shown their wrath and humans have sought to find cures and treatment options. By definition, disease is essentially “a disorder of structure or function that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affect a specific location (not just from a physical injury)” (WHO, 2007). The true boundaries and limitations of disease remain elusive. Healthcare specialists and researchers use “normal” conditions as their basis in order to understand what disease is. By understanding what disease is, one can target and identify the causes of the “abnormal” condition. The truth about diseases is that they are all relative. The question of how disease came to be remains unanswered though. Diseases are about as old as time—they have always...
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...kasl;dka;s da;sdlas;dasnfks Dasdmsakdmlasdas;das Dasd a;sdlas Transmission It is thought that fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are natural Ebola virus hosts. Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals such as chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest. Ebola then spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids. Health-care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD. This has occurred through close contact with patients when infection control precautions are not strictly practiced. Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased person can also play a role in the transmission of Ebola. People remain infectious as long as their blood and body fluids, including semen and breast milk, contain the virus. Men who have recovered from the disease can still transmit the virus through their semen for up to 7 weeks after recovery from illness. Symptoms of Ebola virus disease The incubation period, that is, the time interval from infection with the virus to onset of symptoms is 2 to 21 days. Humans are...
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...Ebola is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with symptoms such as fever and severe internal bleeding which can lead to organ shutdown. People can be exposed to the virus by direct contact of blood or secretions from the body. The Ebola virus came from several African countries. An “ Ebola” outbreak happened in Boston, December of 2014. Lee Gehrke an MIT professor had been working on a test for 2 years prior to the outbreak in MA. to determine which virus is Ebola or another virus so that they could find a way to stop the virus from spreading. He continued his research and work in developing a test, creating a $3 device that screens for the condition by sopping up a drop of blood from a finger prick and analyzing it in under...
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...“The Ebola Outbreak in Africa” My individual Work: Researched Disaster & Disaster Plans: Ebola Outbreak (Completed). By: Regina J. Patton Workplace continuity & Contingency Planning – 4 Instructor: Sheila Highland Everest University Online October 19th, 2014 (Author Notes) Kaye, David is a leading author, lecturer, examiner and workshop leader on Risk Management and business continuity subjects. Professor Kaye guides a diverse range of companies and public sector organizations on risk related issues around the world. He is an FCII, FBCI, MIRM, FRSA and chartered insurer. Julia Graham is a former Board member of the Business Continuity Institute, the Chartered Insurance Institute and Chair of the British Standards Committee responsible for developing the British Standard for Risk Management (BS31100). Julia is the current Chair of AIRMIC, the association of insurance and risk managers which represents the majority of FTSE 250 companies in the UK. She is an FBCI, FCII and Chartered Insurer. Rothstein, Philip J., is FBCI, Editor. “The Ebola Outbreak” The Ebola virus disease has become one most recent national disaster. The Ebola outbreak started in West Africa and they believe that it started with one person. According to the CDC, the 2014 outbreak is the largest in history. West Africa was the first documented appearance of the Abola virus disease, which has spread to a number of states here in the US. The latest was in Dallas Texas. It has been said...
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...Ebola: Overview of the Disease: Ebola, formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is an uncommon but often deadly disease. This disease was first discovered when two outbreaks happened simultaneously in 1976 with cases in Sudan and The Democratic Republic of Congo. (1, 2015) It can affect non-human primates and also humans. Evidence suggests that fruit bats (Pteropodidae) may have been the Ebola virus source. (2, 2015) To date, there have been over 28,000 cases and over 11,000 deaths. (1, 2015) Since it was discovered, Ebola has had several outbreaks in Africa, but nothing of the scale of the current outbreak. More cases and deaths have occurred in the past 18 months than each previous outbreak combined. Symptoms: Usually symptoms appear...
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