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What is an externality? Provide at least three examples. How does one of the examples you provided affect the market outcome? What is the role of government in addressing the implications of an externality you provided as an example? Is it possible that a government’s solution to a market failure would worsen the failure? Explain your answer.

Externality is defined as an effect of a decision on a third party not taken into account by the decision maker. There are two types of externalities being positive and negative. Second hand smoke would be a negative externality. The smoker does not take into account the smoke emitted from their cigarette. Education would be considered a positive externality. When an individual is educated, their employer benefits from your expertise on the matter that was studied. It also helps to employ teachers with jobs in order to educate us. Innovation is also a positive externality. The effects of innovation helps businesses become more efficient, in respects to technological innovation. Innovation affects market outcome. With Apple's determination of constant innovation, consumers are chomping at the bit for the next generation "iProduct." Each product surpasses the previous with updated features.

The government has no role in addressing the sale of "iProducts," and their externalities. But if there were a market failure for these products, the government could intervene on their behalf. The government could implement a tax incentive program for consumers or businesses to purchase Apple products based on the green movement. For example, at my job, we have to physically write patient care reports. In order to reduce paper usage, iPads can be implemented to create e-documents instead of paper reports. Not only would this be the "greener" way to go, but it would also improve efficiency in regards to the organization of patient

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