...The Ecological Model and My Own Development David O Cook Liberty University Counseling 620 April 12, 2015 Abstract According to McWhirter (2013), “Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) ecological model rests on the thesis that humans develop and grow within the context of a number of reciprocal systems” (p. 21). The theory presents that adolescence’s development is effected by everything in their surroundings. This paper will address the different systems that divide the ecological systems theory and how they have affected my own development through my life. Microsystem The first level discussed in the ecological theory will be the microsystem. This is the part that is closest around the person and is especially important to development because there is direct contact to the person (McWhirter et al, 2013). Example of the system would be a home environment, work place and school. This microsystem would include family members, other peers and direct caregivers. These relationships that are in this system can be viewed as reciprocal in direction. The interactions in the relationships are made up of reactions on both sides. These actions of the person are influenced by how they are treated in the relationship. This could be looked at as the most influential system in the theory. The microsystem in my own development would consist mostly of my family in the home environment. In my early life I was around four older brothers and two older...
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...races continue to have higher rates of teen pregnancies than others. It is imperative to understand what social determinants place certain adolescents most at risk of becoming pregnant. The social ecological model multiple level approach is a great health model used to explain how outside factors, beyond the individual, put adolescents more at risk. At the intrapersonal level, common pregnancy myths such as “you will not get pregnant the first time you have sex” continue to believe by teenagers. Limited knowledge on reproductive health position the individual at higher risk. At the interpersonal level...
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...Assignment One: Worksite and Business Physical Activity Interventions Theoretical Framework: The Social Ecological Model In the field of Health Education and Promotion, health educators seek to address problems across a broad spectrum, which involves working on multiple factors to improve the overall health of the target population. The ecological perspective focuses on both the importance of individual and social environmental factors as targets for health promotion interventions (McLerory et al., 1988)). The Social Ecological Models explains that interventions programs focused on change should be directed on an interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional, community, or public policy level. McLerory et al. states that, “the model assumes...
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...The Social Ecological Model (SEM) is appropriate for looking at factors associated with increased or decreased risk of Type 2 Diabetes. This is important because chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, can be complex and it’s essential to look at the whole picture instead of a small section of the problem. The SEM allows for social and individual determinants to be addressed at multiple levels within the model: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy (“Ecological Model”, 2012). The individual level looks at the knowledge, attitudes, or skills of an individual person. Interpersonal level involves family, friends, and social networks surrounding someone. At the organizational level, where the focus is on different...
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...end of the continuum.17,34,121 The linear models did not explain the complexity of the process which led to the development of more dynamic models. The Ecological Model of Sensory Modulation, described by Miller, subscribes to the belief that sensory modulation as interlinked, rather than linear.34 Central to this model is the relationship between the internal and external factors; with SMD resulting from the interaction between several factors.34 The factors include contextual factors (culture, environment, relationships and tasks); and individual symptoms (sensation, emotion and attention).34 The child’s responses are analysed within the context of their external life. Dunn’s Sensory Processing Framework (figure 2.4.) is widely recognised...
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...UNIT 1 In this unit it was critical to understand that health has different levels of socio-ecological levels. • Interpersonal Level • Intra Personal Level • Institutional level • Community Level and; • Policy Level. I love the categorization given to the ecological factors influencing health by CDC (The Social-Ecological Model: A Framework for Prevention, 2013). According to WHO(1948) definition of health which says “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. I had a previous notion that when I feel fine, strong, eat well, sleep well, no pain or weakness then I am healthy. It brought about a sense of clarity to me that I was influenced by my environment, My...
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...As we have learned form this week’s readings and lecture notes, an organizations strategy is critical in gaining competitive advantage in ones market. Corporate strategy serves as the roadmap to the organizations success in achieving its pre-defined objectives. The organization must possess a unique strategic management guide in order to perfect business practices that drive profit and meet the needs of the market. As the article suggests, Emirates, Qatar, and Etihad have certainly emerged as strategic competitors in the aviation industry. Emirates, Qatar, and Etihad have built their strategy based on adaptability to change in the aviation industry environment as well as advantages they find within their home countries. Some examples are as follows: * Capitalize on open land- Market leaders such as America and Europe have no land available for expansion projects, opening the door for Emirates, Qatar, and Etihad to build new ideal routes into their projects. * Open Skies policy-The policy has made it easier, cheaper, and more comfortable for people to pass through Dubai than London. * Low operating and overhead costs- relaxed labor practices allow Emirates, Qatar, and Etihad to pay lower wages to their employees than most competitors in the US and Europe. This reduces overhead and allows for more competitive pricing thereby making for a more attractive customer option. * Entering untapped markets- moving into markets that were otherwise unconnected...
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...[pic] An organization does not need any strategy if it is not in a competitive situation TETA-2607 Strategic Management • Do you agree with the claim and what grounds can you provide to support your stance? • Can an organization ever be in such a situation in which it does not encounter any competition whatsoever? | | | |TABLE ON CONTENTS |PAGE | |What is strategy |03 | |LEVELS OF STRATEGY |03 | |Corporate strategy |03 | |BUSINESS STRATEGY | | |FUNCTIONAL STRATEGY | | | |04 | |strategy in absence of competition | ...
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...Competitive Advantages Paper Erika Hamel MGT/498 John Paul Warren 08-11-14 Riordan Manufacturing has a lot in common with the two companies I researched last week. Both Nike and A.O. Smith are trying to a find competitive edges to stay ahead of their competitors, and remain number one against their competition. Riorden is trying to do the same thing. They are trying to implement a tracking system that will track and manage raw material, and finished products across all plants. This will reduce their inventory costs, which in return can make their prices more attractive and cheaper for their customers. This could give them a competitive edge against their competitors. A.O. Smith is trying to create a world class supply chain that has the capability to deliver their boilers and heaters in a time efficient manner to the more than 60 countries in which they operate. This will give them the global advantage of being able to sell their products all across the world, which in return will make them a much bigger company, and increase profits. Nike also is constantly trying find ways to stay current and ahead of their competition. Nike has implemented a manufacturing index, which allows their organization to take a comprehensive look at their factories total performance, and the techniques those contract factories are using to achieve sustainability (Nike, 2012). Nike’s manufacturing index is a very effective assessment tool as it allow Nike to “elevates labor and environmental...
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...Understanding the Competition “Know your [competition], know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles without disaster.” ~ Sun Tzu YOU are running a company, advising companies or would one day like to be. A company needs to understand its competition, and here are 11 points to help you do that. 1. Identify the competition Who are the company’s major competitors? Taking Cadbury as an example, some of its major competitors are Lindt, Ferrero, Nestlé, Hershey and Mars. 2. Segment Are you able to segment the competition in a meaningful way? You may be able to segment by distribution channel, region, product line, or customer segment. For example, the FOX Broadcasting Company may want to segment its competition by region. In America, some of its major competitors include PBS, NBC, CBS and ABC. In Australia, its competitors include Channel 7, 9 and 10 as well as ABC and SBS. 3. Concentration What is the concentration of competitors in the market? That is, are there lots of small competitors (a low concentration industry) or a few dominant players (high concentration industry)? Examples of high concentration industries include oil, tobacco and soft drinks. Examples of low concentration industries include wheat and corn. 4. Size What is the sales volume and market share of the major competitors? 5. Growth What are the historical growth rates of the competition? 6. Performance What is the historical performance of the competition? Relevant indicators of performance...
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...1. Netflix is positioned well on Porter's matrix, utilizing both a low cost strategy to attract and retain "heavy users" of their service as well as a differentiation strategy for those customers who don't want to spend time going to an actual store to rent DVD's. Additionally, the rating system Netflix uses suggests other videos a customer may be interested based on the unique ratings of past movies they've seen. Netflix may be at risk to lose the low cost aspect of their business with increasing pressure from Amazon as well as profit erosion caused by increasing postage rates. With Netflix being so popular, they are able to see exactly who their competitors are and work out better themselves. 2. Netflix’s main competitive strategy is to get subscribers on their online delivery program to make it easier for their customers to get the product. Not having to leave the comfort of their own home, customers are able to receive DVD’s of their choice whenever they want through mail, and return those DVD’s whenever they want. This idea allows the consumers to have a no pressure feel while having their DVD’s. Netflix competes on a Differentiation/Cost Leadership strategy as their target scope is broad and they offer a fairly unique service to their customers, but also appeal to frequent renters as a low cost alternative to a traditional video rental store. It is nice to customers to not be able to leave their home and have Netflix right at the click of a button. Now they even have...
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...Basic principals of competitive strategy Industry(whether product or service) is a group of competitors producing products or services that compete directly with each other-to understand competition Distinct industry with similar sources of competitive advantage 2 central concerns underlie the choice of competitive strategy: Industry structure-where firms compete. Industries differ in the nature of competition, and they don’t offer equal opportunities for sustained profitability. Positioning within an industry-some positions are more profitable than others Both industry structure and competitive position are dynamic. Industries can become more or less attractive over time, as barriers to entry or other elements of industry structure change. Competitive position reflects an unending battle among competitors. Industry attractiveness and competitive position can be shaped by firms. The structural analysis of industries In any industry, whether it is domestic or international, the nature of competition is embodied in 5 competitive forces The threat of new entrants-brand loyalty, economies of scale, the need to penetrate distribution channels. The threat of substitute products or services The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of buyers The rivalry among the existing competitiors The strengths of the 5 forces varies from industry to industry and determines long-term industry profitability. In industries in which the 5 forces are favourable e.g....
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...• Be competent in discussing the major concepts underpinning business level strategy and applying these in business case settings. • Be capable of applying a series of fundamental business strategy tools (including industry analysis, competitive strategy and resource and capability tools) and techniques to the formulation and analysis of value creation and capture at a strategic level. Porter 5 Force analysis Porter framework assumes: 1. industry structure drives competitive behaviour 2. Industry structure is (fairly) stable. [pic] Case: Airline Industry …. Porter’s 5 forces – purpose: Identifying the different stakeholders, or ‘forces’, which affect: • The level of competition in an industry. • The ability of a company to become powerful in that industry. Threat of New Entrants : • Company’s Point of view • Industry Point of view • Huge Capital Required • High Maintenance Cost • Brand Identity. • Govt. Policy Supplier’s Bargaining Power • Aircraft Manufacturers • Fuel Companies Buyer’s Bargaining Power • Travel Agents • Business Travelers Threat Of Substitute • Railway service • Bus service • Water Transport • Video conferences (for business flyers) Competitive Rivalry • Highly Competitive Industry. • Can work as growth driver for Industry. External Analysis: Porter’s Five Forces...
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... 3) China’s internet industry experienced remarkable growth during the first years of the twenty-first century. Ebay: 1) Leveraging its worldwide capabilities in order to compete against home-grown rivals in China. 2) Ebay acquired one-third of EachNet’s share in March 2002, and the other two-thirds a year later. 3) Ebay used capital from its IPO and the accompanying higher pressure for growth and reached beyond the United States for additional gwoth opportunities. 2. What were the key resources and capabilities that led to Taobao’s success in the competition with Ebay? 1) Competing for customers: Taobao approached advertising very differently than did Ebay. Taobao launched with an entirely no-fee model. It further extended the no-fee plan for three additional years starting in 2005. 2) Competing in payment services: the workforce at Taobao worked feverishly to launch its integrated payment system, AliPay, within three months of the website’s official launch in 2003. 3) Competing for Partnerships: Taobao and Sohu entered into a partnership, giving Taobao a foothold in online advertising. 3. What was Taobao’s business strategy and why did it succeed? Low rivalry among existing firms: few competitors. The main competitor was eBay. Low entry by potential competitors: because Taobao almost a...
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...Competing in the market An organization or (firm) needs to know how to be able to think like its competitors to sustain its competitive advantages in its market place. The first step in being able to think like your competitors is to understand a competitor analysis. Market commonality and Resource similarity are the concepts to the building blocks for a competitor analysis. Motivation, awareness, and ability, are more specific factors that affect the likelihood a competitor will take competitive action. First things first, who is a competitor and what is a competitive rivalry? Competitors are firms who compete in the same market, with similar products, and targeting the same customer demographics as your firm (Hitt, 2008). As the firms compete in the same market an ongoing set of competitive actions and competitive responses occur between competitors as they compete against each other for a market position, this is known as competitive rivalry (Hitt, 2008). Knowing your competitors by studying competitive rivalry in order to predict the competitive actions and responses that each of their competitors likely will take. The firm’s first step is a competitor’s analysis (Hitt, 2008). Competitor analysis in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors (Hitt, 2008). This analysis provides both an offensive and defensive strategic context to identify opportunities and threats. Thus, understanding...
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