1. Give the different types of electronic commerce software a. E-Commerce Marketplaces - Internet, intranet, and extranet websites and portals hosted by individual companies, consortiums of organizations, or third-party intermediaries providing electronic catalog, exchange, and auction markets to unite buyers and sellers to accomplish e-commerce transactions. b. E-Commerce Auction - e-commerce auction is an auction website which allows consumers (and businesses) to buy and sell with each other in an auction process. c. E-Commerce Catalog - E-commerce catalog is a high-speed web-trading site, which offers electronic catalog shopping and ordering for products, which are offered by many suppliers in an industry. d. E-Commerce Exchange - E-commerce exchange is a high-speed platform where buyers and sellers can interact to negotiate prices for products and services. e. E-Commerce Portal E-commerce portals are developed and hosted by third-party market maker companies who serve as infomediaries that bring buyers and sellers together in catalog, exchange, and auction markets. f. E-Commerce Success Factors: Some of the key factors for success in e-commerce include: selection and value, performance and service, look and feel, advertising and incentives, personal attention, community relationships, and security and reliability.

g. E-Commerce Technologies: - Electronic commerce can be viewed as depending on six layers of technology: application services, brokerage and data management, interface services, secure messaging, middleware services, and network infrastructure. 2. What are the different types of web hosting alternatives? a. Shared Hosting - Shared hosting is the most popular and the cheapest website hosting method where many sites are hosted by different clients on the same physical host to share resources. The resources are things like RAM, CPU, and other parts of the server that run your site. In addition, the host provides system administration and does not require any technical expertise. b. Dedicated Hosting - Dedicated hosting is a hosting plan where you hire a server that is not shared with anyone else and is used all by yourself. You are the master of this elastic kind of hosting service supplied with the authority to use all the resources and host multiple websites, responsible for its security and reliability but you do not own it. c. Managed Hosting - Managed hosting service is an advanced version of web hosting and the most expensive hosting alternative. This is alike dedicated hosting but the difference is that you do not have control of the actual server. The web host handles your server for you, controls the security, root access, and reliability of the actual server. d. Unmanaged Hosting - unmanaged dedicated web hosting, you are an administrator responsible for configuring and maintaining the server and for keeping the server hacker free by keeping up to date software on it. This grants the user the large amount of control and flexibility. e. Colocation Hosting - Colocation Hosting provides you with the space to use the server, electrical support and internet connection for the server but the actual Colocation server is yours. Colocation web hosting is the most expensive web hosting service available. The host does not provide much in the way of support or maintenance of the server. f. Ecommerce Hosting - Ecommerce web site hosting entails to provide ecommerce-hosting solutions when hosting a web site. Ecommerce web hosting provides several helpful features to facilitate business transactions easily over the internet and permits people to shop online via means of their credit card. g. Grid Hosting - Grid hosting is a bunch of websites all sharing a bunch of servers rather than a couple of websites sharing one server. It is the application of computer resources from multiple administrative domains applied to a problem that needs access to a large number of computing cycles or the need to process large amounts of data. h. Reseller Web Hosting - Reseller hosting allows customers to become hosts themselves. It is a strategic type of web hosting where you buy server space, market it yourself, and then sells it to other users online. i. Free Web Hosting - Free web hosting is the simplest kind of web hosting offered entirely free to users to upload a certain amount of content in the web with some level of customization. This type of web hosting is normally endorsed by advertisements on hosted web sites to yield profit. j. Clustered Hosting - Clustered hosting is a group of servers clustered in the same network hosting the same content for better resource usage, increasing accessibility and you also benefit from several other services. k. Root Server Hosting - Another name for Root Server hosting is semi-managed hosting letting you to access the root of the server itself, while offering various benefits, such as authentic infrastructure, security and upkeep of hardware. Root Server hosting gives continuous internet connectivity and higher degree of flexibility for you to choose operations systems and hardware specifications most desirable for your needs. l. Green Hosting - Green or Eco-friendly website hosting is eco-friendly and is a new addition in hosting services arising in popularity. Eco-friendly hosting company endeavors to prove that they are not having any negative affect on the environment in an effort to draw consumers. 3. What are the legal, ethical and tax issues under ecommerce? a. Borders and Jurisdiction - Territorial borders in the physical world serve a useful purpose in traditional commerce: They mark the range of culture and reach of applicable laws very clearly. When people travel across international borders, they are made aware of the transition in many ways. b. Jurisdiction on the Internet - Governments that want to enforce laws regarding business conduct on the Internet must establish jurisdiction over that conduct. c. Use and Protection of Intellectual Property in Online Business - Online businesses must be careful in their use of intellectual property. Intellectual property is a general term that includes all products of the human mind. These products can be tangible or intangible. d. Domain Names, Cybersquatting, and Name Stealing - Considerable controversy has arisen recently about intellectual property rights and Internet domain names. Cybersquatting is the practice of registering a domain name that is the trademark of another person or company in the hopes that the owner will pay huge amounts of money to acquire the URL. e. Protecting Intellectual Property Online - Several industry trade groups have proposed solutions to the current problems in digital copyright protection, including host name blocking, packet filtering, and proxy servers. f. Defamation - A defamatory statement is a statement that is false and that injures the reputation of another person or company. If the statement injures the reputation of a product or service instead of a person, it is called product disparagement. g. Advertising Regulation - In the United States, advertising is regulated primarily by the Federal Trade Commission. h. Online Crime, Terrorism and Warfare - Crime on the Web includes online versions of crimes that have been undertaken for years in the physical world, including theft, stalking, distribution of pornography, and gambling. Other crimes, such as commandeering one computer to launch attacks on other computers, are new. i. Online Warfare and Terrorism - The Internet provides an effective communications network on which many people and businesses have become dependent. j. Privacy Rights and Obligations - The issue of online privacy is continuing to evolve as the Internet and the Web grow in importance as tools of communication and commerce. k. Communications with Children - In the United States, Congress enacted the Children`s Online Protection Act (COPA) in 1998 to protect children from "material harmful to minors." This law was held to be unconstitutional because it unnecessarily restricted access to a substantial amount of material that is lawful, thus violating the First Amendment. l. Taxation an Electronic Commerce - An online business can become subject to several types of taxes, including income taxes, transaction taxes, and property taxes. Income taxes are levied by national, state, and local governments on the net income generated by business activities. Transaction taxes, which include sales taxes, use taxes, excise taxes, and customs duties, are levied on the products or services that the company sells or uses.