History of the Internet began a string of arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first satellite Sputnik 1 that trigger their arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States when Dwight Eisenhower created ARPA agency (later named as DARPA) to lead in the technology. ARPA appointed JCR Licklider to head the IPTO a new organization with a mandate to further research the SAGE program to protect U.S. airspace from nuclear attack. At the IPTO, Licklider promote the idea has benefits communication network across the country and this affects the successor after Lawrence Roberts to take the work to implement the vision.
Roberts led the development of new ideas based network packet switched (packet switching), which was discovered by Paul Baran at RAND and a few years later by Donald Davies at the UK National Physical Laboratory. A special computer called Interface Message Processor (Interface Message Processor) developed for the design and realization of the ARPANET began operating in early October 1969. The first communication between research done at the University of California at Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute.
The first network protocol is used ARPANET Network Control Program (Network Control Program). In 1983, this protocol was replaced by TCP / IP, developed olehRobert Kahn, Vint Cerf and others. The use of this protocol thus be widespread throughout the world.
In 1990, the ARPANET was retired and transferred to the NSFNET. NSFNET was then connected to the connecting CSNET universities around North America and then on to the connecting Eunet research facilities in Europe. With visionary management played by NSF and fueled by the popularity of the web, the internet exploded after 1990. This caused the U.S. government to transfer management to independent organizations starting in