...Global Business and Economics Research Journal ISSN: 2302-4593 Vol. 2 (5): 102 - 115 The impact of petroleum on economic growth in Nigeria Michael Baghebo Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria baghebomichael@yahoo.com Timothy Okule Atima Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria Abstract The study examines the impact of petroleum on economic growth of the Nigerian economy. Data covering the period 1980-2011 was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, and transparency international Agency annual publications and analyzed using econometric approach. The stationary status of the time series data was examined using Augmented Dickey Fuller test. The regressand is Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), The regressors are Foreign direct investment (FDI), Oil revenue (OIL), Corruption index (CI), External debt (EXDEBT). The series attained stationary after differencing. The Johansen cointegration test was conducted to ascertain the long run equilibrium condition of the variables in the model. The variables were cointegrated because four cointegrating equations were found. The Parsimonous model was established to account for the short run dynamic adjustments required for stable long run equilibrium. It was discovered that the variables: oil revenue and corruption index impacts negatively on Real GDP, while FDI and EXDEBT have positive impact on the growth of the economy. This means that the resource curse theory is proven to be true in Nigeria. The...
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...DEFORESTATION By: Madan Thapa Economics 2302 Tarrant County College Southeast Abstract This paper gives the definition of deforestation and also shows the effects of it in the environment. This paper talks about the programs that are implemented in three major parts of the world Brazil in South America, Congo Basin in Africa and Indonesia in Asia. A forest is a home of many animals, insects, and plants. Cutting down trees means making all of these creatures homeless and make them extinct. Deforestation means cutting down trees of a forest for other purposes such as to make a farm, for mining, to make roads and for grazing of cattle. Deforestation have a very serious effect on environment, but also people don’t stop cutting down trees because they need money, a space to build their houses, and to make space for agriculture as well. Cutting down tries without care have severe effect in the whole ecosystem. Although the effect of deforestation is high, the products made from the trees are a large part of the economy in both developed and developing countries. The trees are used in building houses, making papers and also for heating and cooking purposes. The cutting down of trees can help in increasing countries GDP for short term, but at the end it causes many devastating effects which leads into decrease in the economy. This can be seen in many developing countries. The major effect of deforestation can be seen in developing countries like Congo, Indonesia, and Brazil...
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...Economics of a College Drop Out Research Term Paper By Eleazar Rangel 7/02/2013 South Texas College Econ 2302 Professor Oscar Plaza A. Introduction: Economics of a Dropout High cost of college and several other factors are causing the number of college dropouts to rise drastically. Understanding why this numbers are soaring is important. For example why has the rise of the cost of college nearly sextupled since 1985? Or why has the student loan debt held by Americans surpassed the $1 trillion mark? In addition to answering these questions, I will discuss the different arguments, opinions; facts regarding the toll college dropout play in this economy, and finally my final point regarding this college dropout syndrome. B. The issue: Why are students dropping out of college? This is an important topic because what factors cause students to drop out of college? According to a study from Harvard University, only 56% of students who enter college or universities graduated within a six-year period (only 29% who enter a two-year program graduate within a three year span). A main factor, according to the Harvard study, is the rising cost of the college education. Since 1985 the amount of student loan debt has surpassed the $1trillion mark and cost of a college education has sextupled. The graph below, by the Federal Reserve Bank in New York, shows the difference in price changes since 1985. As you can see in the graph college tuition and fees has drastically...
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...course is designed to provide you with a thorough understanding of the importance of money, banking, and financial markets. Money, financial institutions, and financial markets have emerged as instruments of payments for the services of factors of production. As markets expand and develop on a national and international level, the importance of money, banking, and other financial markets expands to accommodate innumerable exchanges. This course will allow you to understand the origins and nature of money, as well as the institutions and markets that enable the exchange of goods and services. Moreover, it will help you develop an appreciation for important concepts in economics, from interest rates and central banking to stocks, bonds, and foreign exchange. Prerequisites ECON 2301 and ECON 2302. Textbook The Economics of Money, Banking & Financial Markets, Frederic S. Mishkin, 10th Edition. Pearson. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-277024-8 (The 9th Edition also works: AddisonWesley. ISBN-13: 978-0-321-59979-7). Material and Rules All the class material is available through Blackboard Learn. Please make sure you thoroughly read the class rules section. Diego Escobari escobarida@utpa.edu http://faculty.utpa.edu/escobarida/ BUSA 218D 956.665.3366 MW 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. and by appointment This is an online class. Blackboard Learn. Money and Banking - ECON 3381L Lecture Schedule Week 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 13 14 14 15 Dates Aug 25 - Aug 29 Sep 1 - Sep 5 Sep 8 - Sep 12 Sep 8...
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...Maria Ghannam SSC 2302 Dr. Carlos F. Jacques Final paper Social inequalities between men and women in Morocco Fall 2012 The new Moroccan Constitution adopted on the 1st of July 2011 by the Kingdom is a historical event that recognizes the principle of equality between men and women, and commit to respect it. In its preamble, it condemns discrimination based on sex, it states that, "the Kingdom of Morocco is committed to fight and ban any discrimination against any person because of its gender." Despite the social progress made since fifty years (gradual increase in the participation of women in the labor market, steady rise in the level of girls' education), social inequality between men and women remain (especially in terms of employment, career, salary and pension). Beyond the already identified causes explaining these inequalities (academic orientation, gender discrimination in hiring, etc.), it is suggested that there is a possibility that this situation is due primarily to the persistence of established roles of men and women in society, which is especially evident within the family unit. Throughout this paper, I am going to define what exactly means a social inequality, then talk about the social inequalities between men and women in Morocco, and finally tell you about social change and movement for emancipation of women. First of all, I cannot talk about social inequalities between men and women, without explaining what it exactly...
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...COURSE SYLLABUS [Spring, 2013] Course: ACC 2302-201 Introduction to Managerial Accounting The course meets in Pellegrino Hall, Room 114, from 10:30 to 11:20 A.M. each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday . The first class meeting is on January 23, 2012. Credit hours: 3. Instructor: Jui-Chin Chang, Ph.D., CMA, CFM, Assistant Professor Office Hours: WHTC- 218B (956) 326-2501 Monday 11:30AM-12: 30 PM& 1:30 – 3:00 PM Wednesday 11:30AM-12: 30 PM &1:30 – 3:00 PM Friday 11:30AM-12: 30 PM E-mail: E-Learning (Angel): www.tamiu.edu/elearning/?id=2 Required Text: Introduction to Managerial Accounting (6th Ed) with Connect (Loose Leaf), P. Brewer, R. Garrison, & E. Noreen, McGraw-Hill/ ISBN: 9780078005305. Recommended: Wall Street Journal and BusinessWeek Prerequisite: ACC2301 with a grade “C” or better Course Description: This course will demonstrate the flexibility of the use of managerial accounting information to supply managers and other internal stakeholders for business decision-making. Upon completion of this course, students should possess a basic working knowledge and understanding of the accounting information systems used to provide information to internal stakeholders. The course gives students opportunities to prepare and analyze business transactions, prepare budgets, journal entries and financial statements. Course Goals: This course provides...
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...ASB-3101 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Credits: 10 Contact hours: 23 Semester: 1 Pre-requisites: ASB-2104 Module organiser: Sally Sambrook Note: This module is available through the medium of Welsh (ACB-3101). Aims: To examine issues and developments in the field of contemporary human resource management (HRM). To develop an understanding of the complex issues facing human resource (HR) specialists and line managers in meeting their responsibilities for selecting, deploying, training, appraising, rewarding, relating to and retaining human resources. Learning Outcomes: On completing the module, students are expected to be able to: • Explain the contribution of the HR function to corporate strategy; • Discuss the processes of recruitment, assessment and selection; • Outline activities involved in developing human resources and facilitating learning; • Explain the link between rewards, motivation and performance; • Critically evaluate the changing employment relationship, assessing the role of trade unions and other forms of employee involvement. Module Content: • History of the HR function, theories and models of HRM; • The roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in HRM; • The changing nature of work, managing diversity, technology and flexibility; • Human resourcing: recruitment and selection, human resource planning; • Reward and performance management; • Employee relations, employment legislation...
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...crises have been pervasive phenomena throughout history. Bordo et al. (2001) find that their frequency in recent decades has been double that of the Bretton Woods Period (1945-1971) and the Gold Standard Era (1880-1993), comparable only to the Great Depression. Nevertheless, the financial crisis that started in the summer of 2007 came as a great surprise to most people. What initially was seen as difficulties in the US subprime mortgage market, rapidly escalated and spilled over to financial markets all over the world. The crisis has changed the financial landscape worldwide and its costs are yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to concisely survey the literature on financial crises. Despite its severity and its ample effects, the current crisis is similar to past crises in many dimensions. In a recent series of papers, Reinhart and Rogoff (2008a, 2008b, 2009) document the effects of banking crises using an extensive data set of high and middle-to-low income countries. They find that systemic banking crises are typically preceded by credit booms and asset price bubbles. This is consistent with Herring and Wachter (2003) who show that many financial crises are the result of bubbles in real estate markets. In addition, Reinhart and Rogoff find that crises result, on average, in a 35% real drop in housing prices spread over a period of 6 years. Equity prices fall 55% over 3 ½ years. Output falls by 9% over two years, while unemployment rises 7% over a...
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...Prepared for: Dr. David Conner (Department of CARRS) Dr. Dale Rozeboom (Animal Science) Prepared by: Victoria Campbell-Arvai Department of CARRS, Michigan State University August 17, 2009 Literature Review: A Comparison of Dairy Production Systems SUMMARY This literature review focused on studies comparing the effects of dairy production systems (pasture-based, conventional/confinement1, and mixed) on (i) environmental issues, (ii) social issues, (iii) economic issues, (iv) human health issues, and (v) animal welfare issues. The review was based on peer-reviewed research papers identified by experts at MSU, as well as (where specifically suggested) non peer-reviewed university and government reports. Additional studies were identified from the reference section of recommended papers, as well as via their citation index (primarily Google Scholar). A synopsis of each section is available below, as well as at the end of each section. There is a great deal of research –much of it based in the United States- on the environmental effects of all types of dairy farming, including intensive/confinement, mixed, pasture-based, and management-intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) operations. The vast majority of studies identified for this review focused on the fate and management of excess nitrogen and phosphorous, their effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Many environmental mitigation efforts were suggested, including...
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...Working Paper Series Serie 4 Societies and social change Paper No. 4.01 Labour Market Developments and Social Welfare Hermine Vidovic* * The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies 2013 www.grincoh.eu This paper was funded under the FP7 project “Growth– Innovation – Competitiveness: Fostering Cohesion in Central and Eastern Europe (GRINCOH)” under the Programme SSH.2011.2.2-1: Addressing cohesion challenges in Central and Eastern Europe; Area 8.2.2 Regional, territorial and social cohesion. Project Nr. 290657 Hermine Vidovic vidovic@wiiw.ac.at Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies www.wiiw.ac.at Please cite as: Vidovic H., (2013), ’Labour Market Developments and Social Welfare’, GRINCOH Working Paper Series, Paper No. 4.01 Labour Market Developments and Social Welfare Abstract Employment and activity rates in the new EU Member States (NMS) declined significantly up to the early 2000s and started to increase along with strong GDP growth thereafter. Job losses following the outbreak of the economic and financial crisis varied substantially across countries and have not been offset yet. Overall, the low educated and the young people are very disadvantaged on the NMS labour markets. With the exception of Poland and Slovenia, non-standard types of employment are uncommon in the NMS, following the pattern of Southern EU countries. Employment protection legislation has been adjusted to ‘European standards’ in the ...
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...(Technical Paper) Doc. No. SC-11-212.E Survey on Chinese market for clothing - describes the structure and characteristics of the domestic Chinese market for clothing; provides an analysis of the tariff structure of imports by product group; outlines special import regulations, customs procedures, transport, as well as requirements relevant to packaging, labelling, standards, and ethical trading; examines the market potential, the consumer preferences and behaviour; provides an overview of the distribution channels, the major brands, the procurement practices including the use of e-commerce and ICT procurement; highlights the key players in China's textiles and garment market, the possibilities for cooperation along the value chain, and the existing national support schemes; appendices include contacts details of sector related companies in China. Descriptors: Clothing, Standards, Packaging, Distribution, Procurement, Electronic Commerce, Consumer Behaviour, Market Surveys, China. For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr Matthias Knappe, (knappe@intracen.org) 2011 SITC-84 CHI English The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (www.intracen.org) Views expressed in this paper are those of consultants and do not necessarily coincide with those of ITC, UN or WTO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this paper do not...
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...(Technical Paper) Doc. No. SC-11-212.E Survey on Chinese market for clothing - describes the structure and characteristics of the domestic Chinese market for clothing; provides an analysis of the tariff structure of imports by product group; outlines special import regulations, customs procedures, transport, as well as requirements relevant to packaging, labelling, standards, and ethical trading; examines the market potential, the consumer preferences and behaviour; provides an overview of the distribution channels, the major brands, the procurement practices including the use of e-commerce and ICT procurement; highlights the key players in China's textiles and garment market, the possibilities for cooperation along the value chain, and the existing national support schemes; appendices include contacts details of sector related companies in China. Descriptors: Clothing, Standards, Packaging, Distribution, Procurement, Electronic Commerce, Consumer Behaviour, Market Surveys, China. For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr Matthias Knappe, (knappe@intracen.org) 2011 SITC-84 CHI English The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (www.intracen.org) Views expressed in this paper are those of consultants and do not necessarily coincide with those of ITC, UN or WTO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this paper do not...
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...Bangladesh garment exports boom despite disasters Published July 09, 2013 AFP * In this photograph taken on June 23, 2010, Bangladeshi women sew clothes in a garment factory in Ashulia. Output from Bangladesh's accident-prone garment sector has increased in June, with demand from foreign retailers still growing despite the country's factory disaster in April. (AFP/File) DHAKA (AFP) – Output from Bangladesh's accident-prone garment sector increased in June, data showed Tuesday, with demand from foreign retailers still growing despite the country's factory disaster in April. At least 1,129 people were killed when the Rana Plaza factory complex collapsed outside the capital Dhaka in April, sparking demonstrations against Western brands and prompting some retailers to threaten to cancel orders. Government data released on Tuesday showed that the country's total exports -- 80 percent of which come from the garment sector -- soared by 16 percent year-on-year in June to $2.7 billion, following an increase of 15 percent in May. "The disasters didn't have much impact. They are scattered incidents," head of the government's Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) Shuvhashish Bose told AFP, referring to the Rana Plaza tragedy and other factory fires that have killed another 130 workers since November. Total exports from Bangladesh, the second-biggest clothing manufacturer in the world after China, grew by 11 percent to a record $27.02 billion in the 2012-13 financial year to June. ...
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...THE UNIFORM TEXAS CPA EXAMINATION: REQUIREMENTS AND PROCESS Prepared for Dr. Newman by Stefanie Chen October 19, 2015 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………..ii INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………........1 REQUIREMENTS TO APPLY FOR AND SIT FOR THE TEXAS CPA EXAM…….............1 Moral character………………………………………………………………………….1 Degrees&150 hours…………………………………………………………………......2 Accounting, business, and ethics courses…………………………………………….....2 FOUR SECTIONS AND TEST STRUCTURES………………………………………….........5 Coverage and structure………………………………………………………………….5 THE RULES, TESTING WINDOWS, AND SITES……………………………………...........6 Rules…………………………………………………………………………………….6 Testing window………………………………………………………………………….6 Testing center……………………………………………………………………………6 PREPARE FOR AND TAKE THE UNIFORM CPA Exam…………………………………….7 Courses and options……………………………………………………………………...8 Taking the Uniform CPA Exam under rules…………………………………………….9 Receiving scores…………………………………………………………………………9 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR TEXAS CPA…………………………………...........10 Submit a licensure application…………………………………………………………10 Ethics exam……………………………………………………………………………..10 Work experience in Texas……………………………………………………………...10 BENEFITS TO BECOME A TEXAS CPA…………………………………………………..11 CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………………….11 WORKS CITED…………………………………………………………………………….....11 EXHIBITS AND NOTES……………………………………………………………………...12 APPENDIXES…………………………………………………………………………………17 Appendix 1-Application of Intent…………………………………………………...
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...pr pr acti od ca uc l a ing sp a ects th es of is at un sw po th stg es rad is gu uate ide PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF PRODUSING A THESIS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES P.GRADUATE A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Postgraduate Board January 2002 University of New South Wales Please note: the web version does not contain two sections of the printed version. The differences are due to differing formats which makes it impossible to convert some pages into a PDF format. Missing are a mock up of a UNSW Thesis/Project Report Sheet and the information in Appendix IV. A copy of the printed guide can be sent to you if you email your address to campaigns@unsw.edu.au. This missing information was taken from the Thesis Submission Pack which is available from New South Q on the Kensington campus (download from or phone: (02) 9385 3093). ABSTRACT This booklet is designed to assist research students with the practical aspects of producing a postgraduate research thesis at the University of New South Wales. As well as providing advice in regard to the University’s requirements, formatting, layout, referencing and the use of information technology, this guide also describes what some students might regard as the more arcane and ritualistic aspects of producing a PhD thesis, in particular, those associated with accepted academic conventions. A section on posture and ergonomics has also been included to help you...
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