...Total war refers to war that affects all aspects of society, not just the people involved. World War I and World War II are often recognized as “total wars” because both birthed a new era of warfare. In previous eras, wars only affected the armies involved and had no impact of the lives of people outside the war. With respect to World War I and II, everyone was involved and everybody provided as much help as possible to ensure the victory of their country. Gender nor race, skilled or unskilled, young or old everyone gathered together to fight as one. World War I was fought mainly in Europe from the year 1914 to the year 1918 and lasted 4 years. World War I was fought between the Allied Powers composed of France, Britain, Russia, Japan, Italy, and the United States. The Central Powers was composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey. What ignited World War I among other things, was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Soon to follow, Austria-Hungary invaded their enemies and created one of the most brutal wars in the world. It eventually ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 where Germany took full blame for the war. What categorizes World War I as a total war is the effects it had on people outside the battlefield. In order to compensate for the poor economy, many government agencies were created in order to conserve and generate revenue during the war. Specifically, one of the major agencies was known as the War Industries Board, or the WIB. The...
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...Japanese soldiers stormed China and brutally murdered hundreds of thousands of people, including both soldiers and civilians in Nanking. Around 50,000 women were sexually assaulted, and kids were murdered as if they were not human beings. Once a capital of China, Nanking was left in ruins and the people were left in distraught. The reason why this happened was foolish and unnecessary. Following the bloodshed from the battle in Shanghai (Sino-Japanese war) the Japanese were passionate in wanting to gain more power so without thinking, they decided to attack the citizens in Nanking. The rape of Nanking, a holocaust in disguise, was one of the most devastating brutal attacks on Chinese citizens by the Japanese which resulted in thousands of deaths...
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...the absolute leader. Declare by his son as a god with over 34,000 statues. Even after death his ideology lives on with unimaginable living conditions at the cost of unrealistic human life. That brings the unanswerable question why the entire world is sitting down and watching what's happening for the past 65 years generation after generation without even coming up for one solution or action. To answer the question we need to understand what North Korea is. It came into existence as an inhuman country with a cruel history and grim future. Korea was an independent united country for much of its history. In 1910, Japan occupied the Korean peninsula. Korea spends 35...
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...A.P. U.S. History Notes Chapter 37: “Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War” ~ 1933 – 1941 ~ I. The London Conference 1. The 1933 London Conference of the summer of 1933 was composed of 66 nations that came together to try to make a worldwide solution to the Great Depression. i. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt at first agreed to send Secretary of State Cordell Hull but withdrew that agreement and scolded the other nations for trying to stabilize currencies. ii. As a result, the conference adjourned accomplishing nothing, furthermore strengthening extreme nationalism. II. Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians 1. With hard times, Americans were eager to do away with their liabilities to the Philippine Islands, and American sugar producers wanted to get rid of the Filipino sugar makers due to competition. 2. In 1934, Congress passed the Tydings-McDuffie Act, stating that the Philippines would receive their independence after 12 years of economic and political tutelage, in 1946. i. Army bases were relinquished but naval bases were kept. 3. Americans were freeing themselves of a liability, creeping into further isolationism, while militarists in Japan began to see that they could take over the Pacific easily without U.S. interference or resistance. 4. In 1933, FDR finally formally recognized the Soviet Union, hoping that the U.S. could trade...
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...rebuilding war-torn nations. Even before the last guns fell silent, they began thinking about principles that would govern the postwar word. The Yalta Conference also known as the Crimea or “Argonaut” conference was held from February 4 to February 11of 1945, just before the end of World War II. The United States was represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Great Britain was represented by Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Marshal Joseph Stalin was there on the Soviet Union’s behalf. The “Big Three” conferred in the Crimea, near Yalta on the Black Sea coast. Churchill and Roosevelt had met previously at Malta in the Mediterranean. On September 11, 1939, just a few days after Hitler triggered the World War II by unleashing the German Army in Poland, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt penned a brief but important message to Britain`s First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill. FDR wrote to Churchill because he was looking for information about the war in Europe and wanted to to gather it informally, quietly, and on a personal level. This was the beginning of a unique relationship between the two most important leaders of the Free World, and established a precedent repeated by several successive American presidents and British leaders. On May 10, 1940, the very day on which the German Army finally launched its long-anticipated attack on the Low Countries and France, Churchill became the prime minister of Great Britain. Over the course of the war, the two...
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...had been a colony of Japan since 1910. Along with the surrender of Japan in the World War II in 1945, the colonial period that had lasted for 35 years ended. As one can imagine, Korean people were extraordinarily happy when the Japanese announced surrender, since they could eventually get rid of the harsh days – of the language deprivation that they were forced to abandon Korean and adopt Japanese, and of family members having been sent overseas to serve the Japanese in all manners including being comfort women, and so forth. However, they did not know the Liberation was the start of another catastrophic period of time. The political vacuum engaged the United States and the Soviets who then occupied the peninsula, and caused a series of aftermath including the division of the nation which so-far seems to be permanent, and the tragic Korean War which lasted for four years. This essay briefly discusses the issues that took place in the period of 1945-50, after the Japanese surrender and before the Korean War that broke out on 25th June, 1950. A multilateral trusteeship of postwar Korea was suggested by the United States to the Soviets at the end of 1943, during the World War II. And when Japan signaled the intention of unconditional surrender to the World War II on 10th August 1945, the United States proposed temporary division of Korea along the 38th parallel of latitude for political and military purposes. The Soviets were in Korea fighting Japan at the Japanese surrender...
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...The United States and Japan enjoy a close cooperative relationship upon the world stage of today. Politically and economically our efforts are very closely intertwined as our trade agreements are a far cry from the first time Admiral Perry first set foot upon the Japanese isle. Defensively we share the same goals and have worked cooperatively through several major conflicts. This was not always the case, prior to World War two the Japanese and United States’ relationship was very tumultuous. Admiral Perry took a very exploitive stance toward establishing foreign relations with the island nation and it left a lasting impression upon the Japanese. World War II brought saw the ultimate conflict between the two nations which left Japan devastated from both the aftermath of brutal fighting in the Pacific and the use of the atomic bomb on their homeland. How did Japan rebound from such a crippling defeat in the Second World War and how is it that we now enjoy such close ties, especially being from two opposing cultural styles? The United States took a front and center seat to Japan’s reconstruction after the war and it is a combination of both our help and the Japanese people’s remarkable character that facilitated such a miraculous rebirth; also forever tying our two nations together in the bonds of cooperation. “It’s resurgence was due to a legacy of past accomplishments, an indomitable determination to succeed in the quest for modernity, prodigious amounts of hard work, generally...
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...World War II Germany Research Report Kiyona Willis His/114 10-15-2012 Timothy A. Berg World War II Germany Research Report Hundreds of philosophers and historians possess many concern of how the modern world has come into being. Many issues from The Great War to World War II have effects many societies today. My paper will trace the rise of totalitarianism in Germany between 1918 and 1939, and the contrast to political developments in Great Britain, France and the United States. My paper will explain the Holocaust in context with World War II and Western ideals, including the roots of anti-Semitism and intolerance of those considered inferior in Germany also an explanation of The Final Solution. My paper talks about the aftermath of World War II in Germany. After World War I, the German government was facing thousands of difficult problems as society search for someone to blame for the defeat in the First World War. Extremists from all sides sent threats to revolts. The extreme inflation causes thousands of Germans to have faith in the German government. Hitler gains control of the Nazi party in the 1920s and organization, which is anti-Semitic. Hitler gains popular political credibility by placing the responsibility on the Jews for Germany’s defeat in the First World War. Hitler also blames Jews for Germany’s economic problems. What is less understood are the political conditions associated with the rise of Hitler and fascism? Hitler...
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...Origins of the Cold War In the second half of 20th century, one conflict, the Cold War, stands unchallenged as the preeminent organizing principle for U.S. foreign policy. A central question in the historiography of the Cold War is simply, whose fault was it? During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies against the fascist Axis powers. In the waning years of that always uneasy alliance, greater signs of strain began to show, and soon a complete break would follow. Was this unavoidable? If not, who carries the greater blame for creating this division, which after all, repeatedly threatened nuclear holocaust and created the ideological justification for a series of horrendously destructive interventions into the so-called “Third World.” While there remains a great diversity of opinion regarding these questions, it has become commonplace in many academic discussions to refer to three broad “schools” of thought regarding the origins of the Cold War: “orthodox” explanations, “revisionism,” and “post-revisionism.” Of course, this categorization is not nearly as “neat and tidy” as one might be inclined to believe; it tends to mask the depth and diversity of the efforts of many historians. What follows will be a discussion of these three main perspectives, an evaluation of their arguments, and thoughts regarding the future of the field of Cold War historiography. For the first ten to twenty years after the end of World War II, the “orthodox” view...
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...San Diego State University Syllabus World History Fall 2015 History 101, Sec. 03 Dr. Mahdavi Student Learning Goals for Content and Skill Acquisition: This is a course in the history of the human community from approximately 1500 C.E. to the present. The course differs from the traditional Western Civilization class in that the entire world rather than Europe alone is the focus of study. The central questions the course will ask are these: What is Modernity, that is, what do we mean when we ask of "the modern world" in which we live? How have the political, social, cultural, and economic forces that we associate with modernity changed our world and its people during the past 500 years? Why has the intercommunication, interaction, and interdependence of the peoples of the world become so much more intense during the past 500 years than they were in earlier ages? How and why did western civilization rise to global domination in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and how has the challenge of western power and cultural prestige affected the course of history of all the World's people? Finally a question that we should be asking throughout the semester: how have the patterns of world history over the past 500 years determined or affected 1) the way we now live and think, and 2) our prospects for peace, prosperity, and the "pursuit of happiness" in the coming decades? This course is NOT primarily a narrative survey of civilizations, dynasties...
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...1890-1945 Time line Key: Bold and Underlined show events, policies or people of influence to US history from 1890-1945 RED: Political GREEN: Economic BLUE: Social BLACK: International affairs 1890- The accession of the Idaho and Wyoming brings the number of states in the Union to 44. The US Census notes that there is no longer a moving frontier in the American West. The Sherman Antitrust Act passed by Congress. 1896- William McKinley’s election victory marks the beginning of a lengthy period of Republican political dominance. 1898- Victory in the Spanish-American war marks the rise of ‘American Imperialism’ and establishes control over Cuba and the Philippines 1901- Theodore Roosevelt becomes president after the assassination of McKinley. The Platt Amendment is passed by Congress 1904- Thedore Roosevelt proclaims the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine after etsablishing US influence over Panama. 1905- President Roosevelt acts as mediator in the Treaty of New Hampshire ending the Russo-Japanese War. 1912- New Mexico and Arizona achieve statehood, bringing the number of states in the Union to 48. The Republican Party splits; Theodore Roosevelt runs for president on behalf of the ‘Bull Moose’ Progressive Party, ensuring the defeat of President Taft. Woodrow Wilson wins the Presidency for the Democrats 1914- War begins in Europe. The USA proclaims neutrality. President Wilson send US forces to occupy the port of Vera Cruz in Mexico. 1915- The sinking of the...
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...Disputes: The Case of Softwood Lumber, by George Hoberg and Paul Howe, June 1999. No. 30 Geopolitical Change and Contemporary Security Studies: Contextualizing the Human Security Agenda, by Simon Dalby, April 2000. No. 31 Beyond the Linguistic Analogy: Norm and Action in International Politics, by Kai Alderson, May 2000. No. 32 The Changing Nature of International Institutions: The Case of Territoriality, by Kalevi J. Holsti, November 2000. No. 33 South Asian Nukes and Dilemmas of International Nonproliferation Regimes, by Haider K. Nizamani, December 2000. No. 34 Tipping the Balance: Theatre Missile Defence and the Evolving Security Relations in Northeast Asia, by Marc Lanteigne, January 2001. No. 35 Between War and Peace: Religion, Politics, and Human Rights in Early Cold War Canada, 1945-1950, by George Egerton, February 2001. No. 36 From Avignon to Schleswig and Beyond: Sovereignty and Referendums, by Jean Laponce, June 2001. No. 37 Advancing Disarmament in the Face of Great Power Reluctance: The Canadian Constitution, by Marianne Hanson, June 2001. No. 38 The 2002 Nuclear Posture Review: The ‘New Triad’, Counterproliferation, and U.S. Grand Strategy, by David McDonough, August 2003. No. 39 Rwanda and the Politics of the Body, by Erin Baines, August 2003. No. 40 Human Rights Violations and Non-State Armed Groups: A New Framework, by Pablo Policzer, October 2004. About the Author Shaun Narine is an...
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...Why American society needed heroes in the aftermath of World War II- Paul Gallico, described athletic stars as "the Golden People", nothing that in the years following World War I sport had " its first million-dollar prizefights, and the adulation of sports heroes rose to the point almost of national hysteria". As World War I came to a close, however, the " Golden People" were anything but. The horrible devastation of the war and its terrible new weapons had shattered the idealistic notions of the Progressive reformers. The decade of the 1920s was termed the "Golden Age of Sports", and the media's creation of sport heroes during this time provided a stabilizing influence in a rapidly changing American culture. Sports stars were lionized as All-American types who exemplified American cultural values. The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame represented the American ideology of spirit, teamwork, and assimilation of diverse groups within society. Babe Ruth, the most famous of all the athletic heroes, symbolized the American dream, the land of opportunity and meritocracy, where one could succeed despite humble origins. The depiction of such heroes presented a more homogenous culture and solidified an American cultural identity, but it also masked social tensions inherent in the United States in the aftermath of World War I and during the Great Depression and World War II The media's role in constructing a popular culture- The new communication medium of radio became commonplace...
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...San Diego State University Syllabus World History Summer 2015 History 101 Dr. Mahdavi Student Learning Goals for Content and Skill Acquisition: This is a course in the history of the human community from approximately 1500 C.E. to the present. The course differs from the traditional Western Civilization class in that the entire world rather than Europe alone is the focus of study. The central questions the course will ask are these: What is Modernity, that is, what do we mean when we ask of "the modern world" in which we live? How have the political, social, cultural, and economic forces that we associate with modernity changed our world and its people during the past 500 years? Why has the intercommunication, interaction, and interdependence of the peoples of the world become so much more intense during the past 500 years than they were in earlier ages? How and why did western civilization rise to global domination in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and how has the challenge of western power and cultural prestige affected the course of history of all the World's people? Finally a question that we should be asking throughout the semester: how have the patterns of world history over the past 500 years determined or affected 1) the way we now live and think, and 2) our prospects for peace, prosperity, and the "pursuit of happiness" in the coming decades? This course is NOT primarily a narrative survey of civilizations, dynasties,...
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...Christopher Marr Unit 2 Individual Project HIST105-1202A-17: U.S. History American InterContinental University Online April 1st, 2012 Vietnam Conflict 1. Analyze two to three (2–3) major consequences the conflict had on United States’ society. The Vietnam War started during the end of World War II, Japan invaded and occupied Vietnam that had been under the administration of the French since the turn of the 20th century. The League for the Independence of Vietnam was formed by Ho Chi Minh to fight back the oppression of both the Japanese and French colonial administration. Japan eventually withdrew it's forces in 1945 leaving Emperor Bao Dai in control of an independent Vietnam. Ho's forces quickly rose up and seized Hanoi declaring a Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and Ho became the president. Backing Bao, the French set up the state of Vietnam (South Vietnam) with Saigon being the capital in 1949. Bao was pushed aside by Ngo Dinh Deim to become the president of the Government of the Republic of Vietnam (GVN) in 1955, after the call for the country to be whole again in 1956. In 1955, President Dwight D. Eisenhower supported Deim and the South Vietnam, giving training and equipment from the U.S. military and police forces gave South Vietnam the ability to crack down on the North supporters in the south, who were ultimately called Viet Cong or Vietnamese Communists. 1959 marked the start of engagement of the North fighting back against the South...
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