...The Rise of “Economic Consequences” – Notes The impact of accounting reports on decision making may be the most challenging accounting issue of the 1970s. By Stephen A. Zeff Notes by Tyler Shivers Introduction There are increasing “outside forces” in the standard setting process since 1960s. Two parallel developments marking this trend * Individuals and groups rarely had shown interest in setting accounting standards but then started intervening actively & powerfully in the process * New arguments had be brought up and the term “economic consequences” has been used to describe them Economic consequences – the impact of accounting reports on the decision making behavior of business, government, unions, investors, and creditors. * Accounting standards setters must take into consideration of detrimental consequences when deciding on accounting questions. Until recently, accounting policy making was deemed neutral in effect or was considered not responsible. Policy makers have been aware since 1960s that there was a third party intervention issues but not the Economic Consequences argument till 1970s When management began intervening, its true position was probably disguised This is the tactical rhetoric suggested by examination of arguments 1. The traditional accounting model, where management was genuinely concerned about unbiased and “theoretically sound” accounting measurements. 2. The traditional accounting model, where management was really seeking...
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...Economic impact approaches Page #1 Approaches to Estimating the Economic Impacts of Tourism; Some Examples Daniel J. Stynes Updated January 1999 Introduction The purpose of this bulletin is to present examples of different approaches to estimating the economic impacts of tourism. In a previous bulletin (Stynes 1997), I summarize economic impact concepts and methods as they apply to tourism. Here we apply the methods to illustrative cases in order to demonstrate some practical approaches. Three specific examples are presented. These represent a range of alternatives for estimating the economic impacts of visitor spending. The techniques covered range from methods based largely on judgement, to methods that utilize secondary spending data and published multipliers, to the use of visitor surveys and input-output models. A third bulletin in this series discusses survey methods for measuring visitor spending and includes sample spending instruments. While the construction and operation of tourist facilities also has economic impacts, we will restrict our attention here to the impacts of visitor spending. Review of Basic Approach and Levels of Analysis The economic impact of visitor spending is typically estimated by some variation of the following simple equation: Economic Impact of Tourist Spending = Number of Tourists * Average Spending per Visitor * Multiplier This equation suggests three distinct steps and corresponding measurements or models: (1) Estimate the change...
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...Economic Impact Analyses analyze the economic effects of a particular project in a particular area. This analysis can cover a region as small as a neighborhood and as large as the world. The main variables analyzed include revenue, profits, wages, and jobs. They consider the direct impact the economic impact has on an area as well as indirect impacts. For instance, you can analyze the total number of employees a firm will hire if it builds a new factory. You can also analyze what this increase in employment will do to other non-related industries in the area. These newly employed workers will have more money to spend at a local store which will in turn create more profits and potentially more jobs. It typically analyzes activity before the project and after the compare the changes and the impact of the project. This is typically done by measuring the difference in economic activity assuming the economic event occurs and then assuming it does not occur. This is called the counterfactual case. An economic event can be defined as a new business moving into a region, a new policy or government program, or any other activity that produces some sort of profit. This is useful to determine if a particular project is worth investing in (Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 2012) . The main types of impact analysis include output impact, value added impact, labor income impact, and employment impact. There is also a property value impact. An output impact measure the total increase...
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...Economic impacts of Tourism Page # 1 Economic Impacts of Tourism Daniel J. Stynes Businesses and public organizations are increasingly interested in the economic impacts of tourism at national, state, and local levels. One regularly hears claims that tourism supports X jobs in an area or that a festival or special event generated Y million dollars in sales or income in a community. “Multiplier effects” are often cited to capture secondary effects of tourism spending and show the wide range of sectors in a community that may benefit from tourism. Tourism’s economic benefits are touted by the industry for a variety of reasons. Claims of tourism’s economic significance give the industry greater respect among the business community, public officials, and the public in general. This often translates into decisions or public policies that are favorable to tourism. Community support is important for tourism, as it is an activity that affects the entire community. Tourism businesses depend extensively on each other as well as on other businesses, government and residents of the local community. Economic benefits and costs of tourism reach virtually everyone in the region in one way or another. Economic impact analyses provide tangible estimates of these economic interdependencies and a better understanding of the role and importance of tourism in a region’s economy. Tourism activity also involves economic costs, including the direct costs incurred by tourism businesses...
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...Critical Thinking: Macroeconomic Indices Critical Thinking: Macroeconomic Indices (70) Begin working on your Portfolio Project by researching and selecting an article for your analysis. Appropriate articles are those that: • Are no older than six months old • Contain at least three general economic principles • Contain at least three to five macroeconomic indices. • Submit an outline that provides information on your article and the three general economic principles and the three to five macroeconomic indices you will be discussing in your Project. ECN 400 WEEK 6 MACROECONOMIC INDICES To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/ecn-400-week-6-macroeconomic-indices/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ECN 400 WEEK 6 MACROECONOMIC INDICES ECN 400 Week 6 Critical Thinking: Macroeconomic Indices Critical Thinking: Macroeconomic Indices (70) Begin working on your Portfolio Project by researching and selecting an article for your analysis. Appropriate articles are those that: • Are no older than six months old • Contain at least three general economic principles • Contain at least three to five macroeconomic indices. • Submit an outline that provides information on your article and the three general economic principles and the three to five macroeconomic indices you will be discussing in your Project. ECN 400 WEEK 6 MACROECONOMIC INDICES To purchase this visit following link: http://www...
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...ECN 400 WEEK 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/ecn-400-week-3-situation-analysis/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ECN 400 WEEK 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS ECN 400 Week 3 Critical Thinking: Situation Analysis (Hospitals) (70 ) Select an article in a newspaper or magazine that discusses a government policy on goods or services. Analyze the situation and in 600-1200 words: • Summarize the article using at least three economic terms and theories covered in class. • Identify the impact of the policy on Demand or Supply of the good(s) or service(s). Discuss the change(s). • Draw a supply and demand graph to explain this change. Be sure to label your graph and clearly indicate the change of the curve. ECN 400 WEEK 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/ecn-400-week-3-situation-analysis/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ECN 400 WEEK 3 SITUATION ANALYSIS ECN 400 Week 3 Critical Thinking: Situation Analysis (Hospitals) (70 ) Select an article in a newspaper or magazine that discusses a government policy on goods or services. Analyze the situation and in 600-1200 words: • Summarize the article using at least three economic terms and theories covered in class. • Identify the impact of the policy on Demand or Supply of the good(s) or service(s). Discuss the change(s). • Draw a supply and demand graph to explain this change. Be sure...
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...THEORY AND PRACTICE OF THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW POSSIBLE TOPICS FOR SEMINAR PAPERS 1. General Approaches Overview paper on classical, behavioural, neuro-economical approaches. 2. The Assumption of Economic Rationality Standard economic analysis assumes that people are rational maximizers of their own utility. This assumption consists of a cognitive element (“thin rationality”, the assumption that people’s preferences meet the requirements of completeness, dominance, invariance, etc.), and a motivational one (“thick rationality”, the assumption that ultimately people only care about their own utility). Students should analyze the fruitfulness and limitations of this assumption, as well as ways to overcome these limitations. 3. Theories of Human Motivation Overview about classical and new theories of human motivation, supplementing and/or challenging the idea of economic rationality as prime human motivation. 4. Economic Analysis and Commensurability Much of the attractiveness of economic analysis stems from the possibility of quantifying people’s preferences in monetary terms, which in turn facilitates the use of mathematical models to explain and predict human behavior, as well as to derive normative and policy implications. This raises the debate about the comparability and commensurability of values. 5. Economic Analysis of Law and the Endowment Effect There are competing explanations for the Endowment Effect and some economists actually doubt...
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...Ivan Moscati How cardinal utility entered economic analysis during the Ordinal Revolution 2012/5 UNIVERSITÀ DELL'INSUBRIA FACOLTÀ DI ECONOMIA http://eco.uninsubria.it In questi quaderni vengono pubblicati i lavori dei docenti della Facoltà di Economia dell’Università dell’Insubria. La pubblicazione di contributi di altri studiosi, che abbiano un rapporto didattico o scientifico stabile con la Facoltà, può essere proposta da un professore della Facoltà, dopo che il contributo sia stato discusso pubblicamente. Il nome del proponente è riportato in nota all'articolo. I punti di vista espressi nei quaderni della Facoltà di Economia riflettono unicamente le opinioni degli autori, e non rispecchiano necessariamente quelli della Facoltà di Economia dell'Università dell'Insubria. These Working papers collect the work of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Insubria. The publication of work by other Authors can be proposed by a member of the Faculty, provided that the paper has been presented in public. The name of the proposer is reported in a footnote. The views expressed in the Working papers reflect the opinions of the Authors only, and not necessarily the ones of the Economics Faculty of the University of Insubria. © Copyright Ivan Moscati Printed in Italy in december 2012 Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Monte Generoso, 71, 21100 Varese, Italy All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the Author...
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...(350) For the Portfolio Project, students will conduct an analysis of a recent article and provide their evaluation and outcome expectations in a written paper of 1500-2500 words that discusses: • A minimum of three general economic principles related to the article • Identification of three to five macroeconomic indices • Definition and explanation of the indices e.g., GDP, CPI, and other economic calculations • Definition and explanation of the indices • Discussion about what the specific indices mean in relationship to the overall article and how they impact each other • Appropriate evaluation, decisions and forecasts that could be made from the information. ECN 400 WEEK 8 PORTFOLIO PROJECT ASSIGNMENT To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/ecn-400-week-8-portfolio-project-assignment/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ECN 400 WEEK 8 PORTFOLIO PROJECT ASSIGNMENT ECN 400 Week 8 Portfolio Project Assignment Portfolio Assignment (350) For the Portfolio Project, students will conduct an analysis of a recent article and provide their evaluation and outcome expectations in a written paper of 1500-2500 words that discusses: • A minimum of three general economic principles related to the article • Identification of three to five macroeconomic indices • Definition and explanation of the indices e.g., GDP, CPI, and other economic calculations • Definition and explanation of the indices • Discussion...
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...Microeconomics Article Summary The Microeconomics Article Summary must, in some way, relate to a change in one or more determinants of supply or demand or the imposition of a price ceiling or floor. Microeconomics Article Summary research papers take a vast amount of time to outline and write. Here is a suggestion on how Paper Masters lays out an assignment like that. For this project you must select a current (no more than 6 to 8 weeks old) article from the Wall Street Journal, Business Week, a newspaper or any other credible written conveyor of news. The article must in some way relate to a change in one or more determinants of supply or demand or the imposition of a price ceiling or floor. Below is an outline of how your topic research paper should be laid out. I. Article Summary In this section, provide a summary of the article you have selected. This section should be approximately one paragraph in length. II. Primary Economics Elements Identify the key economic elements of the article. Since this is a market analysis (Demand and Supply) then make sure what part of the market you are interested in, demand or supply or both. For example, explain if your article involves a change in the determinants of demand, supply, or maybe involve a price control (like price floor/ceiling, or tax). Discuss the specific economic components. This should also be about one page long. III. Graphical Analysis This analysis must include depiction of a market (demand and Supply)...
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...FYP Project Number: HE_2AY1415_09 NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNDERREPRESENTATION OF ASIA-FOCUSED ARTICLES IN THE TOP 10 ECONOMICS JOURNALS Roy Athanasius Ang Tjin Shane Teong Xiu Yi Tham Weng Leon U1130138B U1130028B U1130012L A Final Year Project submitted to the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Economics Academic Year: 2014/2015 FYP Project Number: HE_2AY1415_09 ABSTRACT Despite its high growth, positive economic outlook and its GDP accounting for about a quarter of the world’s GDP, there is an underrepresentation of Asia in terms of published articles in the top 10 economics journals. This study highlights this fact and has found tenure to be a likely cause for the lack of Asia-focused articles. This stems from the strong emphasis universities place on the publishing of articles and with the belief that there is a lack of reliable data on Asia, researchers are less inclined to conduct studies on Asia given that top economics journals require accurate and dependable data for publishing. 1 FYP Project Number: HE_2AY1415_09 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We, the authors of this paper, would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Chia Wai Mun, Associate Professor, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technology University, for her unwavering support and constant...
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...1651-2227.2007.00604.x This article examines the neonatal mortality rate in Northern Vietnamese within 1970 – 2000 and analyses its socioeconomic effects. The article contains charts and tables describing the mortality trend over a large period of time. This source is very reliable as it references several government data and articles. McDonald, P. (2001). Low fertility not politically sustainable. Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/Articles/2001/LowFertilityNotPoliticallySustainable.aspx This website article is concerned about high birth rates and their social, economic, and demographic effects have dominated the population field for the past 50 years. While for many countries these worries persist, for many other countries the problem now is very low rates of birth. According to McDonald; the aim of international efforts to reduce birth rates has been to bring them down to the replacement level of two births per woman. The article contain reliable proves that supports it ideal; such as chart, figures and different numeric analysis. Minja, K. C., Mason, A., & Retherford,, R. (2011, November 13). Declining birth rates raising concerns in asia. East-West Centre. Retrieved from http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/east-west-wire/declining-birth-rates-raising-concerns-in-asia This online journal predicts the effects of decreasing birth rate in Asia. Analysis made describes clearly the outcomes of such increment. The article helped me recognise the economic effects reducing birth...
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...5. 5. 2016 PESTLE Analysis of Starbucks What are you looking for? PEST ANALYSIS MARKETING SWOT ANALYSIS STEEP ANALYSIS BUSINESS PEST Analysis, PEST Examples GET MORE ANALYSIS Subscribe to our mailing list and get our articles and updates to your email inbox. Enter your name here PESTLE Analysis of Starbucks Jim Makos 1 Year Ago FACEBOOK 0 Comments PREV ARTICLE NEXT ARTICLE PESTLE is a strategic analysis tool. It is often seen as the most effective analytical tools to analyze the Enter your email here impacts of external issues. It is an extended version of PEST analysis. Other forms of this tool are PESTEL, SIGN UP NOW STEEP, and STEEPLE. The acronym PESTLE stands for 6 factors which affect the business. The factors are: We respect your privacy Political Economic http://pestleanalysis.com/pestleanalysisofstarbucks/ 1/9 5. 5. 2016 PESTLE Analysis of Starbucks Social Popular Recent Technological Legal Environmental In this article, I am discussing the PESTLE analysis of SWOT Analysis Examples for Every Business Situation December 30, 2013 Starbucks. The constant global economic recession has dented the macroeconomic environment which Starbucks operates in. The recession has hurt the consumer’s purchasing power. Recent market research re䈠ects that consumers have not cut down on their coffee...
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...Source No.1 Title and Article Reference Guillen, MF. 2001, ‘Is Globalization Civilizing, Destructive or Feeble? A Critique of Five Key Debates in the Social Science Literature’, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 27, pp. 235-260 Aim / Purpose of article The purpose of this article is to discuss about various connotations of Globalization and its historical observation. It also aims to clarify five vital issues relating to globalization: its existence, if it produces convergence, if it undermines the authority of nation states, its difference from modernity and if global culture is in making. Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis The ideas and data used in this article have been collected from various author’s articles and journals and their views towards Globalization. Some of the data used in this article are collected from economic research, statistics. Findings/Interpretations reported in the article The definition of globalization and its impact in the world in terms of sociological, economic, political, and anthropological literatures. Significance/contribution of the article in relation to your other articles and your topic The significance of this article is that it describes and clarifies the key issues related to Globalization in views of different authors who expertise in this topic. According to researches discussed in this article suggest that globalization is indeed happening, and there is no convergence found in political, social, or...
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...Source: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_09.htm Last accessed 11.21.2011 PEST Analysis Understanding "Big Picture" Forces of Change Also PESTLE, PESTEL, PESTLIED, STEEPLE & SLEPT. PEST Analysis is a simple but important and widely-used tool that helps you understand the big picture of the Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological environment you are operating in. PEST is used by business leaders worldwide to build their vision of the future. It is important for these reasons: By making effective use of PEST Analysis, you ensure that what you are doing is aligned positively with the forces of change that are affecting our world. By taking advantage of change, you are much more likely to be successful than if your activities oppose it. Good use of PEST Analysis helps you avoid taking action that is condemned to failure for reasons beyond your control. PEST is useful when you start operating in a new country or region. Use of PEST Analysis helps you break free of unconscious assumptions, and helps you quickly adapt to the realities of the new environment. How to Use the Tool: PEST is a simple mnemonic standing for Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological. Please see worksheet on the following page. Using the tool is a three stage process: First, you brainstorm the relevant factors that apply to you, using the prompts below. Second, you identify the information that applies to these factors. Third, you draw conclusions...
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