...Introduction Off-shoring and outsourcing have become especially prevalent in recent years due to the shift in foreign labour markets becoming more competitive, and even favourable in some sectors. It should be noted that domestic examples of outsourcing do not shift the labour market because within the country itself, there are no structural changes. As a result, this paper will focus on outlining the various off-shoring and outsourcing implications and effects on international labour markets. Outsourcing vs. Off-shoring Companies have been able to implement off-shoring and outsourcing because of the phenomenon of lower transportation costs and instant communication across barriers of the world. Outsourcing and off-shoring are often grouped together and defined similarly, however they can be understood and interpreted in many ways. Outsourcing is a division of labour by contracting foreign third-parties abroad. In comparison, off-shoring is a more extreme form of outsourcing. It instead relocates key production sectors abroad, but not core innovative activities. Companies will often setup their own facilities which results in a decrease in foreign unemployment. Specific examples related to off-shoring and outsourcing will be discussed throughout the paper. In a wider spectrum, firms use off-shoring and outsourcing to remain competitive with the ongoing globalization that is present. Both countries involved are able to raise their nation’s GDP by shifting labour...
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...by high unemployment and the consequent low purchasing power. Egypt is the largest producer and consumer of pharmaceuticals in the Middle East and North Africa, with sales of US$4.2bn in 2010. The total drug market was worth US$2.69bn in 2010, while prescription sales reached US$2.22bn – 83% of all medicine sales. Patented products were valued at US$1.51bn and generics at US$717mn. Patented products were valued at US$1.51bn & generics at US$717mn. Type of Market market is moving towards Perfect Competition. However, it should be underlined that this is not due to the forces of supply and demand, but rather due to governmental regulations, which impose a certain ceiling price that all players must abide. Therefore, in our case, all market players are price takers, but because of governmental rules rather than actual market conditions. Market Overview Egypt is the largest producer and consumer of pharmaceuticals in the Middle East and North Africa, with sales of US$4.2bn in 2010. Company Overview- Sigma Sigma Pharmaceutical Industries is a joint stock Co. incorporated in 1998. S.P.I is engaged in the field of Manufacturing pharmaceuticals formulas, the Co’s started its actual operations in 2000 through its plant located at Mubarak Industrial City, 1ST Zone which is very well equipped and provided with high technology machineries. Sigma Pharmaceutical Industries SAE produces generic pharmaceutical products. It offers products in various...
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...The economic case against monopoly * A profit-maximising firm will produce at the productively and allocatively efficient level of output in a perfectly competitive industry * The conventional argument against market power is that monopolists can earn abnormal (supernormal) profits at the expense of efficiency and the welfare of consumers and society. * The monopoly price is assumed to be higher than both marginal and average costs leading to a loss of allocative efficiency and a failure of the market. The monopolist is extracting a price from consumers that is above the cost of resources used in making the product and, consumers’ needs and wants are not being satisfied, as the product is being under-consumed. * The higher average cost if there are inefficiencies in production means that the firm is not making optimum use of scarce resources. Under these conditions, there may be a case for government intervention for example through competition policy or market deregulation. Potential Benefits from Monopoly A high market concentration does not always signal the absence of competition; sometimes it can reflect the success of firms in providing better-quality products, more efficiently, than their rivals One difficulty in assessing the welfare consequences of monopoly, duopoly or oligopoly lies in defining precisely what a market constitutes! In nearly every industry a market is segmented into different products, and globalization makes it difficult to gauge...
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...stagnated due to Japanese banks. The banks over lent, made it easy to borrow and in turn created bad debt, it make it difficult to replace the money borrowed and cause a deficit causing the deflation in the country. “The Nikkei average plunged from nearly 39,000 points in December 1989 to about 14,300 points in August 1992, thereby losing about 60% of its value. As a result, investors lost the equivalent of (U.S.) $2 trillion and property values plummeted by about $10 trillion. Property values in certain parts of the country declined by 70% and plunged Japan into a deep recession for 10-years.” (Alston, 2013) To summarize the stock market collapsed, property prices dropped, banks curtailed the easy lending practices the created the economic boom, consumer spending halted- recession created, deflation, and the Japanese government was unsuccessful 2. What lessons does the history of Japan over the past 20 years hold for other nations? What can countries do to avoid the kind of deflationary spiral that has gripped Japan? Other nations can learn from what happened with Japan. Strict lending practices should have been in place to begin with, this would help decrease the amount of bad debt. The Government need to watch its spending. Japan is stuck because its debt is so high, it is extremely difficult to become strong again. 3. What do you think would be required to get the Japanese economy moving again? In order to get the Japanese economy moving again, the Japanese...
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...stall in domestic industrial production. * Inflationary rate was negatively affected. In 2007 China’s inflation rate was 4.7%, in 2008 it grew to 6%, and when the GFC hit, the impact was clear when inflation had dropped down to negative 0.6% in 2009. * China’s unemployment rate had increased from 4% in 2008 to 4.3% in 2009. * China’s government debt as a % of GDP rose from 16% in 2007 to 19.5% in 2008 In November 2008 the Chinese government introduced a stimulus package worth $586 billion, which was aimed at encouraging growth and domestic consumption. After 2009 China experienced gradual increases in GDP growth, 9% in 2010 and 10% in 2011. Strategies to promote economic growth and development There are many strategies that the Chinese economy is using to promote their economic growth...
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...Question 1 1.1 The three basic purposes of macroeconomic theories are: • To explain how different items are associated in the complex real economic world. In the economic environment there are unlimited wants, but the means of getting those wants are limited due to insufficient resources to satisfy all possible uses. Therefore some resources must be given priority over others. Example: Gold has a higher value than quartz in the economic world. Gold is scarcer than quartz, so gold is a higher priority resource than quartz. • To predict what will happen if something were altered. The economic environment is always changing, so it can be hard to distinguish between the cause and effect on certain relationships. The theory extracts important...
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...Evaluate the economic case for and against governments attempting to influence how mobile phones are manufactured and used. Mobile phones are often used next to the person’s ear, which gives it direct contact with their head (brain). The risk mobile phones pose is arguably insignificant however as the article suggests it can emit radiation, which can cause potential damage to someone's health. To reduce harm to the public the government might chose to build mobile phone masts away from towns and cities as to reduce the number of people that are in contact with radiation. Many components are made in various places over the world. Mobile phones are often assembled from a large number of components to produce a finished phone. As stated in extract E mobile phones are often manufactured in countries where manufactures often exploit workers. Low wagers are paid to Asian workers that often have to work in conditions that are often poor and unsafe. Workers might also be punished if they do not produce phones of a high enough standard or fall behind. Basic economic theory states that profits are earned when firms gain revenue, which exceeds the costs of production. By keeping production costs low firms are able to make profits. The mobile phone industry is a completive market. Companies such as Apple and Samsung are often fighting against each other to produce the best phone at the lowest cost. In a free market system, such as the mobile phone industry governments take the view...
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...INTRODUCTION Most developing countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa, on average witnessed significant and consistent economic growth in their early years of independence (World Bank, 2004). Although majority of these countries succeeded in expanding their basic infrastructure and social services among others. It was therefore anticipated that much progress will be achieved in terms of raising the average income per head and improving on the general welfare of Africa following the average growth in real per capita income of about 3.8 % per annum between 1967 and 1970 (Mbanga, 2008). In the early 1970s, developing countries borrowed to finance their current account deficit. Such borrowing was geared towards boosting the level of economic growth and development. By 1980s, the developing countries’ debt had accumulated and the international financial institutions from this period started to provide both technical and financial debt-management assistance to debtor countries. However, this effort still aimed at fostering economic growth, was also equally meant to reduce both debt burdens and poverty level of these...
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...Mekelle University Institute of Environment, Gender and Development Studies Department of Gender and Development studies A Research Proposal On An Assessment on the role of micro and small enterprises on economic empowerment of women: a Survey of Women operated Enterprises the case of Mekelle city, Tigray In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the Masters Degree in Gender and Development Studies By: Tsega Ymesel January, 2015 Mekelle, Ethiopia Table of Content Table page 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Statement of the Problem 4 1.3 Objective 5 1.3.1 General Objective 5 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 5 1.4 Significant of the Study 6 1.5 Scope and limitation 6 1.6 Organization of the Paper 6 3. Methodology and Materials 7 3.1 Description of the Study Area 7 3.2 Research Method and Procedures 8 3.2.1 Data type and Source 8 3.2.2 Study Design 8 3.2.2.1 Sampling 8 3.2.2.1.1 Sample frame 8 3.2.2.1.2 Sample Size Determination 8 3.2.2.1.3 Sampling Techniques and sample Size 8 3.2.3 Data collection and Instruments 9 3.2.4 Variables of the study 9 3.2.5 Data Processing and Analysis 9 3.2.6 Model Specification 10 REFERENCE 12 1. Introduction There are different ways of defining the term small and micro enterprises in different countries. The base for defining is depends on the number...
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...Section A (20 Marks) Write short notes on any four of the following 1. Marginal Utility 2. Income Elasticity of Demand 3. Role of Managerial Economics 4. Trend Projection Method 5. Economies of Scale Section B (30 marks) (Attempt any three) 1. Discuss the approaches to consumer demand analysis. 2. Describe the various methods for surveying the consumer. 3. Make a list of differences in complimentary goods and substitutes goods. 4. “Elasticity of supply is the degree of responsiveness of quantity supplied to a given change in price”. Explain this definition. Section C (50 marks) (Attempt all questions. Every question carries 10 marks) Read the case “Apple Inc.” and answer the following questions: Case Study: Apple Inc. In 2010, Apple had to delay the international launch of its iPad computer for a month, blaming ‘surprisingly strong US demand’ that was higher than the company’s ability to produce them. More than 500,000 were delivered to retailers and customers in its first week on sale, but these soon sold out. The company had planned to launch the touch-screen device internationally at the end of April, after beginning sales in the USA on 3 April. But the strong demand meant that it could not hit that date. The company said in a statement: ‘We will announce international pricing and begin taking online preorders on Monday, May 10. We know that many international customers waiting to buy an iPad will...
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...COURSE OBJECTIVES Financial and management accounting are more closely linked in practice than one might expect from reading traditional textbooks and the problems to be resolved often have income tax and auditing consequences as well. This seminar is designed to provide you with opportunities to apply general concepts and principles learned in intermediate and advanced financial accounting courses to new economic transactions and business decisions. Cases will be used to permit you to practice the skills you will need as a professional accountant whether in public accounting or private industry. In particular, this course is intended to refine your skills in researching the professional accounting literature to solve particular accounting problems, to arrive at defensible solutions where GAAP is vague or nonexistent, and to present your research conclusions in a professional manner. You will have opportunities to present your work orally and in writing. REQUIRED MATERIALS: A recent Intermediate Accounting text (Kieso used in Acct 315 & 414 would be fine) A recent Advanced Accounting text (whatever was used in for Acct 415-515 would be fine) On-line access to FASB’s ASC (accounting standards codification). The Department has purchase academic license so you can use the $850 “professional” version rather than the free version which has fewer bells and whistles. You can log on from fasb.org but it will take you to http://aaahq.org/ascLogin.cfm where you enter...
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...With these developments, it is obvious that conflicts between parties of different nationalities occur and liability to tax on income of foreigners especially among those engaging in trading venture. Whilst the laws affecting domicile and residence may be sufficiently settled, it is paramount for courts to pursue a detailed analysis to ascertain specific preliminary issues so as to avoid controversial rulings. Courts often handle numerous financial cases that involve what can be best described as foreign or international elements. In such cases, court must decide whether it has the jurisdiction under the Family Law Act 1975 to make a decision on such cases. In the event that it is determined that the court is invested with the jurisdiction to determine the case, the court has to consider whether there is a system of law in foreign country that also has the jurisdiction to handle the case. As it was addressed in the case Attorney General of New Zealand v Ortiz [1984] AC 1, these benefits and costs to either party if the case resolution is made in foreign country as compared with the apparent country should also be a subject of concern. [1] Legal systems in most countries around the world adopt community property regime, which takes effect at the inception of marriage or at the time of divorce. For instance, California and Massachusetts in the United States have adopted community property regimes that support equal division of assets upon divorce. However, this provision...
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...Adapted from Bernhardt & Kinnear (1988). Cases in marketing management, pp. 6-16. Plano, TX: Business Publications, Inc. Pay careful attention to the following points. They are often used by instructors to evaluate either a written or oral analysis. 1. Be complete. Each area of the situation analysis must be discussed, problems and opportunities identified, alternative presented and evaluated using the situation analysis and relevant financial analysis, and a decision must be made. An analysis that omits part of the situation analysis or only recognizes one alternative is not a good analysis. Second, each area must be covered in-depth and within insight. 2. Avoid rehashing case facts. Every case has a lot of factual information. A good analysis uses facts that are relevant to the situation at hand to make summary points of analysis. A poor analysis just restates or rehashes theses facts without making relevant summary comments. 3. Make reasonable assumptions. Every case is incomplete in terms of some piece of information that you would like to have. A good case analysis must make realistic assumptions to fill in the gaps of information in the case. For example, the case may not describe the purchase decision process for the product of interest. A poor analysis would either omit mentioning this or just state that no information is available. A good analysis would attempt to present this purchase decision process by classifying the product and drawing upon real life...
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...are given. It is understandable then that we should seek out more opportunities to apply our skills and make more positive impacts within our jurisdictions. It is this general attitude that led us to get involved in investigating cold cases. How We Got Started Mark had, for several years, been consulting with our Coroner’s Division as a forensic anthropologist. During this time he came to learn that there were numerous coroners’ cases in which the identity of the decedent was unknown. These cases were kept in three-ring binders on a shelf in the Sergeant’s office. Over the years, in the course of this forensic work, we would discuss these cases and the progress that was being made on them. The conversation usually ran along the lines of us asking “any luck with that 1980 homicide victim?” and the sergeant answering “well, we’ve gotten so many new cases that I haven’t been able to even look at it yet.” This went on for a few years and through two different sergeants. One day we, as a crime analysis unit, were brainstorming about how we could broaden our “client base”, as it were. We had been successful in integrating ourselves into our Investigations Bureau and had been involved in numerous major cases. And, of course, we had always been active in producing tactical and strategic analyses for our patrol personnel. But we knew that we could be doing more, particularly given the size and responsibilities of our agency. It was during...
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...BUSINESS CASE Presented to the Accountancy Department De La Salle University In partial fulfillment Of the course requirements In ACCTBA2 (C33) March 2, 2015 A stakeholder is typically concerned with an organization delivering intended results and meeting its financial objectives. In general, a stakeholder can be one of two types: internal (from within an organization) or external (outside of an organization). The stakeholders in this situation are Lanie Marquez and Tim Rodriguez who are also partners in the retail distribution business and their capital contributions are as follows P500,000 and P300,000 respectively they are an internal stakeholder since they are also the owners. The total Capital of both stakeholders is P800,000 and with a monthly salary for both partners at P15,000 on the assumption that both of them will contribute to manage the business equally. Assuming that both managed the business equally the total salary for the year for Lanie and Tim are P180,000 each. They share profit and loss equally and no interest will be given on capital contributed. The problem for this situation is that Lanie is starting to get concerned with the behavior of her other partner Tim. He only manages the business 50% of the time, which will mean that his salary of P15,000 will need to decrease by also 50% since he does not manage the business equally with his partner. The business has seen a downturn in the profit outcome and for the current financial...
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