...Inês Rodrigues 2nd Semester 2011/2012 Written Essay – Economic History “The most important outcome of the catch-‐up of more nations is a more fierce international competition in industries which are capital-‐intensive and increasingly knowledge-‐intensive.” Can you present nineteenth-‐century examples and actors, to illustrate this affirmation? The development of capital-‐intensive and knowledge-‐intensive industries and the large industrial enterprise in driving technological change and in playing a critical role in the catch-‐up process in these industries was a global as well as an American phenomenon. Historically we can see that large firms worldwide clustered in the same capital-‐intensive industry groups. And also their location remained remarkably stable. Before the nineteenth century, Europe presented low rates of growth and low values of GDP per capita. Although during the nineteenth-‐century...
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...recorded and played a large part in economic history. One of the first fundamental innovations was the significant developments in steam engine technology, which allowed for many different contributions. This included lighter, stronger metals, more precise tools, and a better sense of scientific knowledge, including mechanics, calorimetry, metallography, the theory of gases and also the embryonic science of thermodynamics. It also led to the use of steam engines to propel steamboats and locomotives, and thereby, increasing the efficiency of engines greatly (Cameron & Neal, 2003). The expansion of the steel industry also had a large impact. Steel rails, which were used for railways, lasted much longer and were also safer than iron rails. Steel plates that were used in the process of shipbuilding produced larger, lighter, and faster ships. Steel beams also made it possible to construct skyscrapers as well as many other structures. Another innovations which furthered economic development was transportation and communication. In terms of transportation, railways offered a cheap and fast way to transfer goods and people, and steamships also played a major role in integrating the world economy in the nineteenth century. The implementation of electric telegraphs, telephones, radios, and typewriters also facilitated business and personal communication. Some of the major elements of the legal and social environments conducive to economic development during that period included...
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...bias, he clearly set forth the premises of falsification as the key component in the scientific method.[3] Mill was also a Member of Parliament and an important figure in liberal political philosophy. Alfred Marshall (1842 - 1924) Alfred Marshall was an Englishman and one of the most influential economists of his time. His book, Principles of Economics (1890), was the dominant economic textbook in England for many years. It brings the ideas of supply and demand, marginal utility and costs of production into a coherent whole. He is known as one of the founders of neoclassical economics. John Maynard Keynes (1883 – 1946) John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes of Tilton was a British economist whose ideas, known as Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory and on many governments' fiscal policies. Milton Friedman (1912 – 2006) Milton Friedman was an American economist and statistician at the University of Chicago, and recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Among scholars, he is best known for his theoretical and empirical research, especially consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy. Joseph Shumpeter (1883 –1950) Joseph Alois Schumpeter was an Austrian-American economist and political scientist. He popularized...
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...Looking back at the history of health care economics it has greatly evolved during it course and will continue to change. There are many factors that have influenced the changes of health care economics. Money and technology has definitely been the reason for the change of health care economics over the years. Money is want makes the economy evolve. There will be advancement in technology and there needs to be people are managing these to keep up with the changes. The U.S. has definitely progressed as far as influencing factors to change in new advancement of technology and medical care. Having a good financial manager in your organization will prepare for these upcoming advancements and changes. Money drives these advancements in providing successful health care industries. Most of the funding that comes to make these changes comes from insurance companies but it also affects patients. Patients have to pay for insurance and the money adds up. It can be very expensive to pay for health insurance as well as medical bills and prescription medication. Today in society we provide services in health care for money. Money creates revenue for the organization can pay for supplies, workers, and other things to keep the organization running. Before money was involved physicians would trade in their skills and work for supplies to help you live such as food, tools, cotton etc. In 1929 the first health care insurance plan was created for population. Before that time there had been some...
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...Economic Terms and History Paper Vicki Sellers HCS 440 July 10, 2014 David Disciascio Economic Terms and History Paper Health care economics have dramatically evolved throughout generations in this country. And those changes have caused a shift in how health care organizations to adjust their financial methods, strategies, and how they provide overall care. Health care economics has at times put a great burden on the health care industry such as the providers, the ones needing care, and the insurance companies who now help pay for that care. Health care facilities and companies continually have so many demands put on them with all the changes, it is not surprising that something has to suffer because of it and in our current economy, what seems to suffer most is the quality of care provided. Changes to health care and its delivery have also been impacted by technology, advances in medicine as well as different procedures and medicines . People vary in their belief systems in what has caused the changes to health care economics. Some individuals believe that is due to various changes that United States have gone through since her birth. However many others believe that a lot of influence has been due to advances in technology and how those changes have impacted health care. What is most important is having an understanding of these changes and the impacts they have made on the health care industry over all throughout history. Comprehending the history of and how health...
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...Health Care Economics History Health Care Economics History Over the course of U.S. history, the economics of healthcare have undergone several changes that have all culminated into what it is today. Although several factors come into play in regards to these changes, the primary driver behind these changes have been major advances in medical care techniques and advanced technology such as in the field of diagnostic imaging and surgical services. All these things aside, it is important to illuminate the fact that regardless of the time period, the payment for services and its source have always been a critical factor in how fast and how far healthcare can go. The source of payment for medical services has changed quite a bit over the past few decades. Today, third party payers such as insurance companies pay the bulk load of the healthcare bills leaving only a portion to be paid by the actual recipient from their own funds. In the not so distant past, patients were expected to foot the bills in their entirety for their own pockets. In those times, physicians were considered tradesmen. Their bills were no different than any other tradesmen such as a plumber or carpenter. When their work was done, the patient paid the bill. Frequently, if the patient was unable to pay in cash, physicians would accept non-monetary reimbursement for their services such as livestock or some other farm produced item. This "barter system" worked quite well but as the 20th century came about and...
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...Economic History and Health Care Funding Monica Williams HCS/440 July 1, 2013 GEOFFREY SUSZKOWSKI Economic History and Health Care Funding The paper that is being written is covering the history of economics and how the economy and health care funding has changed. The paper will reveal how the two compare in today’s society. It will evaluate the money used to fund certain health care services such as Medicaid/ Medicare, HMO’s, and how places like hospitals and nursing homes receive compensation for taking care of patients. The paper will also go into detail of how elderly pay to have certain services such as home health services provide care in their place of residence. One must wonder what economic history and health care funding is. Well economic history is the way people with supply and demand which is how the price of a commodity or commodities are determined; the cost of the production of a product that is being made, wealth and the level of income, and the structure and operation of overseas trade. Some would believe that Health care funding is how most people can afford health care, seeing that the cost of receiving it is very high. With that being said, the government did not fund health care like they do now. There were no health care programs like the ones that are available today. Back in the old days people would be able to afford health care only if they could pay their doctor in food or whatever little money...
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...Economic Terms and Health Care History HCS/440 March 03, 2013 Michele Burka Economic Terms and Health Care History Over the years healthcare economics have changed tremendously. These changes have everything to do with the evolutionary changes that have occurred in the United States which have influenced this dramatic change in the economics medical technology. The main key that moves all things or drives that are through health care economics is the money and money helps keeps an organization established and is the key to success. The cash flow system is something that the organization uses to help run the business and make decisions for the future and learning the health care economics are important. “Economics is the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services or the material welfare of human kind.” We can’t use the ways of approach to health care services as we have done before with the depression or World Wars. The United States technology had to change because of the supply and demand and a new system have to be continuously be made to help United States population. A long time ago the person that needed services paid for their services that was needed with private funds, now today we have insurance companies assisting us with the cost, also third parties that cover the majority of payments, then if need be we pay a small portion with the private money. Who do you think is paying for this upcoming change that continues...
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...University of Phoenix Material Week Two Health Care Financial Terms Worksheet Understanding health care financial terms is a prerequisite for both academic and professional success. This assignment is intended to ensure you understand some of the basic terms used in this course. Complete the worksheet below according to the following guidelines: In the space provided, write each term’s definition as used in health care management. You must define the term in your own words. In the space provided after each term’s definition, summarize a health care management scenario that illustrates the importance of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool to which the term refers. In the scenario, you may wish to consider the following: o Why the skill, concept, procedure, or tool is necessary for accurate record keeping, operational efficiency, excellent patient services, employee management, regulatory compliance, reducing costs, forecasting, and so forth o Successes enabled by an adequate understanding or appropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool o Risks or failures associated with an inadequate understanding or inappropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft® Word document with your name in the file name. Submit the file to your instructor. Worksheet Submitted By: [Earlene Patton.] |Term |Definition ...
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...Economic Terms & Healthcare History Economic Terms & Healthcare History This paper will entail the history as well as the development of healthcare economics, and health care funding. The significance and how it affects the world today. I will address how the history and development of health care economics and the timeline of health care funding has changed over the past years in the United States. What is the Meaning of Evolution of Health Care Economics? Development of health care economics, it is a changing system within the United States. It has become multifaceted and in the past two decades, the upheaval in health care in is largely in lieu of rising health care cost. It is a discipline that deals with the conception, distribution, and all intakes of goods and services. Over the past years, it has dealt with pricing of products and the structure of the economy, as the price-cost relationship of a whole medical firm. It relates to an uncaring conversion, when a demand fails to increase or decrease in percentage to a decrease or increase in price. The adjustment involves the total health care market price of all the goods and services created within the form of a country during an identified time ("Gross domestic Product, " 2014). However, the evolution of health care economics deals with a broad and general aspect of an economy income and investments of the United States as a whole. The history and development of health care economics have...
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...2011 Economic Terms and Health Care History Health care economics has gone through many changes over the years. With all of the changes health care organizations have had to adjust their financial strategies as well as their organizational strategies. The economy has had a lot to do with all of these changes. Healthcare organizations have so many demands put on them. Some of the changes that have occurred are due to the advances in medicine such as diagnostic, procedures and pharmaceutical. Insurance Payments over the years have changed. It used to be that you had health insurance and your bills would get paid over the years the payment system has changed and more and more is coming from the patient’s pocket. In this paper the focus will be these key terms supply and demand, microeconomics, microeconomics and elasticity. The issue is not how to fill or reuse empty beds. In this changing environment, hospitals and health systems must focus on streamlining and simplifying operational processes, facilitating case management, promoting the least costly setting for care delivery, and optimizing resource sharing among departments. When hospitals have addressed these issues, then solutions to the “bed problem” will be obvious.Cynthia Hayward, 1996(Marcinko, 2007). Division of economics focused on evaluating scarcity in health care systems in different economies. ("Health Economics", 2012). The currents state of our economy is a prime example. Health economics seeks to identify...
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...Economic Terms and Health Care History Evelyn Olson January 28, 2013 Instructor: Eric Oestmann Throughout the years economics of health care has changed. With the election and the reelection of President Obama economics in health care has become an important issue again for the economist, health care professionals and managers. In the United States before the 1920’s doctors didn’t know much about diseases to provide people with much useful care and therefore charges for their services were very affordable. Many people before the 1900’s that received health care were treated for their illnesses at home. Payments were often made by the exchange system which most people offered doctors whatever they were able to afford at the time, often it would be a meal of some type, grain, cotton or livestock. As the United States advanced in historical factors such as WWI and WWII, the Great Depression, and technology a new system was used to assist the United States population in medical services. Today, those days are gone we are no longer a undersized group of individuals needing a small amount of medication that seemed to be in those days a cure for almost any type of sickness. The United States is a now a nation that consists of millions of numerous physicians, nurses, and many other health care professionals to choose from to provide care. Along with many access to healthcare services the United States has advanced in healthcare technology making available many levels of care...
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...Economic Terms and Health Care History Shonda Menezes HCS/440 John Gaze January 16, 2011 Economic Terms and Health Care History Health care economics has gone through many changes over the years. With all of the changes health care organizations have had to adjust their financial strategies as well as their organizational strategies. The economy has had a lot to do with all of these changes. Healthcare organizations have so many demands put on them. Some of the changes that have occurred are due to the advances in medicine such as diagnostic, procedures and pharmaceutical. Insurance Payments over the years have changed. It used to be that you had health insurance and your bills would get paid over the years the payment system has changed and more and more is coming from the patient’s pocket. In this paper the focus will be these key terms supply and demand, microeconomics, microeconomics and elasticity. The issue is not how to fill or reuse empty beds. In this changing environment, hospitals and health systems must focus on streamlining and simplifying operational processes, facilitating case management, promoting the least costly setting for care delivery, and optimizing resource sharing among departments. When hospitals have addressed these issues, then solutions to the “bed problem” will be obvious.Cynthia Hayward, 1996(Marcinko, 2007). Division of economics focused on evaluating scarcity in health care systems in different economies. ("Health Economics"...
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...Economic Terms and Health Care History HCS 440 December 19, 2011 Lori Geddes Economic Terms and Health Care History This summary will show the history and evolution of health care economics. The readers will also get a timeline of health care funding. Once you have read everything the summary shows you then you will have an insight to economical terms can help to understand the history and the timeline the terms are going to be: Economics, supply and demand, microeconomics, macroeconomics, elasticity, inelasticity, and gross domestic product. With these words this will show you about economics in the health care history. Once the American Medical Association (AMA) was founded healthcare was just getting off the ground with hospitals and doctors (American Medical Association, 2011). During this time doctors would see patients on a bartering system. The doctors at this time would make house calls and for the services they gave to the patients the patient at this time would give the doctor goods. The supply and demand at that time would be food, and anything that the people would not have. During this time they would pay with cooked meals, animals, things that they made, and their time such as working for the doctor however he wanted them to. During the time frame of 1901 to 1940’s healthcare and medicine took made great improvement. Medicine and hospitals became very important at this time. President Truman proposed a national health care plan, but it was shot out of...
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...Economic History and Health Care Funding Christina Bacon HCS 440 Economics: The Financing of Healthcare BSCS13JR00 University of Phoenix Online Geoffrey J. Suszkowski, Ph.D., LFHIMSS June 5, 2012 Economic History and Health Care Funding When writing this paper, the subjects covered will be the history of economics and how the economy and health care funding have changed and how the two go hand in hand in today’s society. Where the money will come from to fund health care services such as; Medicaid/Medicare, HMO’s, how hospitals and nursing homes get paid for taking care of people, going to the doctor’s office, or going to the hospital. How the elderly pay to have home health services come in and provide care in their homes. All these things will be covered in this paper. Economic History and Health Care Funding What is economic history and health care funding? Economic history is the way people dealt with supply and demand, cost of production of a product, the levels of income and distribution of wealth, the structure of overseas trade, and the volume and direction of investment, (Adelman, 1985). Health care funding, is the way people would pay for their health care, because in the early years, there was no Medicaid/Medicare, or HMO’s to help pay for health care. The government did not fund health care then like health care is funded now, through government programs such as Medicaid/Medicare, HMO, health insurance, etc. People paid for health care by paying...
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