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a) Figure 1 shows the UK’s fiscal deficits between 2001/02 and 2013/14. In 2007-8, the UK’s fiscal deficit stood at around 2.3% of GDP however by 2009-10 the UK’s fiscal deficit was 12.4%. A fiscal deficit occurs when government expenditure is higher than revenue received from taxes. One reason for the fiscal deficit was the recession. During the recession many people lost their jobs so the government had to pay out more benefits whilst at the same time they received less tax revenue. The government also needed to spend to get its way out of the economy which again, lead to an increasing deficit.

b) Public finances refer to the Public sector revenues and spending. The UK fiscal deficit is set to rise from £90bn in 2008-09 to £175bn in 2009-10. A deterioration in public finances either means a loss of tax revenues or an increase in government spending. One problem occurring due to a deterioration in the public finances for the UK is the increased cost of servicing national debt, which will inevitably increase if a deterioration of finances occurs. The national debt for the UK is expected to rise from around 38% of GDP in 2007-8 to 79% of GDP in 2013-14.

A second problem occurring due to a deterioration in public finances for the UK is the need to cut costs. Extract 1 states the increase in public spending can only mean deep cuts in other government departments. Due to this, annual public spending will only be allowed to grow 0.7% in real terms for the five years after 2010.

c) There are many reasons why the UK economy was in a weak state following the financial crisis in autumn 2007.

One reason for this is because financial services play a huge part in the UK economy. The decline of banks led to a rise in unemployment which meant government spending rose due to more people claiming unemployment benefits and tax revenues fell greatly, due to

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