...Report Turkmenistan-AfghanistanPakistan-India Gas Pipeline: South Asia’s Key Project The biggest pipeline issue in South Asia currently is the proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline or TAPI, as it is known. This report gives a breakdown of the history of the project as well as the pertinent issues. T he Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline (TAP or TAPI) is a proposed natural gas pipeline being developed by the Asian Development Bank. The pipeline will transport Caspian Sea natural gas from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan into Pakistan and then to India. The abbreviation comes from the first letters of those countries. Proponents of the project see it as a modern continuation of the Silk Road. The Afghan government is expected to receive 8% of the project’s revenue. The original project started in March 1995 when an inaugural memorandum of understanding between the governments of Turkmenistan and Pakistan for a pipeline project was signed. In August 1996, the Central Asia Gas Pipeline, Ltd. (CentGas) consortium for construction of a pipeline, led by U.S. oil company Unocal, was formed. On 27 October 1997, CentGas was incorporated in formal signing ceremonies in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan by several international oil companies along with the Government of Turkmenistan. In January 1998, the Taliban, selecting CentGas over Argentinian competitor Bridas Corporation, signed an agreement that allowed the proposed project to proceed. In June 1998, Russian Gazprom relinquished...
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...FDI policy – Indian Perspective 11th September 2007 Macro-economic Overview Sustained Economic growth • Growth of over 8.0% during last 3 years • Fourth largest economy in the world in PPP terms Services account for over 50% of GDP Manufacturing sector growing annually at over 9% (17.4% in GDP) Foreign exchange reserve of over US $ 200 billion FDI inflows grew by 72% in 2005-06: the growth in 200607 was 184%. FDI inflows continue to be impressive this year as well with US$ 4.9 billion already recorded for the first quarter of 2007-08 India- Advantages as a destination for FDI Young Demographic Profile- 54% population below 25 years Abundant availability of Skilled Human Resources Adequate natural resources and raw materials Large and growing domestic market Established rule of law and a vibrant three tiered democracy Economic Reforms Industrial Policy Reforms • Compulsory licensing limited to only 5 sectors: on security, public health & safety considerations and where items are reserved for the SSI sector • FDI policy liberalisation since 1991calibrated progressive liberalisation followed • Technology collaboration liberalised Liberalization of FDI Policy New sectors opened FDI up to 100% allowed in most sectors FDI up to 100% allowed in some sectors FDI up to 74/51/50% allowed In 111 sectors Only a small negative list FDI limits Increased Procedures Further simplified Automatic Route introduced FDI up to 51% Allowed In 35 priority sectors FDI Allowed...
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...EXCHANGE RATE OF INDIA Introduction India in the 21st century is one of the fastest growing countries of the world. Oil being the bloodline of the growing economy, is a necessary commodity and has a very inelastic demand, steadily growing with time. In 2011, India was the fourth largest energy consumer in the world after the United States, China, and Russia. India's economy grew at an annual rate of approximately 7 percent since 2000 and proved relatively resilient to the 2008 global financial crisis. India was the 10th largest economy in the world in 2011, as measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). In the International Energy Outlook 2011, EIA projects India and China to account for the biggest share of Asian energy demand growth through 2035. India is heavily dependent on crude oil imported from the Middle East and imports more than 70% of its domestic demand. Due to a stagnation of domestic production, the import of crude has gone up from 11.68 million tons (mt) in 1970–1971 to 196 mt in 2007–2008. Oil import bill for India in 2007–2008 was $144.93 billion. With the high demand of oil and other petroleum, and their fluctuating price in the global markets, we are at a very high risk of foreign exchange risk. With so much purchase of energy imports, it might lead to exchange rate movements. And the volatility in the exchange rates (caused by the oil price volatility) may have severe effects on the economy, especially on infrastructural projects and FDI. There have...
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...Water Scenario: Past, Present and Future of Pakistan By: Muhammed Zafir Zia Per capita availability of surface water in Pakistan is gradually dwindling from 5300 cubic meter in 1951 to 1000 cubic meters in 2005 and is projected to hit less than 1000 cubic meters making Pakistan a water short country Of all the major problems, water crisis is the one that lies at the heart of our survival and that of our planet. Experts project that the global water crisis will reach unprecedented levels in the years ahead in many parts of the developing world. The years ahead predict the threat of looming water wars between countries. According to figures published by the United Nations & other international organizations, 1.1bn people are without a sufficient access to water, and 2.4bn people have to live without adequate sanitation. Under current trends, the prognosis is that about 3bn people of a population of 8.5bn will suffer from water shortage by 2025. 83% of them will live in developing countries, mostly in rural areas where even today sometimes only 20% of the populations have access to a sufficient water supply. Fresh drinking water is not only a need of human beings, but equally important for the animals and agriculture throughout the world. This acute water shortage will be responsible in spreading diseases as contaminated water is the sole cause of nearly 80% infectious diseases. Hence the world has to take serious and concrete measures in order to avoid the water...
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...about the ways of sustaining India’s economic growth, and with good reason. A casual look at the growth figures of the individual states shows the existence of a direct relationship between the quality of infrastructure and the performance of the state. The states with the best infrastructure attract businesses which creates employment which in turn helps their economy grow. This paper looks at the current scenario in some of the most important sectors and tries to compare it with countries which are widely known to be on the same economic trajectory, viz. Brazil, Russia, China and Mexico. The paper finds that although the progress has been slow, the government has made an attempt to kick start the investment in infrastructure either itself as in creation and maintenance of schools under “Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan” or through the PPP model as done in several highway projects. The issues arising due to poor infrastructure set India’s annual GDP growth back by as much as 1.5% - 2%. This paper shows that the government funding has remained almost constant in most sectors and their increase is unlikely owing to the high fiscal deficit. Hence it is the private investment which will have to fund the infrastructure projects. The government of India recognises this and the design of the twelfth five year plan seeks to foster private sector participation. Their participation backed by a strong political will to see the projects through is necessary if India hopes to maintain the growth rates...
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...Unilever in India Doug Baillie Group Vice President, South Asia Unilever Accelerating change Mumbai 14th November 2007 Safe harbour statement This presentation may contain forward-looking statements, including 'forward-looking statements' within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as 'expects', 'anticipates', 'intends' or the negative of these terms and other similar expressions of future performance or results, including financial objectives to 2010, and their negatives are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based upon current expectations and assumptions regarding anticipated developments and other factors affecting the Group. They are not historical facts, nor are they guarantees of future performance. Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including, among others, competitive pricing and activities, consumption levels, costs, the ability to maintain and manage key customer relationships and supply chain sources, currency values, interest rates, the ability to integrate acquisitions and complete planned divestitures, physical risks, environmental risks, the ability to manage regulatory, tax and legal matters and resolve pending matters within current estimates, legislative...
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...China and India: The Pattern of Recent Growth and Governance in a Comparative Political Economy Perspective By Pranab Bardhan The two largest countries of the world with ancient agrarian civilizations, with many centuries of dominance in the world economy in the past and recently with impressive economic growth performance, draw obvious comparison. Over the last more than sixty years the two neighboring countries having adopted sharply divergent political and economic systems also provide a point of reference in any study of comparative systems. In this short essay we shall first briefly describe their patterns of economic growth primarily in the last three decades and their implications for the massive poverty and inequality in the two countries, and then move on to discuss the nature of governance both in public and private spheres, which shape those patterns. In 1820 the two countries contributed about half of world income (measured in 1990 prices), in 1950 they contributed less than 10 per cent (the preceding century in the case of China and nearly two centuries in the case of India included rather unpleasant encounters with the international powers), and the very rough projection is that in 2025 the two countries will contribute about one-third of world income (China much more than India). In the 1870’s as well as the 1970’s per capita income in comparable prices was somewhat higher in India, but since then China has shot far ahead. Even accounting for...
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...are, their growth boosts wages & household income, fatter pay-packages, encourage consumption & consumer spending that favors services. “Results become cause & cause become results” This has made a huge contribution to China’s growth. The tightness in the labor market shows that China is operating close to its limits. Rather than chasing growth govt. has made shadow-banking regulation stricter, preserved with curbs on property speculation. The Economic Times 25th April 2013 • RBI strikes gold with its yellow metal stock It has earned 41% returns from gold reserves since 2009, 4 times more than other assets. • RBI may prod private bank to enforce KYC norms May push banks to rationalize commissions paid to their wealth & relationship managers in order to discourage dubious transactions. • Create more banks. Chit funds will die. Lack of financial inclusion. • Economists isn’t as smart as dentistry • When entrepreneurs become Angel Investors 26th April 2013 • Market surges as traders roll over bets ahead of RBI policy Punters purchase bank stocks to rake in the dividends on hopes of rate cut on 3 • Getting bank license will not be cake walk RBI’s insistence on priority lending & substantial presence in rural areas will make opening new banks difficult: Deputy Governor. 29th April 2013 •...
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...Page no. | 1.2.3.4.5.6. | Executive summaryIntroductionObjectives and MethodologyFindingsProduct LineSWOT AnalysisCompetitors AnalysisPerformance AnalysisFuture OpportunitiesFuture Projects of HULConclusionBibliography | 34-56789-1213-1515-18192021 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hindustan Unilever Limited is the Indian arm of the Anglo-Dutch company –Unilever. Both Unilever and HUL have established themselves well in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) category. In India, the company offers many households brands like, Dove,Lifebuoy, Lipton,Lux, Pepsodent, Ponds, Rexona, Sunsilk, Surf, Vaseline etc. Some of its efforts were also rewarded when four of HUL brands found place in the ‘Top 10 brands’ list for the year 2008 published in The Economic Times. Unilever was a result of the merger between the Dutch margarine company, Margarine Unie, and the British soap-maker, Lever Brothers, way back in 1930. For 70 years, Unilever was the undisputed market leader but now faces tough competition from Proctor & Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive. HUL is also known for its strong distribution network in India. In order to further strengthen its distribution in the rural areas and to empower the local women, HUL launched a project Shakti in 2000 in a district in Andhra Pradesh. The idea behind this project was to create women entrepreneurs and provide them with micro-credit and training in enterprise management, which would enable them to create self-help groups and become direct-to-home...
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...EMERGING ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONFLICTS AS THREAT TO PROSPERITY Biyash Chakraborty MBA- International Business Email: chakraborty.biyash93@gmail.com University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun. (Uttarakhand), INDIA __________________________________________________________________________ Abstract India’s rapid economic growth has made it the second fastest growing energy market in the world. Its domestic and international strategies has produced foreign policy differences with the United States that will require careful management on both sides. India’s basic approach to energy diplomacy has been to develop its supply potential and neutralize its potential competitors, principally China. India’s strategic interest in Iran as its energy partner and then the Iraq crisis are having a negative consequence on its economic prosperity, placing it on crossroads with the US. There is a divide between US and EU about the wisdom and desirability of imposing harsh economic sanctions on Russia. In any such confrontation, EU stands to lose much more than the US, though it can be argued that Russia will be the worst loser. In future, Russia may try to find new potential market for its gas and that could be India. So it is important for India to take its stand on Ukraine crisis carefully without tarnishing its relation with USA. India’s long-term prosperity hinges to some degree on a conflict free neighborhood; that an economically integrated region is in India’s...
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...constitute as fast moving, market size and government initiatives undertaken to promote this sector. It will also cover the aspects of a product that draws a customer towards a particular product. In addition, it will cover the road ahead (growth opportunities) in this sector. Introduction India has been a consumption-driven economy for the last many decades. Consumer spending in the country is expected to increase about 2.5 times by 2025. Broadly categorized into urban and rural markets, the Indian consumer segment is gaining high attention and pampering from marketers across the globe. Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) or Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) is a product that is sold quickly and at relatively low cost. Examples include non-durable goods such as soft drinks, toiletries, Over-the-counter drugs, toys, processed foods and many other consumables. Malviya, S. (2014), The Economic Times Marketing of FMCGs (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) plays a pivotal role in the growth and development of a country irrespective of the size, population and the concepts which are so interlinked that, in the absence of one, the other virtually cannot survive. It is a fact that the development of FMCG marketing has always kept pace with the economic growth of the country. Both have experienced evolutionary changes rather than revolutionary changes. The objective of modern marketing is to make profits by delighting the consumers by satisfying their needs and wants. Though the...
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...conditions that the organisation is facing Reconstruction: Change undertaken to realign the way in which the organization operates, with many initiatives implemented simultaneously; often forced and reactive because of a changing competitive context. AC1.2 Evaluate the relevance of models of strategic change to organisations in the current economy. Kotter’s model suggests that change is a gradual process and it should be dealt like wise. The change starts itself starts when and urgency in the organisation is created either to fulfill new requirement and need to resolve current issues. This leads to formation of vision and clear objectives which defines the change to be taken forward. In current economic scenario, where the industry is in very competitive environment and the economic recession has further tightened its position, it becomes necessary for the organisation to win the confidence of the staff and employees and keep them involved and engaged with the proposed strategic change. Any failure to change strategy, will further dampen the overall business growth of the organisation and this could occur if the organisation does not consider to take the change and follow a standard approach of handling change at an organisational level. To resolve this scenario, kotter’s 8 step change model has a great relevance to it. There...
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...MGMT 002 Technology and World Change Topical Written Report Term 1, AY 2011-2012 G22, Project Group 4 Word Count: 1000 1 Table of Contents I. Synopsis ............................................................................................. 3 II. Relationship between technological and economic developments ............................................................................................................... 3 A. How technological developments fuel economic developments........................................................................................ 3 B. How economic developments fuel technological developments........................................................................................ 3 C. How sustainable are these developments? ............................. 4 III. Impact of economic and technological developments ................. 4 A. On Asia ........................................................................................ 4 B. On the world now ........................................................................ 4 C. On the world in the future .......................................................... 5 IV. Conclusion ....................................................................................... 5 2 I. Synopsis Will China and India be the world’s next superpowers? Perhaps history has its answers. Mankind has always been in search of for greener pastures, and there has always been powerful of empires that have...
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...History of Dhiru Bhai Ambani Introduction * Dhirubhai Ambani is referred as India's "Businessman of the Century". Founder of Reliance Group India. Childhood * Dhirubhai Ambani (Dhirajlal Hirachand Ambani) was born on 28 December 1932, at Chorwad, Junagadh in the now state of Gujarat (India). * Parents Name: Hirachand Gordhanbhai Ambani and Jamnaben. Entrepreneurship * Dhirubhai was the second son of a school teacher and started his entrepreneurial career by selling "pakora" to pilgrims in Mount Girnar. * At the age of 17, Dhirubhai went to Aden (now part of Yemen) and worked for A. Besse & Co. Ltd., the sole selling distributor of Shell products. * Two years later Dhirubhai was promoted to manage the company’s filling station at the port of Aden. * In the year 1958,Dhirubhai Ambani returned to Mumbai and started his first company, Reliance Commercial Corporation, a commodity trading and export house. * The first office was set up at the Narsinathan Street in Masjid Bunder. It was a 350 Sq.in partnership with Champaklal Damani. * In the year 1965, Dhirubhai Ambani started his own company. * In the year 1966, as a first step in Reliance's highly successful strategy of backward integration, he started the textile mill in Naroda, Ahmedabad. * Textiles were manufactured using polyester fibre yarn. Dhirubhai started the brand "Vimal". * Dhirubhai diversified his business with the core specialisation being in...
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...Solar Energy Opportunities and Challenges for India Energy Sector Structure Policies and Regulation Mid-Term Paper Trimester II Submitted to Prof. Anupam Sircar Submitted by: Ambuj Lal (P101005) Institute of Energy Management and Research Gurgaon Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. India’s Current Power Scenario 3 3. Solar Energy Potential 3 4. State Participation in Solar Energy 4 4.1 Brief about JNNSM 4 4.2 Solar Installations and Gadgets 5 5. Technology Aspect 6 5.1 Issues with Development of Grid Interactive Technology 7 6. Finance 8 7. Risks and Challenges 9 8. Way Ahead 9 References: 10 1. 2. Introduction Energy is the prime factor for the generation of wealth and a significant factor for economic development of a country. Efficient and regular supply of energy is also critical for the economic growth. The limited fossil resources and the environmental problems associated with them have emphasized the need for new sustainable energy supply options. Development of newer energy sources thus acquires importance. The challenge is to ensure adequate supply of energy at the least possible cost. Another important aspect is to provide clean and convenient energy critical for the well-being of the poor, even when they cannot fully pay for it. Solar thermal power generation systems also known as Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) generating systems are emerging renewable energy technologies that can be developed...
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