...familiar with, ecotourism is a relatively newfangled concept that not too much people have heard of and this is more realistic in the context of our country Bangladesh. Even we, when first assigned with this particular topic as our research project, did not have clear idea what ecotourism exactly was all about. Later, we studied in detail regarding the concept and got to what ecotourism actually is. Two topics that have attracted growing interest in anthropology in the past decade or two are tourism and the environment. Regarding tourism, increasingly people see vacations as a necessary corrective for what they perceive as a more and more stressful working life. Increasingly also, people see the environment as under threat from the profit‐seeking growth that drives corporations. Ecotourism can be broadly defined as an idea of leisure travel that has the object of enjoying features of what is seen as the natural environment in a way that has minimal negative consequences for the environment. Ecotourism is generally taken to include a sociocultural element, the intention of seeing and interacting with people (often identified as “indigenous”) whose customs and appearance seem exotic and attractive and doing so in a way that respects and benefits them. Bangladesh has lots of marvelous tourism spots but most of them are still unexplored by the relevant authority. Having all the minimum requirements, the tourism industry could not develop adequately in Bangladesh. The cracks of...
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...Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Management Master Thesis M.Sc. in Business Administration The Use of Promotional Activities in the Tourism Industry: The Case of Bangladesh [pic] By Md. Jakir Hossain Dr. Klaus Solberg Søilen ID # 670504-P777 Academic Supervisor E-mail: mjho05@student.bth.se hossainj67@yahoo.com Date: 07 June, 2006 Abstract This thesis is an attempt to investigate how the use of promotional activities can help to develop the tourism industry by giving a special concentration to the case of Bangladesh. The investigation was conducted from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. The contribution of the same industry to the world economy is considerable. Many countries are now dependent on this sector for foreign currency earnings. Every destination country is trying to achieve more gain by developing this industry. The expansion of the tourism through out the world has increased competition among the tourist destinations, trying to attract more tourists by adopting appropriate marketing techniques and strategies. Failure of doing so by a particular marketer will lead to a less competitive in the world tourism market. As an important element of marketing mix, promotion plays the vital role in marketing any product and service. Tourism product/service is of no exception. Because of the tourists want to know in advance about the attractions and the facilities of a particular destination. The tourist...
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...BIODIVERSITY OF TANGUAR HAOR: A RAMSAR SITE OF BANGLADESH Volume I: Wildlife (Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,200 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN's work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 45 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. www.iucn.org About IUCN Biodiversity of Tanguar Haor: A Ramsar Site of Bangladesh Volume I: Wildlife (Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) Biodiversity of Tanguar Haor: A Ramsar Site of Bangladesh Volume I: Wildlife (Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals) Research and Text Technical Editor A. B. M. Sarowar Alam Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury Dr. Istiak Sobhan Dr. Reza Khan Ishtiaq Uddin Ahmad Md. Aminur Rahman The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion...
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...THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE ENVIRONMENT: CASES FROM SOUTH ASIA ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM ALONG THE KARACHI COASTAL AREAS Samina Khalil Applied Economics Research Institute, Karachi January, 1999 This paper is forthcoming in Joy E. Hecht, ed., The Economic Value of the Environment: Cases from South Asia, to be published by IUCN in 1999. This paper is copyrighted by IUCN/US. It may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit uses, without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. All four papers in the forthcoming volume are available on the web at http://www.iucnus.org/publications.html. ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM ALONG THE KARACHI COASTAL AREAS Samina Khalil Applied Economics Research Institute, Karachi ABSTRACT The mangroves of the Indus River Delta in the Karachi, Pakistan coastal areas provide a wealth of goods and services to people who live and work among them. However, these products are not sold in established markets, so their economic importance goes unrecognized. As a result, the expansion of regional industry, agriculture, and population are permitted to threaten the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystems. This study describes the broad array of goods and services provided by the mangroves, and uses market data to estimate the economic value of a few of them. It then argues for the importance of more thorough ...
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...UNIT I DEFORESTATION CHAPTER 1 What is deforestation? Deforestation is the removal or damage of vegetation in a forest to the extent that it no longer supports its natural flora and fauna. In other words, deforestation can be defined as the transformation of forest land to non-forest uses where forest land includes lands under agro-forestry and shifting cultivation, and not simply closed canopy primary forests (FAO/UNEP, 1982). However, this definition does not include “logging”. More inclusive was Myers’s 1980 definition, where deforestation refers, “generally to the complete destruction of forest cover through clearing for agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum...
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...CHAPTER 1 | TOURISM | 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM Since the beginning of the time people have travelled In the early periods, people used to travel for food, water and safety or acquisition of resources (trade). But in the recent times, the word travel is also associated with pleasure or exploration. Now, Tourism is the business of providing travel, accommodation, food, entertainment to the people who are travelling for the purpose of either recreation and leisure or business. Tourism may be expressed as the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors. Hence, tourism is the movement of people (tourists) to a destination outside of place, where they normally live and work. Tourism is not only restricted to people (tourists) but it is also the movement of activities of the providers. For example, the services provided during the course of travel. Tourism is about involving people and knowing them better. It is not a short term process of but a long term relationship between the consumer (tourists) and provider of Tourism Service. Tourism is the collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities...
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...NE 2012 DANO LITY ABI TAIN SUS RT EPO R ance Perform and Strategy IC RATEG TS ST LIGH HIGH For All, Health, Nature People, E RmAnC fo GRI pERoRS T IndICA SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2012 STRATEgY 4 EDITORIAL FRANCK RIBOUD 6 KEY SOCIAL TOPICS NUTRITION AND HEALTH ISSUES SOCIAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 7 10 12 14 STRATEgY 2012 HIgHLIgHTS HEALTH FOR ALL PEOPLE NATURE 15 22 28 34 40 MEASURINg PROgRESS AND PERFORMANCE THROUgHOUT THE VALUE CHAIN DANONE WAY RESPECT DANONE’S EVALUATION BY NON-FINANCIAL RATING AGENCIES 41 46 56 HISTORICAL APPROACH AND HIgHLIgHTS REFERENCE DOCUMENTS HIGHLIGHTS AND KEY DATES 1972-2012 57 58 50 2 Danone Sustainability Report 2012 PERFORMANCE 62 gRI INDEx Self-evaluation of the application of GRI according to version 3.0 guidelines for the GRI with approval by KPMG Audit. 72 IMPACTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN BUSINESS, FROM END TO END 74 COMPANY PROFILE AND REPORT PARAMETERS COMPANY PROFILE REPORT PARAMETERS VALIDATION OF THE REPORT BY AN EXTERNAL THIRD PARTY 75 76 83 86 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS GOVERNANCE, COMMITMENTS AND DIALOGUE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL HUMAN RIGHTS SOCIETY PRODUCT RESPONSIBILITY 86 94 102 134 152 158 166 176 CONTACTS Danone Sustainability Report 2012 3 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2012 EDITORIAL FRANCK RIBOUD he year 2012 confirmed in spectacular manner the profound shift in the global economy that is gathering pace. On the one hand, new economic powers...
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...2014 Trends Report Top 10 Global Spa and Wellness Trends Forecast 2014 Trends Report Top 10 Global Spa and Wellness Trends Forecast This is our 11th annual Trends Forecast, and I have never been more excited about the spa and wellness industry. So many of the trends we predicted over the past decade are now coming to fruition…helping businesses thrive and helping people live more healthfully every day. At the same time, we are seeing new, provocative ideas that will have a dramatic impact around the globe. The 2014 trends reflect an industry that is reimagining core elements of spa and wellness and exploring brave, new directions. It is gratifying to see a healthy dose of healthy travel in several of the trends; bold new ideas in mainstays like aromatherapy and hot springs take hold; and the development of new models for classic destination spas. It is also rewarding to watch trends in technology, beauty and fitness shape how we will live (and look)—and even take note of how the industry will help people address dying, illness and major life changes. And finally, there is a trend we forecasted in 2013 that continues to capture our imagination: mindfulness. We feel strongly that it is important to watch how this is evolving, and you’ll see a short synopsis of this “über trend” in the report. Spafinder Wellness 365™’s Trends Forecast reports on what is happening in our industry, but we also strive to present a true forecast of what lies ahead. Some ideas are still on...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N T WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2013 GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT New York and Geneva, 2013 ii World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on four decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensusbuilding, and provides technical assistance to over 150 countries. The terms country/economy as used in this Report also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this Report follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are:...
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...Chinmaya Dunster, Behafrid Patel Artists – Sushma Durve and Anagha Deshpande CD ROM – Jaya Rai and Prasanna Kolte © Copyright Text – Erach Bharucha/ UGC, 2004. Photographs – Erach Bharucha Drawings – Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research All rights reserved. Distributed by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. 2004. ii Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Preliminary Pages.p65 2 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Vision The importance of Environmental Studies cannot be disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. The degradation of our environment is linked to continuing problems of pollution, loss of forest, solid waste disposal, issues related to economic productivity and national as well as ecological security. The increasing levels of global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and a serious loss of biodiversity have also made everyone aware of growing environmental concerns. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio De Janero in 1992, and the World...
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...Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality By the same author Britain – Workshop or Service Centre to the World? The British Hotel and Catering Industry The Business of Hotels (with H. Ingram) Europeans on Holiday Higher Education and Research in Tourism in Western Europe Historical Development of Tourism (with A.J. Burkart) Holiday Surveys Examined The Management of Tourism (with A.J. Burkart eds) Managing Tourism (ed.) A Manual of Hotel Reception (with J.R.S. Beavis) Paying Guests Profile of the Hotel and Catering Industry (with D.W. Airey) Tourism and Hospitality in the 21st Century (with A. Lockwood eds) Tourism and Productivity Tourism Council of the South Pacific Corporate Plan Tourism Employment in Wales Tourism: Past, Present and Future (with A.J. Burkart) Trends in Tourism: World Experience and England’s Prospects Trends in World Tourism Understanding Tourism Your Manpower (with J. Denton) Dictionary of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality S. Medlik Third edition OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington MA 01803 First published 1993 Reprinted (with amendments) 1994 Second edition 1996 Third edition 2003 Copyright © 1993, 1996, 2003, S. Medlik. All rights reserved The right of S. Medlik to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted...
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...http://www.nckvietnam.com Understanding the Global Spa Industry http://www.nckvietnam.com This page intentionally left blank http://www.nckvietnam.com Understanding the Global Spa Industry: Spa Management Marc Cohen and Gerard Bodeker AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEWYORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier http://www.nckvietnam.com Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA01803, USA First edition 2008 Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone ( 44) (0) 1865 843830; fax ( 44) (0) 1865 853333; email: permissions@elsevier.com. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http:/ /elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any...
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...ISSN Journal title 1619‐4500 1863‐8171 1528‐7106 0001‐3072 1018‐161X 1096‐3685 1087‐9595 1524‐7252 0001‐4273 1537‐260X 0363‐7425 1526‐1794 1095‐6298 1813‐0534 0001‐4575 1754‐7718 1445‐954X 0001‐4788 0810‐5391 1944‐529X 1530‐9320 0951‐3574 1328‐8261 0963‐9284 1041‐0392 0155‐9982 0148‐4184 1032‐3732 0888‐7993 1744‐9480 1911‐382X 1030‐9616 0958‐5206 0361‐3682 1530‐0226 1073‐0516 1046‐8188 1049‐3301 1049‐331X 0168‐9673 0001‐6373 0001‐6918 0353‐4316 1212‐3285 4OR: Quarterly Journal of Operations Research A St A ‐ Advances in Statistical Analysis AACE International Transactions Abacus: a journal of accounting, finance and business studies Academia Economic Papers Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Learning and Education Academy of Management Review Academy of Marketing Science Review Academy of Marketing Studies Journal Academy of Taiwan Business Management Review Accident Analysis and Prevention Accountancy Business and the Public Interest Accounting Accountability and Performance Accounting and Business Research Accounting and Finance Accounting and Taxation Accounting and the Public Interest Accounting Auditing and Accountability Journal Accounting Commerce and Finance: The Islamic Perspective Journal Accounting Education: An International Journal Accounting Educators' Journal Accounting Forum Accounting Historians Journal...
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...MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SIXTHEDITION MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES SERIES Managing Cultural Differences: Global Leadership Strategies for the 21 st Century, Sixth Edition Philip R. Harris, Ph.D., Robert T. Moran, Ph.D., Sarah V. Moran, M.A. Managing Cultural Diversity in Technical Professions Lionel Laroche, Ph.D Uniting North American Business—NAFTA Best Practices Jeffrey D. Abbot and Robert T. Moran, Ph.D. Eurodiversity: A Business Guide to Managing Differences George Simons, D.M. Global Strategic Planning: Cultural Perspectives for Profit and Non-Profit Organizations Marios I. Katsioulodes Ph.D. Competing Globally: Mastering Cross-Cultural Management and Negotiations Farid Elashmawi, Ph.D. Succeeding in Business in Eastern and Central Europe—A Guide to Cultures, Markets, and Practices Woodrow H. Sears, Ed.D. and Audrone Tamulionyte-Lentz, M.S. Intercultural Services: A Worldwide Buyer’s Guide and Sourcebook Gary M. Wederspahn, M.A. SIXTH EDITION MANAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES GLOBAL LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES ST FOR THE 21 CENTURY 25TH ANNIVERSARY EDITION PHILIP R. HARRIS, PH.D. ROBERT T. MORAN, PH.D. SARAH V. MORAN, M.A. JUDITH SOCCORSY Editorial Coordinator Elsevier Butterworth–Heinemann 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2004, Philip R. Harris, Robert T. Moran, Sarah V. Moran. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a...
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