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LAGOS STATE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ANNUAL EDUCATION SECTOR PERFORMANCE REPORT 2010

June 2010

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Contents Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ iii Introduction – Purpose of the Report ....................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 – Performance assessment framework .................................................................... 3 Education Sector Plan 2009‐2018 ......................................................................................... 3 Data on the education system............................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2 – Inputs ..................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 3 – Processes ............................................................................................................... 9 Policy and strategy ................................................................................................................ 9 Public service reform and organisational development ..................................................... 15 Chapter 4 – Outputs ................................................................................................................ 18 Facilities ............................................................................................................................... 18 Textbooks and teaching‐learning materials ........................................................................ 19 Teachers .............................................................................................................................. 20 Other outputs ...................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 5 – Outcomes ............................................................................................................. 23 Participation ........................................................................................................................ 23 Access and equity ................................................................................................................ 23 Internal efficiency ................................................................................................................ 24 Learning ............................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 6 – Implications .......................................................................................................... 25 Annex A – MTSS monitoring indicators ................................................................................... 27 Annex B – Population assumptions ......................................................................................... 29

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Abbreviations
ASC ASR CWIQ ECCE ECCDE EFA EMIS ENSUBEB ESP ESOP ETF FTS GER JSC JSS LGA LGEA MDA MOEST MoU MTSS NBS NCE NER PPSMB PRS PRY SAME SB SBMC SESP SMOE SSC SSS STVMB UBE Annual School Census Annual Sector Review Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Early Child Care Education Early Child Care Development Education Education for All Education Management Information System Enugu State Universal Basic Education Board Education Strategic Plan Education Sector Operational Plan Education Trust Fund Federal Teacher Scheme Gross Enrolment Rate Junior Secondary Certificate Junior Secondary School Local Government Authority Local Government Education Authority Ministries, Departments and Agencies Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Memorandum of Understanding Medium Term Sector Strategy National Bureau of Statistics National Council on Education Net Enrolment Rate Post Primary School Management Board Policy, Research and Statistics (Department) Primary State Agency for Mass Education Scholarship Board School Based Management Committee State Education Sector Programme State Ministry of Education Senior School Certificate Senior Secondary School State Technical and Vocational Management Board Universal Basic Education

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Introduction – Purpose of the Report 1. Lagos State has completed its Education Sector Plan (ESP), a long‐term strategic document which guides the education sector reform agenda, and its Medium‐Term Sector Strategy (MTSS), a medium‐term operational document, which links the ESP with the budget process. 2. In its ESP and the MTSS, Lagos State has committed to an annual sector review process: “A Joint Annual Sector Review of education sector progress will be held, comprising an evaluation of the progress of sector performance against the ESP targets and indicators, and ESOP programmes/activities. The first Joint Annual Sector Review was undertaken in 2009” (ESP Section 8.1). 3. Chapter 8 of the ESP outlines the basic characteristics of the review process: • The review should be considered as a regular feature of the annual budget calendar aimed to assist budget planning: “The Annual Sector Review (ASR) will be scheduled to ensure school year performance assessment and to complement the budgetary cycle so that informed decisions can be taken prior to budget preparation. Likewise the review will take place prior to revision of the rolling work Education Sector Operational Plan”. • The focus of the review will be a government report on the state of education led by the Planning, Research and Statistics Department in the State Ministry of Education (SMOE): “SMOE through the monitoring and evaluation function in PRS, will produce a comprehensive Annual Education Sector Performance Report, including assessment of progress towards meeting indicators and targets, and implementation of ESOP. The report will include lessons learned and recommendations as a basis for discussions during the ASR”. • The report will focus on results: “The purpose of the review process is to ensure that there are effective returns on the investments being made in the education sector and that the intended beneficiaries (children, students, parents and all other stakeholders) are indeed benefiting”. • The review is meaningful only as an open and public exercise: “The process of accountability, to which the SMOE is committed, dictates that there should be a regular review of education sector performance. This review will be conducted by SMOE and by its internal and external partners and stakeholders” (ESP Section 8.3). 4. This purpose of this report is to complement the annual planning and budget process: • It is a vital input to the budget planning stage: as a brief education sector analysis, it takes stock of objectives and targets and identifies the priorities that the budget will need to address. • It is an output of the accounting and reporting stage, which – through information on expenditure and results – enhances transparency for the benefit of all stakeholders. 1

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

5. More specifically, the key questions asked in this report are: • • • • 6. The information presented in this report is organised from a results‐based management perspective: indicators describe resources used and measures taken (inputs and activities; e.g. teacher training reforms) in order to produce short‐ to medium‐term results (outputs; e.g. teacher quality), which in their turn are believed to be key stepping stones to achieve medium‐ to long‐term results for the beneficiaries (outcomes and impact; e.g. learning outcomes). The analysis focuses on what factors influence the relationships between inputs and results. Evidence on whether or not outcomes are achieved and why should provide the planner with a reasonable basis to adjust activities and policies.

What is the evidence on key education outputs and outcomes, with particular reference to the indicators specified in the planning and budget documents? Are observed trends consistent with expectations in the light of current policies? What does the evidence suggest about changes that should be made to these policies? Are there any data gaps and, if so, what additional data should be collected and how can ongoing processes be improved?

RESULTS

Inputs Short‐term

Activities / Processes / Systems

Outputs

Outcomes

Impact

Timeline

Long‐term

7. Since the aim of the report is to inform the planning process, its structure tries to link programme implementation (inputs‐activities‐outputs) with sector performance (outcomes‐ impact) through the use of sector performance information and statistics: • • • • • • Chapter 1 determines the key expected results, based on the ESP and the MTSS Chapter 2 discusses the progress on expenditure Chapter 3 discusses the education sector systems and processes Chapter 4 presents the evidence on outputs Chapter 5 presents the evidence on outcomes and impact Chapter 6 presents key findings that can be used for strategic planning purposes

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Chapter 1 – Performance assessment framework
Education Sector Plan 2009‐2018
8. The Lagos Education Strategic Plan (ESP) provides an overview of education sector policies, objectives, targets and strategies for the period 2009 to 2018. The ESP is structured around five key priority areas: • Access and equity • Expand classroom physical facilities to improve teaching‐learning atmosphere Make schools fully functional through libraries, toilets, furniture etc Improve the mechanism for the supervision of private schools Improve completion ratio by addressing issues of retention Institute school development grants and conditional cash transfers

Quality assurance system Establish a framework for monitoring learning achievement Reduce the rate of failure through quality teaching, supported by quality teachers, quality facilities and quality school environment Reform the Inspectorate by establishing whole school evaluation



Curriculum relevance Enhance status and attractiveness of Vocational Education Become an integral part of general education from JSS1 to SS3 Produce more students who are well‐informed and innovative Orient graduates towards the world of work focusing on employable skills Introduce life‐long learning and prepare for responsible citizenship Build entrepreneurial skills to create wealth and alleviate poverty Respond to needs of people from the youth to the poor and adult learner



Policy, planning and management Fully roll‐out EMIS (LASGEMS) Streamline institutions/departments/units to eliminate overlaps of functions Establish a policy formulating technical committee Institutionalise an M&E Framework at the SMoE/District/LGEA level



Education finance Increase funding Strengthen effective utilization of funds Strengthen planning and resource management by improving the MTSS process Improve budget outcome through a performance management system Increase parental and community involvement in the management of schools Explore the increased delegation of financial management to schools for the use of UBE intervention funds 3

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Medium Term Sector Strategy 2010‐2012 9. The MTSS document is centred on five major goals: • Early childhood care and development education • Support, raise public awareness, and increase access to ECCDE Improve ECCDE in public primary schools

Basic education Improve quality of basic education and vocational schools Increase access to basic education and vocational schools Provide non‐formal education for adults Enhance planning, management and infrastructure for administration Enhance implementation of national curriculum and co‐curricular activities



Secondary education Make senior secondary education more accessible and conducive Enhance monitoring and evaluation across senior secondary education , including the development and use of research and statistical data Enhance implementation of national curriculum and co‐curricular activities Enhance planning, management and infrastructure for administration



Technical and vocation education Improve standard of performance of students & teachers in all TVE institutions Enhance access to technical and vocational education Promote good governance Increase internally generated revenue (e.g. through alumni associations) Enhance physical environment of tertiary institutions and improve infrastructure Improve the professional competencies of teaching and non‐teaching staff Broaden access for Lagos State indigenes in particular and residents in general



Tertiary education -

Data on the education system
10. There are two types of information for reporting progress against the above objectives: (i) Qualitative information based on reports provided by education MDAs (Chapter 3) • • • • •

(ii) Quantitative information from the following sources (Chapters 2, 4 and 5): Report of Accountant General with financial statements for 2008, 2009 and 2010 State Universal Basic Education Board Budget Report 2009 Public expenditure records (SMOE, Districts and tertiary institutions) Annual School Census 2009‐2010 Selected household surveys, such as the 2006 Core Welfare Indicators Survey (NBS/World Bank) and the 2007 Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey (NBS/UNICEF)

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Chapter 2 – Inputs 11. This chapter describes the resources allocated (by the State and Federal governments), released and utilised in the education sector. 12. The state expenditure on education as proportion of total state expenditure decreased from 13% in 2008 to 12% in 2009. While the share of recurrent expenditure increased from 21.2% in 2008 to 22.6% in 2009, the share of capital account increased by over 1.5 percentage points between 2008 and 2009. Table 2.1 Lagos State expenditure and expenditure on education sector (in million Naira) Total State expenditure 2008 2009 Recurrent 125,581 120,565 Capital 161,021 177,771 State expenditure on education Recurrent 26,646 27,297 Capital 10,544 8,887 State expenditure on education as percentage of total State expenditure (%) Recurrent 21 23 Capital 7 5

13. In 2009, total actual expenditure on education sector was 71% of the total approved budget for education. The biggest difference was in capital expenditure account where only 51% of approved budget was actually spent compared to recurrent expenditure account where almost 81% of the approved budget was actually spent. Figure 2.1 Lagos State budget and expenditure for education sector

14. The share of pre‐primary and primary education in total public expenditure on education was 32% in 2009, while the share of secondary and tertiary education was 44% and 20%, respectively. The share of pre‐primary and primary education, secondary and tertiary education in total recurrent expenditure on education was 35%, 38% and 22%, respectively. 5

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Table 2.2 Recurrent budget and expenditure by type and level, including LGA allocation Level Primary, incl. pre‐ primary Secondary, incl. technical and vocational Tertiary Central administration Other programmes Total Personnel
13,759,600,065

2008 Overheads
1,087,249,182

2009 Total
14,846,849,247

Personnel
13,664,666,899

Overhead
695,400,000

Total
14,360,066,899

20,118,476,786

658,920,000

20,777,396,786

15,047,542,170

549,403,417

15,596,945,587

5,502,929,032 460,953,727

4,060,635,596 1,521,984,455

9,563,564,628 1,982,938,182

5,452,876,898 415,313,925

3,616,219,042 1,288,601,964

9,069,095,940 1,703,915,889

121,025,558 39,962,985,168

69,270,500 7,398,059,733

190,296,058 47,361,044,901

105,738,365 34,686,138,257

62,638,605 6,212,263,028

168,376,970 40,898,401,285

Table 2.3 Recurrent expenditure by LGEA, 2009 (in million Naira)

Personnel 1 935,811,433 878,290,930 988,952,623 437,511,259 411,341,280 604,018,467 575,459,647 351,502,182 231,416,138 525,910,892 606,722,388 831,577,208 966,882,578 488,690,397 687,940,253 1,057,472,068 604,724,343 794,233,938 810,367,729 812,933,625 13,601,759,379
2

Overheads 2 14,376,000 20,040,000 18,600,000 15,144,000 10,843,200 15,705,600 21,916,800 15,156,000 12,868,800 10,603,200 12,883,200 19,723,200 15,163,200 13,257,600 17,097,600 21,312,000 15,103,200 20,433,600 14,078,400 21,772,800 326,078,400

Total 950,187,433 898,330,930 1,007,552,623 452,655,259 422,184,480 619,724,067 597,376,447 366,658,182 244,284,938 536,514,092 619,605,588 851,300,408 982,045,778 501,947,997 705,037,853 1,078,784,068 619,827,543 814,667,538 824,446,129 834,706,425 13,927,837,779

AGEGE AJEROMI IFELODUN ALIMOSHO AMUWO ODOFIN APAPA BADAGRY EPE ETI‐OSA IBEJU‐LEKKI IFAKO‐IJAIYE IKEJA IKORODU KOSOFE LAGOS‐ISLAND LAGOS‐MAINLAND MUSHIN OJO OSHODI‐ISOLO SHOMOLU SURULERE TOTAL
1

Local Government allocation to LGEA ; SUBEB allocation to LGEA

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

15. Total education expenditure per annum was N 36,553 per primary education pupil (including pre‐primary) and N 37,898 per secondary education pupil. 16. The contribution of local governments to meeting the staffing costs of primary schools accounted for 33% of total recurrent expenditure on education in 2009. 17. The share of pre‐primary and primary education in total capital expenditure on education was 15% in 2009, 71% in secondary education and 12% in tertiary education, respectively. Table 2.4 Capital account budget and expenditure by levels of education
Levels Pre‐primary & primary Secondary Tertiary Cross‐cutting Other Programmes Total LGA resources Budget 2,807,848,030 10,789,651,970 3,125,201,007 503,600,000 115,000,000 17,341,301,007 Not available Expenditure 1,320,314,380 6,338,264,275 1,063,066,660 90,675,132 74,250,932 8,886,571,379 Not available

18. The following capital budget and expenditure data were not available by LGA: UBE Intervention Fund budget and expenditure Local government and any other capital expenditure 19. In 2009, SUBEB received funds against 2006 and 2007 plans however only plans for 2006 were implemented. In total, N 1,153,979,727 was spent against 2006 plans in 2009. Table 2.6 UBE Intervention Fund budget and expenditure Infra‐structure

Budget
Instruction materials / furniture 8,452,703 101,432,432 59,168,919 169,054,054 Teacher training 8,452,703 101,432,432 59,168,919 169,054,054

Expenditure
Instruction materials / furniture 8,654,848 103,858,175 60,583,936 173,096,959 Teacher training 8,654,848 103,858,175 60,583,936 173,096,959

Infra‐structure 40,389,290 484,671,485 282,725,033 807,785,809

Pre‐primary Primary Junior secondary Total

39,445,946 473,351,350 276,121,621 788,918,917

20. Apart from UBE‐IF, Lagos State also spent N 321 million in 2009 on ETF projects. Actual expenditure was 90% of the budgeted amount in 2009.

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Table 2.7 ETF budget and expenditure (in Naira) MOE SUBEB Tertiary institutions Budget 122,000,000 236,000,000 0 Expenditure 122,000,000 198,980,000 0

21. The Accountant General’s report, which is produced annually, captures information on budget and expenditure by MDAs. It however does not provide breakdown of budget and expenditure for the parastatals. Apart from that, Lagos SUBEB produces an annual budget report which contains information not only on State but also on Federal funds like ETF and UBE‐IF. 22. The most important gap in terms of education sector financial information relates to revenue and particularly capital budget and expenditure by local governments. There is need to improve the mechanism by which this information is captured and reported.

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Chapter 3 – Processes 23. This chapter describes the main changes in governance and management that were undertaken to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of education service delivery.

Policy and strategy
Planning and management Full roll‐out of Lagos State Government Education Management System (LASGEMS) 24. In order to ensure effective planning and management of primary and secondary education in Lagos State, a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed in 2009 between Lagos State Government and Applied Services Limited (APPSERV), with necessary inputs from the Ministry of Justice. Additionally, the outstanding payment of N179m was paid to LASGEMS and a 3 day workshop was organised for high level policy makers to familiarise them on the web application of LASGEMS. In 2010, the balance of N90m due to LASGEMS will be cleared, and training workshops will be carried out for 318 public school managers on the LASGEMS web application, online registration of 56,348 SSCE students will be carried out and the same training will be provided to 8,000 private school managers. It is expected that the data on private schools in Lagos state will be released after clearing the outstanding payment to LASGEMS. Institutionalisation of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework at SMoE/District/LGEA level 25. An effective M&E framework is important for good policy making and for regularisation and standardisation of the operations of the MDAs. In 2009, inspectorate headquarters and officers in education districts made use of existing M&E instruments, which still require improvement and development. In 2010, a uniform M&E framework for all MDAs will be finalised and approved for institutionalisation. Pre‐primary education policy Improved access to ECCDE 26. In order to improve participation at the ECCDE level, the State government has extended its policy of free education to include this level. In 2009, in order to improve the attractiveness and quality of ECCDE, SUBEB: • • • • supplied necessary teaching and learning materials such as toys and audio materials supplied plastic desks and chairs for pupils refurbished the relevant infrastructure established two model ECCDE schools to improve performance and to sensitise and encourage the participation of the private sector and philanthropists to support efforts at this level

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

• •

organised regular workshops and seminars for ECCDE teachers organised road shows and TV and radio advertisements to increase public awareness

27. All the activities for 2009 outlined above will be further pursued in 2010. Basic education policy Expansion of classroom infrastructure to improve the teaching‐learning environment in schools 28. The quality of infrastructure is important for effective teaching and learning in schools. Hence, in 2009, a sum of N1.769 billion was approved for the construction/renovation of 37 blocks of classrooms, provision of furniture and general maintenance. An additional 31 blocks of classrooms were also scheduled for construction at the rate of N83m per block and another set of 6 blocks of classrooms to be renovated at the rate of N16m per block. However, due to poor performance of contracting firms none of these projects could be completed in 2009. Consequently, the priority for 2010 is to complete all ongoing projects, for which a sum of N536m has been approved. Instituting School Development Grants and Conditional Cash Transfers to address equity issues 29. The Lagos Eko Secondary Education Project (Eko Project) is a partnership between the Lagos State Government and the World Bank. The emphasis of this four year project is on enhancing the educational performance of public school students. The project complements the State Government’s efforts to improving the overall quality of education in Lagos State. Through this project, the State government is re‐energizing secondary schools by providing extra funds of between N2‐3.5million directly to each of the 620 junior and senior secondary schools including the State Technical Colleges. These funds are to augment what the schools currently receive. The funds will: • • • • • 30. A new standardized assessment has been introduced to continuously monitor school performance. Performance rewards would be provided to schools with increased aggregate % score in English, Mathematics and Sciences. enable schools to meet their particular needs towards enhancing students’ performance facilitate effective teaching and learning as close attention and support will be provided to teachers’ development empower public junior and senior secondary school leaders to take responsibility for what goes on in schools bring a sense of accountability across the education sector for the performance of students facilitate public private partnership in the State technical colleges to ensure they are relevant to the world of work and entrepreneurship

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

31. A number of measures have been put in place to ensure that schools judiciously utilize their funds. For example, funds are made available to schools based on approved School Improvement Plan; there is a closer link between the schools and Education Districts through Zonal Project Administrators with the responsibility of managing & monitoring a cluster of about 8 ‐10 schools. Apart from increased students’ performance, each school will also be measured against indicators such as teachers’ attendance, community participation in schools, data collection and management and teachers participation in training. 32. Teachers development, continuous professional development and strengthen the capacity of the Education Districts are also major components of the project. Under the project, a Volunteer Teachers Scheme is being developed to further support teaching of core subjects in schools. Over 1,200 volunteer teachers have applied to be interviewed for the scheme. Secondary education policy Make senior secondary education more accessible and conducive 33. To make senior secondary education more accessible and the learning environment more conducive for students and teachers in Lagos State public schools, the government constructed a total of 20 new school buildings and renovated 165 existing schools in 2009. Also, eight new libraries have been constructed, over 166,000 tables, desks and chairs were ordered for students and teacher and free textbooks in core subjects have been distributed to students in senior secondary schools. In 2010, 126 new classrooms will be constructed, 526 classrooms will be renovated and all senior secondary schools will be provided with more functional laboratories and well‐equipped libraries. Enhance the implementation of the national curriculum in senior secondary schools 34. To enhance the implementation of the national curriculum as recommended by the National Council on Education, Lagos State Government reviewed the curriculum to produce the schemes of work. In 2009, the JSS 2 curriculum was reviewed and the schemes of work developed for 18 subjects which were printed and distributed to all public Junior Secondary Schools and made available to Private Schools. Also, a series of seminars/workshops were organized for teachers on the effective implementation of the new curriculum. In 2010, assessment of teachers in the use of the curriculum and schemes of work will be conducted. Also, there will be constant monitoring of teachers by the Quality Assurance Department in collaboration with the Curriculum Services Department to evaluate the use of schemes developed by the government. The curriculum for JSS3 will also be reviewed in 2010, and the schemes will be distributed to schools for the 2010/2011 Academic Session. Technical and vocational education policy Improve standard of performance of students and teachers in all TVE institutions 35. In order to improve the practical skills of the students, the State Government in 2009: • spent over N10m on practical learning materials;

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

• • •

free textbooks were distributed to 5000 students on English, mathematics, computer science, economics and biology; over N1m was spent on the supervision of students’ industrial attachments 60 teaching staff and 15 management staff of technical colleges were trained in professional development.

36. It is planned that in 2010, 80 more teachers will be trained on new pedagogies of technology and techniques of teaching and learning; and additional funds will be allocated for the purchase of materials for practicals and the supervision of the students’ industrial attachment programme. Enhance access to technical and vocational education (TVE) 37. In 2009, the under listed were implemented to enhance access to TVE: • • • a number of dilapidated buildings were renovated about 2500 sets of furniture were supplied to all five technical colleges 7 technical workshops and 9 laboratories were renovated and equipped

38. For 2010, it is proposed that a TVE forum will be organised to raise awareness amongst stakeholders on the importance of TVE. A system of career guidance will be introduced to link students to the world of work. Enhance status and attractiveness of technical and vocational education 39. TVE is important to the economic development of the State. However, despite efforts to attract both students and teachers to TVE, it has remained unpopular. To make TVE more acceptable, the following measures were undertaken in 2009: • • policy of exempting students from payment for examination fees was sustained; 20 TVE teachers were sent to London for training as part of an exchange programme

40. In 2010, in order to attract teachers, it is proposed that there should be: • • • an attractive salary structure a welfare package for teachers which includes a hazard allowance, car loan provision of scholarships for students enrolled in TVE

Making TVE an integral part of general education from SS1 to SS3 41. The purpose of integrating vocational education into general education at the secondary level is to enhance future career opportunities for students. The National Council on Education (NCE) has taken steps to make vocational education an integral part of general education from SS1 to SS3 as from 2011. In 2009, the Bill for the establishment of TVE was signed into law; the schemes of work for 35 trade subjects for senior secondary schools were reviewed. 42. In 2010, the Board for TVE was inaugurated. 12

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Curriculum emphasis on acquisition of employment‐friendly skills to create wealth 43. To tackle the problem of unemployment in Nigeria, NBTE developed a curriculum and accompanying teacher’s guides to be used in technical colleges and polytechnics. In late 2009, the Curriculum Services Department received the schemes of work from NERDC to review 35 trade subjects for senior secondary schools in the state. In 2010, the review was carried out by teachers from technical schools in the State under the supervision of officers from the Curriculum Services Department. The findings of this review have been forwarded to the Federal Ministry of Education for approval and usage. It is planned that once approval is granted, the State government will implement the schemes for these 35 trade subjects from September 2011. Additionally fifteen skills acquisition centres were established by WAPA (Ministry of Women Affairs and Poverty Alleviation). Tertiary education policy Strengthen institutions' financial base by increasing internally generated revenue (IGR) 44. In 2009, to meet increasing expenditure, the tertiary institutions in Lagos State were engaged in activities to increase their IGR base which hitherto remains quite low. There are plans in 2010 to raise the IGR base through: • • • • • • • Enhance the physical environment and infrastructure of tertiary institutions 45. The State Government provided capital grants in 2009 for the physical development of tertiary institutions, although the release of these funds was delayed. In 2010, institutions will use capital grants from the government to carry out infrastructural development, beautification, perimeter fencing and proper landscaping of the institutions. Also, the private sector is being involved in the provision of additional infrastructure. Improve quality of instruction and professional competency of teaching and non‐teaching staff 46. As part of institutional efforts towards meeting the minimum standards prescribed by agencies (NUC, NCCE and NBTE), most of the teaching and non‐teaching staff have undergone staff development programmes in 2009. It is planned that in 2010 regular staff development programmes will be made a policy issue. Also, there will be a review of curricula in order to align these with the needs and demands of employers. introduction of administrative charges exploring consultancy services embarking on an Endowment Fund drive holding exhibitions exploring opportunities for foreign and local research grants outreach programmes (sandwich, part time etc.) encouraging alumni associations to contribute more effectively

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

To increase the level of intakes and broaden access for Lagos State indigenes in particular 47. The admission policy of the various tertiary institutions in Lagos State was reviewed in 2009 to create more access for Lagos State indigenes. However, for institutions located in suburban areas, the implementation of this policy could not be fully achieved. It is planned that in 2010, a special admissions drive and mobilisation will be pursued. Adult literacy policy Provide non‐formal education for adults 48. The aim of the Agency for Mass Education (AME) is to eradicate illiteracy among all Lagosians who have not benefited from a formal education. In 2009 the following activities were undertaken: • An adult learners’ competition was held in the subjects of English, Yoruba and Arithmetic as well as in current affairs to evaluate verbal and the numerical capabilities of the over 500 learners who took part. • A literacy‐by‐radio programme (Cuba initiative) was introduced. The programme continues to be aired on EKO NIF twice a week. Over 3000 radio sets were purchased for distribution to learners of the programme state wide. • • • • • 49. For 2010, it is planned: • To reach more of the illiterate population, mobilisation and sensitisation exercises will be carried out in rural communities in 5 LGAs (Badagry, Epe, Ibeju‐Lekki, Ikorodu, Alimosho) • • • Private education policy Improve mechanisms for private school supervision 50. In order to ensure that all private providers comply with regulations for the establishment of schools as laid down by the State, the State Government, in 2009: • reviewed guidelines for establishment of private schools and forwarded them to the Ministry of Justice for legal interpretation 14 Two new literacy centres will be established in each of the 20 LGAs in the state. Radio sets will be distributed to rural communities. 100 more CEScwill be established to cater for out of school children. Five new literacy centres were established. Two more vocational centres were established, catering to graduates of the basic literacy centres, the majority of whom are women. Over 50 continuing education centres (CECs) were established in addition to the existing 484 to cater for out of school boys, girls and adults. Monitoring of all the literacy centres and the CECs was carried out to ensure compliance with regulations. The agency presented over 5000 candidates from CECs for WAEC external examination.

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

• • • • • • •

introduced online registration of private schools in the state. To date 2,550 schools have registered (1750 approved and 800 unapproved) organised a short in‐house seminar on monitoring procedures for officers of the Private Education Department monitored 1,420 schools across the six education districts granted approval to 92 schools having met the conditions stated in the guidelines granted special (temporary) permission to 101 schools to encourage registration closed down 8 schools due to various lapses observed during monitoring held 3 meetings with private schools association to update them on the prevailing government position on the operations of private schools in Lagos

51. For 2010, it is planned that the State would: • • • • • • procure at least one more monitoring vehicle to be able to cover at least 3000 schools organise seminars / workshops to equip monitoring officers with necessary skills for improved supervision produce and distribute guidelines on the establishment of schools facilitate the processing of approval applications online allocate neon signboard to approved schools that have maintained standard over the years provide annual award for outstanding schools

Public service reform and organisational development
Organisational development Streamline institutions/departments/units to eliminate overlaps of functions 52. In order to improve the quality of service delivery in the education sector, a process review was carried out through: • Transformation of Inspectorate Department into Quality Assurance Agency: The state has introduced a system of whole school evaluation for effective monitoring and supervision of schools replacing an old system of monitoring which was uncoordinated and conventional. • Transformation of SUBEB through institutional review: SUBEB with support from ESSPIN is conducting an institutional review with a view to streamline the currently widely overlapping functions and responsibilities of departments and units. • Review of administration of junior secondary schools: As there is no clear policy on administration of junior secondary schools, the government is planning to prepare a memorandum of understanding, in 2010, on the sharing of responsibilities between relevant education authorities as regards the administration of JSS.

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Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Establish a policy formulating technical committee 53. In 2009, a policy formulating committee was established under the chairmanship of Her Excellency, the Deputy Governor of Lagos State. In 2010, the committee is expected to meet in order to address salient policy issues on education. Human resource management and development Reduce student failure rates through high quality teaching in high quality school environments 54. In order to reduce the failure rate in the education system, the Education Resource Centre (ERC) has embarked on production and improvisation of instructional materials for primary, junior and senior secondary schools. In 2009 the ERC: • • • • • printed over 800,000 posters and charts that were distributed to public junior and senior secondary schools trained 400 teachers on production and usage of instructional materials trained 25 teachers from private schools on capacity building and production of instructional materials trained teachers for children with special needs from Modupe Cole School organised mobile workshops for riverine areas in Epe and Ibeju –Lekki

55. For 2010, it is planned that the ERC will: • • • • Quality assurance Establish a framework for monitoring learning achievement and measuring learning outcomes 56. In 2009, series of meetings were held to develop criteria for Monitoring Learning Achievement and outcomes. In 2010, the PPR&S and Basic Education departments (Guidance & Counselling Unit) will develop instruments for monitoring learning achievement and measuring learning outcomes. Reform the inspectorate and establish whole school evaluation 57. Whole School Evaluation is a shift from the traditional method of inspection, it involves school self evaluation as well as external evaluation. This has been necessitated by the need to evolve a well coordinated, globally acceptable system of inspection which is diagnostic and more student‐centred and involves all stake holders. In 2009, 39 inspectors were trained by ESSPIN on quality assurance. In 2010, the State intends to extend the in‐house training to the remaining officers and to school administrators. A training schedule has been prepared 16 train 600 teachers from junior secondary schools in all six education districts in Lagos State in self‐production of instructional materials organise state festival of instructional materials which will showcase different instructional materials that are locally made embark on capacity building of teachers in all six districts in Lagos State continue with production of instructional posters and charts for use in secondary schools

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

up to December 2010 and forwarded to the Ministry of Education for information and necessary action. Performance management and accountability Improve budgetary outcome through adopting a performance management system 58. In order to eradicate loopholes in budget implementation, the budget performance needs to be reviewed regularly. Also, the quality of service delivered needs to be examined. In 2009, monthly budget was reviewed to ascertain the level of implementation in all agencies under education sector. In 2010 efforts will be made to ensure better budgetary performance in line with MTSS. It is planned that the Lagos State budget will be activity and performance based to show the detail of activities of different agencies. The present activity based budget will be improved upon with the introduction of the new departmental work plans. Furthermore, each MDA will have an internal budget performance monitoring team which will be responsible and accountable for lapses not identified or reported timely. Increase parental and community involvement in the management of schools 59. The Social Mobilisation Department of SUBEB is responsible for fostering community involvement in school management. In 2009, School Based Management Committees (SBMCs) were established for cluster of schools. PTA executives in 5 COMPASS LGEAs (Ojo, Ikorodu, Eti‐Osa, Alimosho, Oshodi‐Isolo) were trained to enhance their capacity to support and contribute meaningfully to the development of physical infrastructure at the primary school level. Also, efforts were made to engage communities in the development of public schools, and as a result: • • • 60. It is planned that in 2010 guidelines for establishment and functioning of SBMCs will be finalised and put into use. With support from ESSPIN, several CSOs will also be trained who in turn will train members of these SBMCs. Increase delegation of project management to schools 61. In order to reduce SUBEB’s workload and to ensure that the projects are executed speedily and monitored appropriately, it was decided to delegate some responsibilities to the management of LGEAs and schools. At Oregun High School a school hall was donated by Day Star Church. Ikeja Lions Club donated a library at Opebi Primary School. Alhaji Sunmola donated school uniforms to pupils within primary schools in Kosofe LGEA.

17

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Chapter 4 – Outputs
Facilities
Classrooms 62. The total number of classrooms in primary schools in 2009/10 is 11,700 of which there are: 10,694 usable classrooms; 581 classrooms under construction; and 425 unusable classrooms. The total number of usable classrooms in junior secondary schools is 3,670, while the total number of usable classrooms in senior secondary schools is 3,763. 63. Table 4.1 reports on classroom characteristics by LGEA and by level of education. Total classrooms include usable as well as unusable classrooms and classrooms under construction. 64. The average pupil‐classroom ratio is 42 in primary schools, 87 in junior secondary schools and 68 in senior secondary schools. 65. The share of classrooms in need of major repairs is 37% in primary schools, 42% in junior secondary schools and 32% in senior secondary schools 66. In primary schools, the percentage of classrooms with mud/earth floor is 4%, the percentage of classrooms with adequate seating arrangements is 39% and the percentage of classrooms with a good blackboard is 60%. Water and sanitation 67. Table 4.2 reports on the water and sanitation facilities in schools: About 51% of primary schools have a source of potable water. The lowest percentage is found in Apapa LGEA (17%) and the highest percentage in Lagos‐Mainland LGEA (93%). The corresponding percentage is 53% in junior secondary schools and 52% in senior secondary schools. Only 47% of primary schools have at least one functional toilet. The lowest percentage is found in Ajeromi Ifelodun LGEA (23%) and the highest percentage in Ikeja LGEA (87%). The corresponding percentage is 57% in junior secondary schools and 63% in senior secondary schools. On an average there are 58 pupil per functional toilet at the primary level, the corresponding number is 146 and 99 pupil for the junior and senior secondary levels respectively.

18

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Table 4.1 Classrooms in Lagos State schools Pupil‐classroom ratio PRY JSS SSS Share of classrooms in need of major repairs (%) PRY JSS SSS Mud/earth floor (%) 3 4 17 15 0 9 1 1 1 6 7 0 7 4 2 0 5 5 2 3 4 Primary Classrooms with adequate seating (%) 31 37 21 19 36 26 24 58 42 35 59 24 51 71 42 51 21 59 31 50 39 Classrooms with good blackboard (%) 75 56 54 54 63 48 50 57 62 56 74 79 71 70 54 70 45 55 39 60 60

LGEA

AGEGE AJEROMI IFELODUN ALIMOSHO AMUWO ODOFIN APAPA BADAGRY EPE ETI‐OSA IBEJU‐LEKKI IFAKO‐IJAIYE IKEJA IKORODU KOSOFE LAGOS‐ISLAND LAGOS‐MAINLAND MUSHIN OJO OSHODI‐ISOLO SHOMOLU SURULERE TOTAL

36 69 64 37 44 45 31 41 53 42 28 55 44 29 32 32 59 36 30 38 42

105 128 96 63 97 100 45 72 125 89 58 99 103 65 58 68 129 81 123 88 87

73 75 78 46 67 65 40 57 52 63 65 70 94 48 54 62 82 64 79 73 68

24 46 40 50 38 47 36 21 47 44 25 46 39 18 25 39 47 32 46 37 37

42 29 53 38 48 50 58 12 57 6 30 50 32 30 61 59 43 30 57 41 42

19 24 42 20 41 30 38 22 58 17 3 32 16 29 49 66 52 42 6 38 32

Textbooks and teaching‐learning materials
68. There are no figures on the ratio of students per core subject textbook. However, the school census follow up survey will provide an estimate in mid‐2010. Similarly, there are no estimates on the availability of teacher guides per primary school teacher and subject guides per junior secondary school teacher.

19

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Table 4.2 Water and sanitation characteristics in Lagos State schools LGEA AGEGE AJEROMI IFELODUN ALIMOSHO AMUWO ODOFIN APAPA BADAGRY EPE ETI‐OSA IBEJU‐LEKKI IFAKO‐IJAIYE IKEJA IKORODU KOSOFE LAGOS‐ISLAND LAGOS‐MAINLAND MUSHIN OJO OSHODI‐ISOLO SHOMOLU SURULERE TOTAL Percentage of schools with potable water supply PRY 52 42 36 40 17 68 39 41 53 61 83 37 67 50 93 38 37 59 42 68 51 JSS 100 26 62 21 50 62 54 37 56 86 85 59 69 20 46 63 47 44 89 52 53 SSS 63 30 45 28 83 62 54 33 67 71 64 61 69 10 67 92 47 50 75 40 52 Percentage of schools with at least one functional toilet PRY 34 23 28 40 46 32 27 74 58 70 87 42 79 78 65 47 24 52 50 56 47 JSS 50 47 71 53 83 62 38 74 22 71 62 41 77 50 69 56 53 68 44 62 57 SSS 63 70 60 67 83 54 46 73 33 57 73 61 77 90 78 58 40 55 75 70 63 Pupils per functional toilet PRY 46 63 82 60 73 87 49 60 64 103 51 100 68 39 45 34 137 39 50 53 58 JSS 240 110 246 128 224 147 147 95 79 139 130 187 133 67 167 128 149 140 212 121 146 SSS 103 83 195 45 133 109 27 67 41 240 106 164 140 32 116 85 114 131 169 107 99

Teachers
69. The total number of teachers in primary schools in 2009/10 is 13,776 of which: 193 are paid through the Federal Teachers Scheme 13,524 are paid by the LGA 59 are paid by the community / PTA or are volunteers 70. As shown in Table 4.3, 95% of teachers paid by the State and the Federal government have at least the minimum teaching qualification (NCE). As a whole, 95% of primary school teachers have at least the minimum teaching qualifications, while a further 4% have Grade II qualification and 1% have no qualifications. 71. The total number of teachers in 2009/10 in junior secondary schools is 9,481 of which 8,824 are paid by the State and 273 also teach in senior secondary schools. The total number of teachers in 2009/10 in senior secondary schools is 9,799, of which 9,640 are paid by the State. 20

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Table 4.3 Percentage of primary teachers by salary source and teaching qualification Salary source Federal Government Local Government Community / Volunteer Total None 3 1 16 1 2 4 7 4 Teaching qualification Grade II NCE 69 63 70 63 PGDE 6 1 2 1 BEd/MEd 21 32 5 32

72. Table 4.4 reports on teacher characteristics by LGA and by level of education. The average pupil‐teacher ratio is 28 in primary schools, 34 in junior secondary schools and 26 in senior secondary schools. The average pupil‐qualified teacher ratio is 29 in primary schools, 35 in junior secondary schools and 29 in senior secondary schools. In primary schools, the percentage of female teachers is 83%, while the percentage of teachers who attended a training workshop / seminar in 2009 is 37%.

Other outputs
73. The percentage of primary schools with school development plans is 55%. However, there are large differences between LGEAs, as the range varies between 10% in Shomolu LGEA and 96% in Badagry LGEA. 74. There is currently no information on a number of outputs of interest: Incidence of class‐based teaching in primary schools Average instructional hours per school year Share of primary and secondary schools with effective SBMCs and BOGs: while 59% of primary schools claim to have an SBMC, it is unknown how many of these committees can be considered effective; a community survey expected to take place with support from ESSPIN in 2010 will shed light on this issue.

21

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Table 4.4 Teachers in Lagos State schools Pupil‐teacher ratio Pupil‐qualified teacher ratio PRY JSS SSS Primary Female teachers (%) 86 85 92 85 83 64 62 69 48 92 91 77 89 76 85 85 86 89 83 87 83 Teachers who received training (%) 51 25 35 55 40 30 32 61 52 42 64 29 13 64 43 29 37 39 25 26 37

LGEA

PRY

JSS

SSS

AGEGE AJEROMI IFELODUN ALIMOSHO AMUWO ODOFIN APAPA BADAGRY EPE ETI‐OSA IBEJU‐LEKKI IFAKO‐IJAIYE IKEJA IKORODU KOSOFE LAGOS‐ISLAND LAGOS‐MAINLAND MUSHIN OJO OSHODI‐ISOLO SHOMOLU SURULERE AVERAGE

22 36 36 33 28 36 30 39 46 22 18 38 25 21 29 21 34 25 20 22 28

39 73 28 28 49 40 34 38 46 29 20 35 33 40 35 28 44 25 42 42 34

22 46 22 22 32 32 21 32 29 18 18 29 26 30 23 25 32 22 34 34 26

23 37 37 34 29 38 36 42 57 22 19 39 25 23 30 22 35 25 21 23 29

42 76 29 29 53 41 36 40 47 30 20 36 34 42 36 29 45 26 44 44 35

23 52 23 25 35 35 22 40 29 19 20 32 28 35 25 28 33 22 37 38 29

22

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Chapter 5 – Outcomes
Participation
75. Table 5.1 presents public school enrolment levels from according to the school census: • Early childhood care and education. During the school year 2009/10, there are 17,043 and 40,420 children enrolled in public kindergarten and nursery classes, respectively. The share of girls is 50%. • Primary education. During the school year 2009/10, there are 189,033 boys and 198,548 girls enrolled. Compared to 2008/09, public primary education enrolment decreased by 17,258 children (or 4%). The share of girls is 51%. • Junior secondary education. During the school year 2009/10, there are 156,187 boys and 163,996 girls enrolled. Compared to 2008/09, public junior secondary education enrolment decreased by 12,521 children (or 4%). The share of girls is 51%. • Senior secondary education. During the school year 2009/10, there are 125,350 boys and 129,238 girls enrolled. Compared to 2008/09, public senior secondary education enrolment decreased by 2,384 children (or 1%). The share of girls is 51%. Table 5.1 Enrolment in public schools in Lagos State
Level Pre‐primary Primary Junior secondary Senior secondary Male 22,546 197,294 161,918 127,888 2008‐2009 Female 22,386 207,545 170,786 129,084 Total 44,932 404,839 332,704 256,972 Male 20,227 189,033 156,187 125,350 2009‐2010 Female 20,193 198,548 163,996 129,238 Total 40,420 387,581 320,183 254,588

76. The level of enrolment in private schools is not known because the annual school census does not currently cover the private sector. For that reason, it is necessary to resort to surveys, which have the household rather than the school as a unit of measurement: in other words, enumerators visit houses and ask what the education status of all school‐age children members of the household is. Table 5.2 presents gross and net attendance rates, from the most recent survey, the 2007 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). The net enrolment rate is 86% at the primary level and 52% at the junior secondary level. Table 5.2 Gross and net enrolment rate in Lagos State, 2006 (%)
Level Primary Junior secondary Gross enrolment rate 104 95 Net enrolment rate 86 52

Access and equity
77. Intake rate. According to the 2007 MICS, the gross intake rate, which is the total number of new entrants into first grade of primary education, regardless of age, as a percentage of the population of 6‐year old children is 92% for boys and 130% for girls. 23

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

78. Gender parity. According to the 2007 MICS, the overall gender parity index of gross attendance rate is 1.1 at the primary level and is 0.8 at the junior secondary level suggesting a lower transition rate to junior secondary level for girls. 79. Children with special needs. According to the school census, over 2,200 children at the primary level and 800 children at the secondary level have a disability. Table 5.3 Number of children with special needs by type of disability and level
Primary Junior secondary Senior secondary Total Visually impaired M 49 22 43 71 F 27 17 79 44 Total 76 39 122 115 Hearing impaired M 593 66 110 659 F 513 67 55 580 Total 1106 133 165 1239 Physically challenged M 292 92 104 384 F 220 57 63 277 Total 512 149 167 661 Mentally challenged M 342 14 16 356 F 252 16 13 268 Total 594 30 29 624

Internal efficiency
80. The survival rate, in other words the percentage of a cohort enrolled in the Class 1 in a given school year expected to reach a particular class, is 96% to PRY6. 81. The transition rate, in other words the number of pupils admitted to JSS1 in 2009/10 expressed as a percentage of the number of pupils enrolled in the Class 6 in 2008/09 excluding the JSS1 repeaters, is 98%. The transition rate for girls was 3 percentage points lower than for boys. 82. The primary education gross completion rate, in other words the total number of pupils completing Class 6, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of 11 year olds (official primary graduation age), cannot be calculated in the absence of data on primary education graduates. However, if we use enrolment in Class 6 as a proxy, then the primary education gross completion rate was 149% for boys and 159% for girls. 83. Repetition rates are less than 1% at the primary level and the junior secondary level.

Learning
84. There are currently no figures on learning outcomes. It is expected that in June 2010, a random sample of primary schools will participate in a survey to monitor learning achievement in English and mathematics. 85. According to the 2006 CWIQ survey, the adult literacy rate is 90%: the respective rates are 95% for men and 85% for women.

24

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Chapter 6 – Implications 86. On the basis of the evidence presented in the report the following conclusions can be drawn about the state of the education sector in Lagos State: • • • • • • • • • • There is a decrease in the enrolment rate due to establishment of more private schools A quality assurance framework is in progress Teachers and monitoring officers were trained on quality assurance Scheme of work was developed, printed and distributed to all public schools and made available to private schools The percentage of repeaters is low in the state Infrastructure and physical facilities improved extensively with increase in capital expenditure A major intervention in secondary school came through the Lagos Eko project to improve learning outcome The Annual School Census was conducted using enumerators for the first time There is effective utilisation of funds through improved budgeting and planning process Despite the fact that there were several needs to be met, only 51% of the allocated funds on education was actually spent. 87. No measures are yet available for many key targets but these will be forthcoming in 2010, including learning outcomes in schools, teacher quality and instruction materials. 88. The following observations will be used to focus work on the 2011‐13 MTSS. Finance • • • In view of the fact that there are unmet needs at all levels of education, no allocated funds should be left unspent Improve the mechanism by which information on revenue and expenditure by local governments is captured SUBEB plans will be implemented as soon as funds are released

Planning and management • Lagos State school administrators and managers need to be trained for the sustainability of the full roll‐out of EMIS Pre‐primary education • Improve access to pre‐primary education

Basic education • Implement policies to monitor performance of contractors handling construction projects in schools

25

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

• •

Infrastructure interventions (classrooms, water and sanitation) must be targeted to the LGAs with the greatest need Plans for the redeployment of teachers to reduce LGA disparities at all levels of schooling must be developed and implemented

Secondary education • • • Technical and vocational education • • • Tertiary education • • Adult literacy • Private education • • Public service reform and organizational development • • • • • • Transform Inspectorate Division into Quality Assurance Department Establish a clear policy on the administration of junior secondary schools Establish an internal budget performance monitoring team for each MDA Finalise and institutionalise guidelines for the establishment and functioning of SBMCs Empower LGEAs to execute UBE projects in line with government financial regulations Institutionalise the sector performance monitoring function in the PRS Department of SMOE and SUBEB to ensure that this report is produced every year Establish legal guidelines for the establishment of private schools Conduct private schools census Establish more literacy centres in each of the twenty LGAs in the state Encourage private contribution in infrastructural development of institutions Review curricula to make it demand driven More teachers of technical colleges need to be trained on new pedagogies of technology and techniques of teaching and learning Additional funds to be allocated for the purchase of materials for practicals and the supervision of the TVE students’ industrial attachment programme. Introduce a system of career guidance to link students to the world of work More advocacy to increase popularity of TVE and welfare package for TVE teachers Strict implementation of plans for construction and renovation of classrooms, functional laboratories and well‐equipped libraries, targeted towards LGAs with greatest need A follow‐up assessment of teachers on effective implementation of the new JSS2 curriculum to be conducted The curriculum of all remaining levels of secondary education should be reviewed

26

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Annex A – MTSS monitoring indicators This annex presents the 2010‐12 MTSS indicators. It highlights the fact that a large number of indicators are weakly specified because they cannot currently be measured. The 2011‐13 MTSS process needs to ensure that each indicator is relevant and measurable. Table A1.1 MTSS indicators
Early childhood care and development education % Children aged 2‐5 registered for ECCDE % ECCDE centres with satisfactory facilities % ECCDE teachers trained and qualified Number of children taking free meals Basic education % Schools with satisfactory ratings for premises, equipment, facilities Gross intake rate, PRY1 GER, PRY GER, JSS % Schools with active SBMC % Schools with potable water, PRY % Schools with sports facilities, PRY % Students in poorest LGEAs with free meals Number of inspector visits to remote schools Number of adults attending literacy centres % Teachers with ICT qualification Student‐teacher ratio, PRY Student‐core textbook ratio, PRY Student‐computer ratio, PRY % Schools with a functional toilet, PRY Number of complaints about schools Number of qualified administrators Secondary education Transition rate, JSS SSS % Qualified teachers Staff productivity % Students achieving 5 credits at SSCE level % Teachers, principals and students receiving merit awards % Schools with individual SBMCs Number of behavioural disorder incidents Source ASC Inspector’s Report TEPO Survey ASC ASC Household survey Household survey Community Survey ASC ASC QA Bureau TEPO ASC ASC SUBEB SUBEB and TEPO ASC MOE ASC Quarterly reports Baseline … … … … … … 104 95 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … Latest … … … … … … … … … 51 … … … … … 28 … … 47 … … … … … … … … … Target (2012) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

27

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Technical and vocational education Enrolment level in vocational schools Assessment results for five colleges Student access to equipment and computers Student applications to TVE colleges % Qualified teachers & administrators Community/ employer support for TVE % Female enrolment in TVE Tertiary education Number of student disciplinary actions Internally Generated Revenue (million Naira) % Research and consultancy services % Alumni Associations % Tuition % Private sources Premises quality rating % Staff with enhanced qualifications in past three years Number of complaints about performance of tertiary institutions % Students with access to computers % Students with special needs % Students with scholarships % Growth in applications by indigenes % Students in state institutions who are indigenes % Growth in KVA generated from alternative power sources % Students in exchange programmes Number of degree‐awarding institutions in the State

Colleges Inspector reports Colleges Inspector reports Colleges Institutions Institutions Special Projects Unit Institutions Institutions Institutions Institutions Institutions Institutions MOE NUC/MOE

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Performance of students in vocational schools NABTEB

28

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Annex B – Population assumptions 1. The population of Lagos State for 2009 by LGA has been estimated using: • • 2. Sprague multipliers were used to transform the age‐group population figures into single‐year population figures. These were then regrouped according to official Nigerian age groupings by education level: 3‐5 years for pre‐primary education, 6‐11 years for primary education, 12‐14 years for junior secondary education and 15‐17 years for senior secondary education. Figure B1 shows the total figures. 3. Projections by LGA are listed in Table B1 and are based on the assumption that in 2009: • • Figure B1 Lagos State population by age group the share of LGAs would remain the same as in 2006 the share of each education age group would remain the same as in 2006 the 2006 Lagos Population figures: by LGA and by age group the United Nations population growth rate for Nigeria

29

Lagos Annual Education Sector Performance Report, 2010

Table B1 Projected population by LGA
AGEGE AJEROMI IFELODUN ALIMOSHO AMUWO ODOFIN APAPA BADAGRY EPE ETI‐OSA IBEJU‐LEKKI IFAKO‐IJAIYE IKEJA IKORODU KOSOFE LAGOS‐ISLAND LAGOS‐MAINLAND MUSHIN OJO OSHODI‐ISOLO SHOMOLU SURULERE TOTAL Male 71,667 91,914 139,673 38,233 33,625 23,806 19,479 58,443 6,302 48,280 41,760 46,260 67,006 58,659 41,462 86,901 64,485 65,395 65,694 88,708 1,157,750 Age group 6‐11 Female 64,700 98,211 130,742 30,907 35,558 26,634 23,499 72,231 6,890 50,263 44,154 44,829 56,178 54,929 41,821 87,956 59,871 85,521 70,095 79,485 1,164,474 Total 136,673 189,887 270,818 69,453 69,110 50,329 42,816 130,117 13,169 98,473 85,825 91,159 123,648 113,757 83,278 174,834 124,562 150,099 135,622 168,596 2,322,224 Male 31,646 40,587 61,676 16,883 14,848 10,512 8,601 25,807 2,783 21,319 18,440 20,427 29,588 25,902 18,308 38,373 28,475 28,877 29,008 39,171 511,231 Age group 12‐14 Female 30,177 45,807 60,979 14,416 16,584 12,422 10,960 33,689 3,214 23,443 20,594 20,909 26,202 25,619 19,505 41,024 27,924 39,887 32,693 37,073 543,120 Total 62,053 86,214 122,958 31,533 31,378 22,851 19,440 59,077 5,979 44,709 38,967 41,389 56,139 51,648 37,810 79,379 56,554 68,149 61,576 76,547 1,054,350

30

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...0643873 A Rightful Owner of Our Education I Believe the overall argument the author is trying to get across is that many women just expect their teacher and faculty to take them seriously and treat them as they would anyone else, but that we must prove to them we are serious about our education and we are serious about ourselves as responsible, determined students. The three points the author was trying to guide us to is first, that we must take responsibility to ourselves as students, second we must engage and fully participate in the classroom and with our professors, and lastly that we as woman, must demand to be taken seriously so that we can go on taking ourselves seriously. I agree with most of the authors argument made, that we as students must take responsibility for ourselves. Taking responsibility for ourselves is essential for us to succeed. Adrienne Rich stated “Responsibility to yourself means that you don’t fall for shallow and easy solutions—predigested books and ideas, weekends encounters gaureneed to change your life, taking “gut” courses instead of the ones you know will challenge you.” I agree with his statement 100 percent, the courses that challenge you are the courses you will learn the most from. It’s okay if you fail, you just can’t give up and you have to push yourself to work harder. I also agree with the author that we must as students engage with her teachers in an active and ongoing struggle for a real education. I briefly stated that I agree...

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...Education The purpose of this title is to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and state academic assessments. There is growing consensus that the educational system in America is falling short when it comes to preparing our children for the future. As to the method for improving our current system today, the general focus centers upon increased accountability and a need for higher academic standards. Closing and achievement gap between high- and low-performing children, especially the achievement gaps between minority and nonminority students, between disadvantaged children and their more advantaged peers. Improving and strengthening accountability, teaching, and learning by using State assessment systems designed to ensure that students are meeting challenging State academic achievement and content standards and increasing achievement overall, but especially for the disadvantaged Meeting the educational needs of low-achieving children in our Nation's highest-poverty schools, limited English proficient children, migratory children, children with disabilities, Indian children, neglected or delinquent children, and young children in need of reading assistance. Ensuring that high-quality academic assessments, accountability systems, teacher preparation and training, curriculum, and instructional materials are aligned...

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...Achieving Our Potential The majority of individuals recognize that education allows us to analyze, understand and appreciate our environment while giving us the life skills to survive in this globalized world. According to Merriam’s Dictionary, the definition of education is “any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual.” Although most people have similar ideas as to what education is to them, I learned that not everyone’s opinion is comparable. As a student changes over from middle school to high school, they are given more of a voice because they are able to choose classes, although it is only a select amount. Allowing high school students to select a class gives them the opportunity to explore and learn a different subject. Also, students begin to discover their hidden talents. Tied together, required core classes and the classes students may choose from, help expand their prospect. Also, classes join into each other and benefit one another, sparking student interests and understanding of the classes themselves. I wondered what a high school student’s outlook on education would be and senior, Esther Herrera, gave me her opinion. “I am 17 and I think education is extremely important. I will admit that I do not always find school the most fascinating way to spend my time, but it is necessary.” The students begin to define themselves by the subjects and areas they are most interested in and their desire to expand...

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...Education is culture, and different educations show different societies’ culture. Americans regard education as the means by which the inequalities among individuals are to be erased and by which every desirable end is to be achieved. While Chinese education is for foundation education, but students may be not learn much. But all in all, different education systems account for the different phenomenon, because different society backgrounds and different culture helps human create a different country in the world. The different society structure plays an important part in the education system. In China, all those who can enter the University have received an elite education and before enrollment they have devoted themselves to hard studying. Therefore, they are good at getting high marks on mathematics, psychics and so on. However, they are lack of chances to practice skills in real world thus having no social experiences. In that case, after graduation, most students find it difficult to find a satisfactory job though many of them get a job through the relationship net. While in America, the education system pays more attention to social skills than to marks .Students have developed the ability to be independence in life and work. After university, they show great capability of thinking, innovation and creation which make them keep pace with the modern world. They are competent for the challenging work and can gain a good job in America with ease. There is a huge gap...

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...Technological Advancement In Education Education Essay Contents Introduction – Thesis statement: Advances in the technology are very helpful in transforming the way people are educated. From the abacus which made teaching math easy millennia back, to word processor which changed the way research paper are being written and presented. The technological progress of humans has a positive impact on education. Technological change has given shape to education from the very beginning, but with the addition of digital revolution it has popularly increased the speed at which education is transforming. From the past 20 years, there have been changes in technological education that few people ever dreamed. . Many colleges and universities have started offering distance learning programs before the discovery of internet where these programs were difficult to find at that time. Due to this reason, many people who lived in villages and towns lack access to these universities and colleges. There is no doubt that technology has greatly involved in our daily lives and mainly when we are talking about education field. There is almost no escaping from the fact which is produced by the researchers. Education has been widely affected by the integration of technologies as it is a fast way to reach mass number of students. Literature Review – There are basically three main theoretical frameworks presented in the educational technology literature which are Behaviorism, Constructivism and Cognitivism...

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...that the education you are receiving is positive or negative?” First of all, a school system education is easier to determine whether it is positive or negative. How good or bad a school is, is usually decided by two things; history and word of mouth. If the school has good records of alumni, then the next generations of the school are hoped to be as good and if the school has bad records of students, then the other generations of the school are believed to be as bad, even though not everyone is the same way as others. Word of mouth is quite similar. If more than one group of people talk about how good the school is or how bad the school is, a lot of other people will most likely trust the different sources of the same opinion. Another thing that would go into consideration are how the school represents itself and how the teachers teach. A good building of a school means that it consists of good materials to study with and professional teachers mean that the students are learning decently. Therefore, good schools mean good education. For example, I go to school in SPH. Learning materials are provided perfectly in SPH and all the teachers, students, and staffs are supportive in a way that I cannot explain in words. I am a better person every day since I came to the school. The teachers guide me and I don’t see any tension among the students. SPH also brings me to do good things, such as service outside of school to respect others. Apart from that, I think education is also...

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...Education is as important as the air we breathe. It is the most important possession a person must have. Education is beneficial in many aspect of life especially, personal and social it is the only possession that cannot be taken away from you. Education is important because it will open up the windows of opportunities. In this competitive world having a good education is as important as the air we breathe because it is our weapon to conquer the world.  Education will help you grow as an individual because the more knowledge you have the better understanding you will have in any given problem that will come your way. It will give you self satisfaction and will boost your self confidence. As an individual I know it will help me in a lot of aspects in my life. It will give me a financial stability because I will be able to land a good job and a high paying salary. I will learn how to spend my money and will learn how to invest it wisely. The more education I have the more respect and acknowledgement I will get from people. Knowledge is really important that is why we need to take it seriously. It is the strong weapon you can have to conquer this complex world. If you have a good education nobody can fool you and you will not tolerate any mistreatment from people. It will give you a better views in life if you are well educated.  In the social aspect of my life education will give me a better understanding on how to communicate to people effectively. I will understand what is...

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...Introduction: Entering the education field has been a very motivated decision for me. This particular decision is completely based on the former experience I had had all the way to the moment I decided I will connect my future with it. Nowadays, when parents are very busy the workers of the educational field are the people, who teach the young generation what is beautiful and what is ugly, what is right and what is wrong and million other things. Every person some day used to be an ordinary pupil that had teachers. The schooling experience of every person may develop either positive or negative attitude towards education in general. It is a fact of common knowledge that one of the most important parts in the educational process is the teacher. Choosing the education field has to be connected with a “calling” of a person, because it requires a lot of professional and personal qualities and constant self-perfection. My personal experience in school taught me that a teacher could really make a difference in the process of education. A teacher may develop respect to the subject, to the teacher’s personality and to the education in general. A pupil may even see the difference in the manner of explaining and presenting the material teaching the same subject. I discovered this difference when I had a substitute teacher coming to class and making my most hated subject one of the most interesting in the whole school program. I decided that I do want to make children love teaching and...

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..."Education makes people easy to lead but difficult to drive, easy to govern but impossible to enslave" Discuss This is a statement based on the values of education but it refers to one aspect of education, namely, the citizenship value. Education has of course many aims like earning bread and butter, shelter . clothing and a good life. The last concerns man as a member of a society. Except in a dictatorial society, the ordinary citizen is, theoretically at least, equal to every other citizen and enjoys equal rights. This equality enjoins equality of justice and equality of opportunity. No position in the public life can be said to be far from his reach because of his birth or creed provided of course he deserves it by education and qualification. In every enlightened modem government, emphasis is laid on the education of its citizens. Up to a certain age education is made compulsory so that boys and girls get the benefit of it. They get enlightened and they are willing to obey and, given the chance, are ready to rule. Since almost every government in the world is governed by the representatives of the people, these representatives must be educated enough to shoulder the responsibility that falls on them. That is why one British Minister said, `Let us educate our masters' meaning that the people who vote their representatives for the highest legislative body of the country must be educated. Education helps them realize their responsibilities while they appreciate their rights...

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...Education in South Carolina Education in South Carolina public schools has always been a proverbial thorn in the side of the pride of the state. Consistently, the state has ranked near the bottom of rankings in average Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, low salaries for teachers, and curriculums that were at best below satisfactory. The primary reason for such dismal statistics is the lack of funding available to improve educational resources within the state. Furthermore, the inequities between public schools located in more affluent areas and those in poorer school districts created a statewide need for funding to give every child within South Carolina an equal opportunity to obtain a useful education. Several legislative initiatives spurred on by a report from Moody’s, securities from located in Manhattan, attempted these financial imbalances among the various school districts. The findings of the report led to the implementation of The Education Finance Act of 1977 (EFA) by Governor James B. Edwards. Basically, this law required state funds to be divvied out in larger portions to regions that suffered from low income resources. In addition to more funding for education, EFA created programs that improved the proficiency of teachers and required students to pass a basic skills exam before being able to progress and be promoted to the next grade level. Moreover, high school seniors were required to pass an exit exam to receive their high school diplomas. After...

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