...Bloom's Taxonomy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The Bloom's Wheel, according to the Bloom's verbs and matching assessment types. The verbs are intended to be feasible and measurable. Bloom's Taxonomy is a classification of learning objectives within education proposed in 1956 by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom who also edited the first volume of the standard text, Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals[1] (referred to as simply "the Handbook" below). Although named for Bloom, the publication followed a series of conferences from 1949 to 1953, which were designed to improve communication between educators on the design of curricula and examinations.[2][3] It refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives). Bloom's Taxonomy divides educational objectives into three "domains": Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (sometimes loosely described as knowing/head, feeling/heart and doing/hands respectively). Within the domains, learning at the higher levels is dependent on having attained prerequisite knowledge and skills at lower levels.[4] A goal of Bloom's Taxonomy is to motivate educators to focus on all three domains, creating a more holistic form of education.[1] A revised version of the taxonomy was created in 2000.[5][6][7] Bloom's Taxonomy is considered to be a foundational and essential element within the education community...
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...Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 2007, 3(2), 149-156 The Impact of Motivation on Student’s Academic Achievement and Learning Outcomes in Mathematics among Secondary School Students in Nigeria Adedeji Tella Osun State College of Education, Osun State, NIGERIA Received 10 January 2007; accepted 19 April 2007 In our match towards scientific and technological advancement, we need nothing short of good performance in mathematics at all levels of schooling. In an effort to achieve this, this study investigated the impact of motivation on students’ school academic achievement in mathematics in secondary schools using motivation for academic preference scale (α = 0.82) as a measuring instrument and achievement test in mathematics (ATM) Two hypotheses were tested for significant at 0.05 margin of error using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) Results showed that gender difference were significant when impact of motivation on academic achievement was compared in male and female students. Also other result indicates significant difference when extent of motivation was taken as variable of interest on academic achievement in mathematics based on the degree of their motivation. Implications, suggestions and recommendations on students, parents, government, counsellors, educational stakeholders, etc were discussed. Keywords: Motivation, Academic Achievement, Learning Outcome, Mathematics, Secondary School Students, Nigeria INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND In...
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...The Role of Educational Psychology in Teaching Aundrea Riley PSY 6631: Psychological Foundations of Education March 9, 2012 Dabney Hunter McKenzie, Ph.D. Introduction There are many who have wondered about the place of educational psychology in teaching and learning. However, a closer look at the nature and scope of learning and teaching and the essence of educational psychology clearly shows a relationship that can be best described as mutually integral. This means that there can never be effective educational programs outside educational psychology. This paper therefore seeks to establish the lucidity of the interconnection between the two. Background of the Study There have been arguments and counterarguments in favor of, and against the integrating of teaching practices with educational psychology. While proponents of this integration cite the gains that are to be realized from this fusion, opponents maintain that the cost of integrating the two is too high. These opponents maintain that inserting educational psychology disciplines into teaching college education is costly and makes this tertiary level of education laborious. The same group maintains that integrating educational psychology into teaching exercises is a peripheral undertaking and only makes teaching laborious and inundating. Literature review As many experts on education maintain, there are several roles that educational psychology play in training...
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...areas for people to carry adventures and find out new ways of handling issues. The indication here is that during such days people concentrated on building some body of knowledge. There was more concentration towards the development of a certain form of thinking so that people could perceive issues within a certain line of thinking. This therefore means that individuals had to memorize some of these new adventures in order to ensure that they are informed or they are aligned to a certain school of thought. This situation has become the guiding principle in the teaching of mathematics as indicated by the statement. Mathematics lessons do not concentrate on teaching numeracy skills but inculcating certain skills among learners that will help them to coincide with the existing societal demands. Analysis Constructivism theory in teaching of mathematics Constructivism is a theory that gives insight to educational stakeholders on how to manage the learning and teaching process. According to the theory, a learner defines the direction of the learning process. According to Gordon (2009) constructivism suggests that without a learner there will be no form of schooling in the society. These arguments are based on heuristic concept in the teaching and learning process. Gordon (2009) indicates that the heuristic concept is the suggestion that teachers should guide learners in a fact finding mission. The role of the teacher is to create an...
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...BIBLIOGRAPHY A. BOOKS Altares, Priscilla S. et al (2003), Elementary Statistics: A Modern Approach, Quezon City: Rex Book Store Inc. Ardales, Venancio B. (2008), Basic Concepts and Methods in Research, Third Edition, Manila: Educational Publishing House. Bilbao, Purita P. et al (2006), “The Teaching Profession,” Quezon City: Lorimar Pub. Co., Inc. Broto, Antonio S. (2006), Statistics Made Simple, 2nd edition, Mandaluyong City: National Book Store. Bucher, Katherine T. (2003), Classroom Management, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. David, Fely P. (2002), “Understanding and Doing Research: A Handbook for Beginners,” Iloilo City: Panorama Printing Inc. Eggen, Paul D. & Kauchak, Donald P. (2001), “Educational Psychology: Windows on Classrooms,” New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. Fox, Richard (2005), Teaching and Learning, USA: Blackwell Publishing. Guskey, Thomas R. (2000), “Evaluating Professional Development,” Los Angeles: Cowin Press, Inc. Huetinck, Linda & Munshin, Sara N. (2000), “Teaching Mathematics for the 21st Century,” New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. Kauchak, Donald P. & Eggen, Paul D. (2003), “Learning and Teaching: Research Based Methods,” 4th edition, USA: Pearson Education, Inc. Kothari, C.R. (2005), Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, Second edition, New Delhi: New Age International Publishers. Moore, Kenneth D. (2001), “Classroom Teaching Skills,” 5th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. Ornstein, Allan C...
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...Language Center, The Netherlands Prof. dr. Ludo Verhoeven, National Language Center, The Netherlands Dr. Mienke Droop, National Language Center, The Netherlands Abstract The purpose of this study was to construct a longitudinal model that predicts reading literacy at the end of primary school. The data of 822 students who participated on a combined PRIMA and PIRLS 2001 study and PRIMA 2003 study were analyzed. The following student variables were considered for the model predicting Reading Literacy in grade 6: Nonverbal Intelligence, Home Reading Resources, Decoding, Language Comprehension, Mathematics, Reading Motivation, Academic Self-confidence and Reading Literacy in grade 4. The fit of the model was found to be good. The model explained 62% of the variance in Reading Literacy in Grade 6. The three school-learned skills that were entered in the model; Language, Decoding and Mathematics have proven to be important predictors for reading literacy. With respect to the two variables measuring attitudes, Reading Motivation and Academic Self-Confidence, it can be concluded that they contributed, either direct or indirect, to the prediction of reading literacy in grade 6, although they explained only a small part of the variance. Introduction For a student to become a successful and productive adult in society, good reading skills are essential. To refer to the demands for literacy in today’s society the term reading literacy was introduced; “the ability to understand and use those...
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...behavior, personal factors, and factors in the environment (Institute for Dynamic Educational Advance). Factors for social cognitive theory are based on a social or physical environment. Social environments encompass friends, colleagues, and family. Physical environments could run the gamut as vast as a particular food, securing a room size, room temperature, consideration of classroom setting, or an e-learning classroom online. The social cognitive theory explains the process functions of humans and aspects of emotional behaviors. In understanding these behaviors, the process of understanding behavioral change becomes clearer. According to Burney (2008), this cognitive process provides a backdrop for humans to observe their environment and others, using the information gathered to self-regulate their functions. Bandura introduced self-efficacy as the center of social cognitive theory. As one of the most studied topics in psychology, self-efficacy is one’s own belief in their outcome on succeeding in any given situation, based on a person’s belief system of thinking, feeling, and the person’s response or behavior (University of Twente, 2010). As populations have become more diverse, the global educational area has grown to encompass more students that are technology-rich (Gunter, 2007). As institutions of higher learning seek additional ways to provide and improve upon existing educational offerings, social cognitive theory is used as a means to improving learning and...
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...creative writing processes in a second language. Educational Psychology,23, 209–222. Ackerman, P. L., Beier, M. E., y Boyle, M. D. (2002). Individual differences in working memory within a nomological network of cognitive and perceptual speed abilities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 131(4), 567-589. Ackerman, P., Beier, M.E., & Boyle, M.O. (2005). Working memory and intelligence: the same or different constructs? Psychological Bulletin, 131(1),30-60. Alameda & Cuetos, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001 Alameda, J. R. y Cuetos, F. (1995). Diccionario de frecuencia de las unidades lingüísticas del castellano. Oviedo: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de Oviedo. Alameda, J. R. & Cuetos, F. (1996). Índices de frecuencia y vecindad ortográfica para un corpus de palabras de cuatro letras. Revista Electrónica de Metodología Aplicada, 1, 10-29. En http://www.uniovi.es/~Psi/REMA/ (junio de 2001). Alameda, J. R. (1997). Base de datos de no-palabras de cuatro letras para su uso en tareas experimentales de decisión léxica. Revista Electrónica de Metodología Aplicada, 2, 1-49. En http://www.uniovi.es/~Psi/REMA/ (junio de 2001). Alameda, J. R. & Cuetos, F. (2001). Índices de frecuencia y vecindad para palabras de cinco letras. Revista Electrónica de Metodología Aplicada, 6 (2). En http://www.uniovi.es/~Psi/REMA. Alloway, 2006 Alloway TP (2006).How does working memory work in the classroom? Educational Research and Reviews Vol. 1 (4), pp. 134-139...
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...Knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits of a group of people are transferred to other people, through storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves in a process called autodidactic learning. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. Education is commonly and formally divided into stages such as preschool, primary school, secondary school and then college, university or apprenticeship. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy. A right to education has been recognized by some governments. At the global level, Article 13 of the United Nations' 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognizes the right of everyone to an education. Although education is compulsory in most places up to a certain age, attendance at school often isn't, and a minority of parents choose home-schooling, sometimes with the assistance of modern electronic educational technology . Education can take place in formal or informal settings. Etymology Etymologically, the word "education" is derived from the Latin ēducātiō from ēdūcō which is related to the homonym ēdūcō from ē- and dūcō . History Education began in prehistory, as adults trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In pre-literate societies this was achieved orally and...
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...regulatory mechanisms that ensure satisfactory levels of quality in the functioning of higher education institutions, there have been criticisms that the country has permitted the mushrooming of institutions of higher education with fancy programme and substandard facilities and consequent dilution of standards.To address the issues of deterioration in quality, the National Policy on Education (1986) and the Plan of Action (POA-1992) that spelt out the strategic plans for the policies, advocated the establishment of an independent national accreditation body. Consequently, the NAAC was established in 1994 with its headquarters at Bangalore. Governance The NAAC functions through its General Council (GC) and Executive Committee (EC) where educational administrators, policy makers and senior academicians from a cross-section of the system of higher education are represented. The Chairperson of the UGC is the President of the GC of the NAAC, the Chairperson of the EC is an eminent academician in the area of relevance to the NAAC. The Director of the NAAC is its academic and administrative head, and is the member-secretary of both the GC and EC. The NAAC also has many advisory and consultative committees to guide its practices, in addition to the statutory bodies that steer its policies. The NAAC has a core staff and consultants to support itits activities. It also receives...
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...The theory of Realistic Mathematics Education as a theoretical framework for teaching low attainers in mathematics Barnes, Hayley E. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/4848 Date: 2005-06 ------------------------------------------------- Abstract: This article recounts the process embarked on and reasons for selecting the theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) as the theoretical framework in a study carried out with low attaining learners. In the study an intervention for low attaining grade 8 mathematics learners was implemented in an attempt to improve the understanding of the participants with regard to place value, fractions and decimals, and to identify characteristics of this type of intervention and potential design principles that could be applied in similar interventions. In this article, the theoretical framework for the intervention is discussed and theoretical (rather than empirical) reasons for selecting the theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) for use with low attainers are put forward. From a literature review that looked at the teaching and learning of mathematics to learners who fall into the category of performing below the required standard, five common aspects emerged. Once these aspects had been identified, a theory in mathematics education was sought that encompassed these five aspects. The theory of RME was subsequently selected as the theoretical framework to drive the design and implementation of the intervention and is being suggested...
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...Assessment and classroom learning By Black, Paul, Wiliam, Dylan, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice Mar1998, Vol. 5, Issue 1 ABSTRACT This article is a review of the literature on classroom formative assessment. Several studies show firm evidence that innovations designed to strengthen the frequent feedback that students receive about their learning yield substantial learning gains. The perceptions of students and their role in self-assessment are considered alongside analysis of' the strategies used by teachers and the formative strategies incorporated in such systemic approaches as mastery learning. There follows a more detailed and theoretical analysis of the nature of feedback, which provides a basis for a discussion of the development of theoretical models for formative assessment and of the prospects for the improvement of practice. Introduction One of the outstanding features of studies of assessment in recent years has been the shift in the focus of attention, towards greater interest in the interactions between assessment and classroom learning and away from concentration on the properties of restricted forms of test which are only weakly linked to the learning experiences of" students. This shift has been coupled with many expressions of hope that improvement in classroom assessment will make a strong contribution to the improvement of learning. So one main purpose of this review is to survey the evidence which might show whether or...
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...COGNITIVE ORIENTATION TO LEARNING Introduction Orientation to learning in the early years was stressed upon in debating which orientation to learning is best suited for a working environment, namely behavioural learning or cognitive learning. As years pass, learning is becoming a more active, constructive and goal oriented process (Shuell, 1986). Basically, learning is no longer based on studying or obtaining knowledge from a certain source alone but can be achieved through performing tasks or activities and learning from past experiences as well. Thus, the more suitable style of learning is none other than cognitive learning in which Boud (1998) described that it emphasizes on the internal attributes of the mind while furnishing views based on the form of knowledge needed for working performance and their development. The purpose of this paper is to determine the advantages and the shortcomings of the cognitive style of learning in the workplace which has evolved over the years. In addition to that, this paper will also briefly describe the behavioural orientation to learning as it acts as the other style of learning within the workplace when cognitive learning does not see fit. At the end of this paper, the outcome will be referring to whether cognitive learning orientation is appropriate and should be undertaken in the workplace to improve employee learning, performance and development. Advantages of Cognitive Learning Glaser (1984) defined cognitive learning as how...
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...ACADEMIC MOTIVATION AND STUDY SKILLS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, CENTRAL MINDANO UNIVERSITY PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE Danica Faye M. Quinco Bachelor of Arts in Psychology September 2013 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Motivation is the force that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes us to take action, whether to grab a snack to reduce hunger or enroll in college to earn a degree. The forces that lie beneath motivation can be biological, social, emotional or cognitive in nature. The first attempt of the researchers is to explore the academic motivations that students in a university will tend to use, usually in enduring the college life. People are centrally concerned with motivation -- how to move themselves or others to act. Everyone struggles with how to motivate others and especially on its own. People are often moved by external factors such as reward systems, grades, evaluations, or the opinions they fear others might have of them. Yet just as frequently, people are motivated from within, by interests, curiosity, care or abiding values. Many individuals enroll into college for several different reasons, including social, economic, or intellectual. Since a degree opens more employment opportunities. Study skills are usually defined as students’ ability to manage time and other...
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...He, however, underachieves. He is unable to keep up with his peers and generally cannot cope with the demands of the school (pp16). Margari (2013) defines SLD’s as that which are characterizations of academic functioning that are below the level that would be expected given their age, Intelligent Quotient and grade level in school, and interfere significantly with academic performances or daily life activities that require reading, writing or calculation skills. The gist of it, is that specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental/cognitive disorders that Hulme and Snowling (2009,pp22) define as “typically characterized by slow rates of development, either in specific domain (specific learning disabilities such as dyslexia or mathematics disorder) or more generally across many domains (general learning difficulties or mental retardation). Finally, Rorich (2008, pp16) explains that the South African contexts defines these, as barriers to learning or learning disabilities in which then a "Specific learning...
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