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Edvard Munch

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Submitted By ddeelee
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The Scream By: Edvard Munch

From early on Edvard Munch was troubled. His mother passed when he was very young, as well as his sister. The blow of the passing of these family members was not to be softened by a military father who twisted Christianity to fit his radical views. Family tragedy caused Dr. Munch to be very violent and depressed. This, as well as Edvard’s consistent illness, was the motivation for Dr. Munch to constantly lash out and claim that this was Gods way of punishment. Edvard is quoted saying, “Sickness, insanity, and death were the dark angels standing guard at my cradle and they have followed me throughout my life”. The Scream was born from this shadowy place in Edvard’s heart and mind.
Originally made from pastels on cardboard, it was created several times with multiple mediums by Munch. On record, The Scream is currently the most expensive painting ever sold. The 1895 pastel and cardboard painting was bought in May of 2012 for $120 million in New York City. This piece is not only rich in monetary value, but meaning as well. Edvard Munch created The Scream to displays the insanity within himself, and how he views the world around him. In his self-expression there are formal interpretations of colors and dramatic use of space and perspective, as well as rippling curves of the landscape which all come together to describe the anxiety and manifestation of the piece.
The most evident formal element in the scream is color. Drastic use of color depicts the mood, greens and intense reds form chaos and disorder, and helps the viewer understand the expression of the figure. The lone figure stands on a crossing bridge clutching his ears and dropping his mouth in fear. The characters face is a green hue, and his clothing is grey and drab, representing sickness and death, which effected Munch mentally. Red skies bring in attention, and creates a sense of alarm which highlights the intensity of the draw dropped character. Mixed with greens, reds, yellows and blues, this section is a melting pot of all the colors present in the painting. Contrast between the illuminated red hues in the background sky, and the dull, dark colors of the character create a sense of detachment from reality in what could almost be normal surroundings.
Those unbothered on the bridge are black and grey hues, but blurred. There is still significance in the figures because of their separation from the fore ground character. Viewers of the piece are first drawn into the man in the foreground due to the contrast between his dark clothing and the light color used for his face, forming almost a skeletal appearance.
Munch uses another element; space, in the close view of the open mouthed figure to show the psychological state of the character. The figure is standing directly centered, and is significantly larger than the other two people in the portrait. The image is closer, so this makes sense perspective wise, but it also shows the importance of the frontal figure. Spacing of the background individuals again show the mental distance between the two sets of characters.
There are different calming elements of the piece, for example the fiery sky and flowing river. Small boat-like objects are placed in the river off to the distance, and far away from the foreground. Over two thirds of the piece is used to show the actual landscape, most of this space is devoted to the river, which some may view as relaxing or serene, is however un-soothing to the main figure. This reflects human emotions, and how our relationships with our environment can affect us, either optimistic or destructive.
Destruction reigns the expression of the open mouth figure. Even though he is presented as drab compared to the other bright colorful scenes in the picture, he is the main focal point. This figure is composed of lines, the final analyzed element of the piece. After seeing the figure, the starting point for the viewer’s eye is then moved into a series of blended lines to the river, located on the right of the figure. The lines curving to the right act as transition to the next section of the piece, the tainted landscapes.
Quickly the viewer moves up to the surroundings, where lines have no direction. These lines are maybe used for the viewer to get lost in what could be beauty, similarly to the men in the background. Finally, the viewer’s eyes are directed to two muted figures on the bridge, that lead back to the man in the foreground. The figures in the background are painted in drab colors, just as the main figure. The bridge to is a series of lines all directed towards the main figure in the foreground that leads the viewer right back to the beginning, in a counter clockwise motion.
The only straight lines are on the bridge, which could also symbolize some sort of stability from the characters, even with their two very different thoughts. Featured everywhere else are heavy sweeping lines. Bold, rounded strokes in the river and sky, cause the viewer to be wrapped into a questionable peace, brought forth by the prominent open mouth character. Munch uses this brushstroke technique to reiterate the high anxiety state of the artist.
The main character and the artist of The Scream are one in the same. Munch was heavily influenced early on by his world. Family, sickness and depression was depicted in much of his work, and because of his darkness we are able to study great art like the Scream and analyze it. Color, line and space are all formal elements used in this art piece to help convey the emotional aguish the character is experiencing about the world around him. A perception of the world may not be a true to others, which can leave us torn while outside everything goes on as normal. This painting captures both the inner scream and the normality around us.

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