...Christopher Goff Mr. Rogers ELA March 6, 2015 Duke Ellington Duke Ellington was a major figure in the history of jazz music. During his career which lasted more than half of a century, he composed thousands of songs. Duke Ellington created one of the most distinctive ensemble sounds in Western Music, while still playing what he called “American Music”. Duke Ellington will forever remain one of jazz’s music innovators. Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington was born on April 29, 1899. His parents were James Edward Ellington, and Daisy Kennedy Ellington. As a child growing up in Washington D.C, he loved music. At the age of four Duke listened to his mother play a popular piano tune called “The Rosary”, Duke cried saying the song was so pretty....
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...Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington was a jazz musician that was a composer, pianist and bandleader of jazz orchestras. Ellington was born April 29, 1899 in Washington D.C. Ellington started to get a profile at a cotton club in Harlem with his orchestra he led. By the 1930’s Ellington and his orchestra had a tour and Europe and was being known by many. At this point Ellington wasn’t even the category of jazz, he was in the category of American Music. In Ellington’s orchestra were some excellent jazz musicians, such as saxophonist named Johnny Hodges. His band was the best-known orchestra in history of jazz. The band members that were apart of Ellington’s orchestra stayed in it for several decades. Ellington has several songs written by his band members that have been popular. Ellington had a writing companion named Billy Strayhorn, who was his composer-arranger-pianist. When Ellington was 7 years of age he started to take piano lessons from a young lady. His mother decided to have him around a lot of women so he could live elegantly and to be respectful. As he grew older his friends noticed that he was well mannered and was dressed nice, so they gave him the nickname “Duke”. Duke did not want to always play the piano. His dream was...
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...what it is to be American art. One of these innovators was Duke Ellington, a composer, jazz pianist, and big band leader. No other artist single handedly has defined American Music as this jazz giant. He gave American music and jazzes an identity, the first true American art form. Edward Kennedy Ellington was born in Washington, DC on April 29, 1889 to James Edward Ellington and Daisy Ellington. At the age of seven, the young Ellington began taking piano lessons from Marietta Clinkscalps. Both of his parents were pianists. James Edward Ellington preferred operatic bits as Daisy played primarily parlor tunes. At this point in his life, Edward Ellington was more interested in playing baseball with his mates rather than playing the piano. During this time in his childhood, Ellington would acquire his famous pseudonym “Duke.” The title came from his schoolmates. Edward was reared by his mother and her dignified friends. Through this, he developed a Great Gatsby esque demeanor demonstrating a sense of grandeur and grace similar to a noble gentleman of that era and ones forgotten. Many of his peers noticed and deemed him “Duke” Ellington. Ellington’s interest in the piano would not reemerge until he began sneaking into local pool halls looking for the thrills of an older lifestyle. Furthermore, while in those pool halls, he began listening to eclectic styles of the pool hall piano players. As a result, Ellington decided to take his piano lessons and playing a little more...
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...Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington is one of the most accomplished Jazz musicians of all time. He was born in Washington D.C. in 1899. Duke Ellington’s father worked as a butler at the White House, and both his father and mother were amateur pianist. As a young child Ellington preferred sports to music—which quickly changed. Ellington dropped out of high school in 1917 to pursue his music career, and by the mid-twenties had relocated to New York. Ellington’s spotlight to fame came from Harlem’s Cotton Club. Duke Ellington performed at the Cotton Club for a continuous six years, which during that time was a place where many distinguished musicians were born. Ellington is largely responsible for the birth of the “Big Band” era of Jazz. However, Ellington frequently referred to his music as “American Music”. He is credited with the composition of over 3,000 songs....
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...Shantae Todd Intro to Jazz History Mrs. Lester 29 January 2014 “Duke of Jazz” Duke Ellington was an American jazz composer, orchestrator, bandleader, and pianist, who were considered to be the greatest composer in the history of jazz music and one of the greatest musicians of the 20th century. He composed over 2000 works and performed numerous concerts during his musical career. A compilation of some of his most popular music is collected on a CD called "The Popular Duke Ellington." He was born Edward Kennedy Ellington on April 28, 1899 in Washington, D.C. to Daisy and James Ellington. They served as the ideal role models for young Ellington and taught him everything from table manners to the power of music. He was eight when he got his first piano lessons. By the age of fourteen, he was sneaking into Frank Holliday’s poolroom. He learned from his experiences in the poolroom how to appreciate the value of mixing with a wide range of people. He attended the Armstrong Manual Training School to study commercial art instead of an academically-oriented school. During the summer months, he would seek out and listen to ragtime pianists in Washington. He said he decided to become a musician when he realized that when playing the piano, there was always a pretty girl standing down at the bass clef end of the piano, thus the music career of Duke Ellington was born. He was called “Duke” because he was something of a dandy, with a love of fancy clothes and an elegant style. He retained...
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...Classical Composer Report Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington, was an american jazz composer, orchestrator, bandleader, and pianist, and was considered to be the greatest composer in the history of jazz music and one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. Duke was born on April 29th, 1899 in Washington, DC and was raised in a musical household where he started piano lessons at the early age of seven years old. He wrote his first piece at age 15 called “Soda Fountain Rag” inspired by his job as a soda jerk. Although, he did not start playing professionally until he was 19 and slowly after started his first group called The Dukes Serenades. When Duke started to become successful and his drummer Sonny Greer was invited to join the Wilbur...
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...Edward Duke Ellington was born April 29, 1899. He was born in Washington , D.C. His mother was Daisy Kennedy Ellington, his father was James Edward Ellington, his wife was Edna Thompson , and his son was Mercer Ellington. He led his orchestra until his death, his career spanning over 50 years. Ellington was based in New York City from the mid-1920s onward , and gained a national profile through his orchestra’s appearances at the Cotton Club. Though widely considered to have been an important figure in the history of jazz, but it was Ellington who combined them into the best-known orchestral unit in the history of jazz. Ellington originated over a thousand compositions and his extensive work is the largest recorded personal jazz legacy, with...
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...Journal of American Studies, 45 (2011), 1, 113–129 f Cambridge University Press 2010 doi:10.1017/S0021875810001271 First published online 19 July 2010 Jazz as a Black American Art Form : Definitions of the Jazz Preservation Act JEFF FARLEY Jazz music and culture have experienced a surge in popularity after the passage of the Jazz Preservation Act (JPA) in 1987. This resolution defined jazz as a black American art form, thus using race, national identity, and cultural value as key aspects in making jazz one of the nation’s most subsidized arts. Led by new cultural institutions and educational programs, millions of Americans have engaged with the history and canon of jazz that represent the values endorsed by the JPA. Record companies, book publishers, archivists, academia, and private foundations have also contributed to the effort to preserve jazz music and history. Such preservation has not always been a simple process, especially in identifying jazz with black culture and with America as a whole. This has required a careful balancing of social and musical aspects of jazz. For instance, many consider two of the most important aspects of jazz to be the blues aesthetic, which inevitably expresses racist oppression in America, and the democratic ethic, wherein each musician’s individual expression equally contributes to the whole. Balanced explanations of race and nationality are useful not only for musicologists, but also for musicians and teachers wishing to use jazz as an example...
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...Political Movements in the 20th Century HUM/300 Political Movements in the 20th Century During the 20th century several major political events took place that changed the worldwide view of civilization and shook up the collective consciousness. World War I and II showed the dark side of technology when used to hurt humanity. Civil movements surged around the world as a result of minorities trying to regain their identity, which various governments throughout the world restricted. The authors will examine major political events that had a notable effect on the 20th century, including, the influences of World War I and II, the surge of the Civil Rights Movement, and the Gender Equality Movement. The author’s examination will consider the works of artists and how his or her creative expression reflected the mood of the era. Political Events: World War I and II World War I (WWI) started in 1914, and lasted through 1918. The political event that triggered this war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The war tactics employed in World War I changed the methods and strategies in future conflicts bringing more devastation. Some of the new strategies included trench warfare, chemical warfare, and upgraded technology; it introduced chemical weapons including chlorine and phosgene, which produced devastating damages. The exposure to high levels of these gases resulted in temporary blindness, difficulty...
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...Chapter 21: The Roaring Life of the 1920s Section 1: Changing Ways of Life I. Rural and Urban Differences A. Between 1922 and 1929, migration to the cities accelerated, with nearly 2 million people leaving farms and towns each year (small town values change) 1. City dwellers judged one another by their accomplishments more often than their background a. City dwellers tolerated drinking, gambling, and casual dating (shocking and sinful in small towns) 2. Cities could be impersonal and frightening b. Life was fast paced and neighbors were not as neighborly B. Prohibition: the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited 3. 18th Amendment: ratified Jan, 1919 and repealed by the 21st Amendment in Dec, 1933 C. Positive Opinions/Results of Prohibition: 4. Progressives wanted it banned to stop family violence, crime, and poverty c. Support for prohibition was found in the rural native-Protestant dominated West and South d. The church-affiliated Anti-Saloon League led the drive to pass Prohibition e. Woman’s Christian Temperance Union considered drinking a sin 5. WW I reformers advocated prohibition as a war measure f. People were concerned that many German Americans owned many of the brewers g. Drinking reduced the efficiency of soldiers and workers 6. Learned we must...
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...Cultural Moves AMERICAN CROSSROADS Edited by Earl Lewis, George Lipsitz, Peggy Pascoe, George Sánchez, and Dana Takagi 1. Border Matters: Remapping American Cultural Studies, by José David Saldívar 2. The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture, by Neil Foley 3. Indians in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities around Puget Sound, by Alexandra Harmon 4. Aztlán and Viet Nam: Chicano and Chicana Experiences of the War, edited by George Mariscal 5. Immigration and the Political Economy of Home: West Indian Brooklyn and American Indian Minneapolis, by Rachel Buff 6. Epic Encounters: Culture, Media, and U.S. Interests in the Middle East,1945–2000, by Melani McAlister 7. Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco’s Chinatown, by Nayan Shah 8. Japanese American Celebration and Conflict: A History of Ethnic Identity and Festival, 1934–1990, by Lon Kurashige 9. American Sensations: Class, Empire, and the Production of Popular Culture, by Shelley Streeby 10. Colored White: Transcending the Racial Past, by David R. Roediger 11. Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico, by Laura Briggs 12. meXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands, by Rosa Linda Fregoso 13. Popular Culture in the Age of White Flight, by Eric Avila 14. Ties That Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom, by Tiya Miles 15. Cultural Moves: African Americans and the Politics of...
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...FAMILY OF SECRETS The Bush Dynasty, America’s Invisible Government, and the Hidden History of the Last Fifty Years RUSS BAKER Contents Foreword by James Moore 1. How Did Bush Happen? 2. Poppy’s Secret 3. Viva Zapata 4. Where Was Poppy? 5. Oswald’s Friend 6. The Hit 7. After Camelot 8. Wings for W. 9. The Nixonian Bushes 10. Downing Nixon, Part I: The Setup 11. Downing Nixon, Part II: The Execution 12. In from the Cold 13. Poppy’s Proxy and the Saudis 14. Poppy’s Web 15. The Handoff 16. The Quacking Duck 17. Playing Hardball 18. Meet the Help 19. The Conversion 20. The Skeleton in W.’s Closet 21. Shock and . . . Oil? 22. Deflection for Reelection 23. Domestic Disturbance 24. Conclusion Afterword Author’s Note Acknowledgments Notes Foreword When a governor or any state official seeks elective national office, his (or her) reputation and what the country knows about the candidate’s background is initially determined by the work of local and regional media. Generally, those journalists do a competent job of reporting on the prospect’s record. In the case of Governor George W. Bush, Texas reporters had written numerous stories about his failed businesses in the oil patch, the dubious land grab and questionable funding behind a new stadium for Bush’s baseball team, the Texas Rangers, and his various political contradictions and hypocrisies while serving in Austin. I was one of those Texas journalists. I spent about a decade...
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...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...The Story of the Fourth of July The Declaration of Independence We celebrate American Independence Day on the Fourth of July every year. We think of July 4, 1776, as a day that represents the Declaration of Independence and the birth of the United States of America as an independent nation. But July 4, 1776 wasn't the day that the Continental Congress decided to declare independence (they did that on July 2, 1776). It wasn’t the day we started the American Revolution either (that had happened back in April 1775). And it wasn't the day Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence (that was in June 1776). Or the date on which the Declaration was delivered to Great Britain (that didn't happen until November 1776). Or the date it was signed (that was August 2, 1776). So what did happen on July 4, 1776? The Continental Congress approved the final wording of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. They'd been working on it for a couple of days after the draft was submitted on July 2nd and finally agreed on all of the edits and changes. July 4, 1776, became the date that was included on the Declaration of Independence, and the fancy handwritten copy that was signed in August (the copy now displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.) It’s also the date that was printed on the Dunlap Broadsides, the original printed copies of the Declaration that were circulated throughout the new nation. So when people thought of the Declaration of Independence...
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...The London School of Economics and Political Science THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE DEMOCRATISATION OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS: From ‘Soft Power’ to Collective Decision-Making? Saif Al-Islam Alqadhafi A thesis submitted to the Department of Philosophy of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2007 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. 2 Abstract This dissertation analyses the problem of how to create more just and democratic global governing institutions, exploring the approach of a more formal system of collective decision-making by the three main actors in global society: governments, civil society and the business sector. The thesis seeks to make a contribution by presenting for discussion an addition to the system of international governance that is morally...
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