...P5: Describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organisation. M2: Compare the challenges to selected business activities within a selected organisation, in two different economic environments. This assignment is asking me to describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organisation. Nike is a global brand specialising in the design and manufacture of athletic apparel, footwear, accessories and equipment; it is headquartered in the United States, Europe, and the Asia Pacific Region. Its products are available through over 20,000 retail outlets, including those in its own footfall outlets, e.g. Nike Factory stores. This study considers the contemporary business environment of Nike using a PESTLE approach, paying particular attention to any human resources management (HRM) issues that may arise under each heading. Overall, it is argued here that Nike has attempted to address various business and social challenges by harmonising its value proposition to ‘Consumers, shareholders, business partners, employees, and the community.’ There are many external environmental factors that can affect your business. It is common for managers to assess each of these factors closely. The aim is always to take better decisions for the firm’s progress. Some common factors are political, economic, social and technological...
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...Economic History Final How Institutional Settings matter Tri-networks integration and IPTV Student ID No. 1310511012 Student Name Zhang Qiyue (Emily) School Suzhou University Major Field International Finance Advisor Sam Yu Date Janurary 2016 How Institutional Settings matter Tri-networks integration and IPTV Abstracts: This paper will first make a brief introduction on IPTV industry and its present status of development in China. The promotion of IPTV is affected not only by the technology and market demand, but also by the regulatory policy. Policy barriers caused by yield game between telecom operators and State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) about profit allocation hindered the development of IPTV. We use the Stackelberg model to analyze the yield game between telecom operators and SARFT. With deep integration between the industry, the traditional regulatory framework should also advance with the times, be replaced by a more flexible integration framework, so as to promote the development of IPTV and other integration of services. However, the pace of development is far below expectations in China. Many experts pointed out that there were few technical problems existing in IPTV, which leaves the main crux to its institutional settings. We will also discuss how institutional settings matter the industry, find out proper regulations...
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...Intervention in the market What are the main reasons for government intervention? The main reasons for policy intervention are: •To correct for market failure •To achieve a more equitable distribution of income and wealth •To improve the performance of the economy Options for government intervention in markets There are many ways in which intervention can take place – some examples are given below Government Legislation and Regulation Parliament can pass laws that for example prohibit the sale of cigarettes to children, or ban smoking in the workplace. Employment laws may offer some legal protection for workers by setting maximum working hours or by providing a price-floor in the labour market through the setting of a minimum wage. The economy operates with a huge and growing amount of regulation. The government appointed regulators who can impose price controls in most of the main utilities such as telecommunications, electricity, gas and rail transport. Free market economists criticise the scale of regulation in the economy arguing that it creates an unnecessary burden of costs for businesses – with a huge amount of “red tape” damaging the competitiveness of businesses. Fiscal Policy Intervention Fiscal policy can be used to alter the level of demand for different products and also the pattern of demand within the economy. Indirect taxes can be used to raise the price of de-merit goods and products with negative externalities designed...
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...Case Study -1: Indian BPOs Waking Up to the Philippines Opportunity? To: In Partial Fulfilment for MBA in Management and Administration How has the Economic downturn, discussed in the opening profile and throughout this chapter, impacted jobs outsourcing in the BPO Industry? According to the Business Dictionary, Economic downturn is a situation in which the economy of a country experiences a sudden shift brought on by a financial crisis. (as cited on Business Dictionary.com. Retrieved 6.10.12.Copyright©2012 Web Finance, Inc. All Rights Reserved) “ Business process outsourcing (BPO) is the practice of using a third party, contracted to perform specific, specialized processes on a company’s behalf”.(as cited on Wise-Geek. Copyright © 2003 - 2012 Conjecture Corporation). Outsourcing is when the business contracted outside individual to carry out an assigned task. The World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland theme was “Shaping the Post Crisis world”. (as cited in International Management.p3.para.2) The writer believed this theme was chosen due to the impact the recession had on the booming economies of the world. A crisis involves a recession, depression, collapse and drying up of liquidity, collaterals and rising and falling prices due to inflation. The financial crisis which crippled the world economy caused a credit crunch...
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...Aggregate Demand and Supply Models ECO/372 July 31, 2013 Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Aggregate supply and demand are crucial theories in macroeconomics as they assist economists in deciphering events in the past to help forecast the future. The aggregate supply curve model shows the correlation between the total price level of a country, and the quantity of goods and services manufactured by the suppliers of that country. The aggregate demand curve model shows the quantity of goods and services made locally that consumers, businesses, the government and foreigners are willing to buy during a specific time period. Part I – Analysis and Recommendations: Describe the current state of the following economic factors and analyze how each affects aggregate supply and demand. Develop a set of recommendations for the president regarding government spending and taxes based on the economic factors' current state. Unemployment Unemployment peaked in late 2009 through early 2010 and has come down roughly 2% since then (Bureau Of Labor Statistics, 2013). The unemployment rate for those who are 25yrs and older with at least a bachelor degree lingered at around a high 2% in the early to mid 2000's dropping even to 1.8% in August 2006. After, this the percentage slowly started to to increase and quickly grew around 2008. Just over three years after hitting 1.8%, unemployment for 25yrs and older with at least a bachelor degree grew to 5.1% in November 2009. There...
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...The Rise of “Economic Consequences” – Notes The impact of accounting reports on decision making may be the most challenging accounting issue of the 1970s. By Stephen A. Zeff Notes by Tyler Shivers Introduction There are increasing “outside forces” in the standard setting process since 1960s. Two parallel developments marking this trend * Individuals and groups rarely had shown interest in setting accounting standards but then started intervening actively & powerfully in the process * New arguments had be brought up and the term “economic consequences” has been used to describe them Economic consequences – the impact of accounting reports on the decision making behavior of business, government, unions, investors, and creditors. * Accounting standards setters must take into consideration of detrimental consequences when deciding on accounting questions. Until recently, accounting policy making was deemed neutral in effect or was considered not responsible. Policy makers have been aware since 1960s that there was a third party intervention issues but not the Economic Consequences argument till 1970s When management began intervening, its true position was probably disguised This is the tactical rhetoric suggested by examination of arguments 1. The traditional accounting model, where management was genuinely concerned about unbiased and “theoretically sound” accounting measurements. 2. The traditional accounting model, where management was really seeking...
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...Model of Agenda Setting Theory • Scope and functions • Walter Lippman – Public Opinion (excerpt from Media Control – Noam Chomsky) • Concept of Manufacturing Consent – Noam Chomsky o Excerpts form the book - Manufacturing Consent by Noam Chomsky • Case studies o WMD i.e. Weapons of Mass Destruction being used repeatedly by media • Situation in India o Media focusing on Scams repeatedly and not giving due importance to the other relevant news. • Conclusion Introduction The power of the news media to set a nation’s agenda, to focus public attention on a few key public issues, is an immense and well-documented influence. Not only do people acquire factual information about public affairs from the news media, readers and viewers also learn how much importance to attach to a topic on the basis of the emphasis placed on it in the news. Newspapers provide a host of cues about the salience of the topics in the daily news – lead story on page one, other front page display, large headlines, etc. Television news also offers numerous cues about salience – the opening story on the newscast, length of time devoted to the story, etc. These cues repeated day after day effectively communicate the importance of each topic. In other words, the news media can set the agenda for the public’s attention to that small group of issues around which public opinion forms. Origin and History Agenda setting describes a...
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...Complexities of the Financial System Brandi Humphrey Professor Joseph Arbeiter Finance 100 January 15, 2014 Financial markets are defined as locations or electronic forums that facilitate the flow of funds among investors, businesses, and governments. There are four types of financial markets and they are; debt securities markets, equity securities markets, derivative securities markets, and foreign exchange markets. Financial markets are also known to facilitate the transferring of previously issued debt and equity securities from existing to new investors. Financial markets are where traders buy and sell stocks, bonds, derivatives, foreign exchange and commodities. U.S. financial markets impact the economy because it can influence prices, whether they increase or decrease. For instance when there is too much money in the real estate market, interest rates plummet. This caused peopled to take out loans, even if they were considered ineligible buyers thus creating unacceptable risks to investors who began selling them to get rid of them. This causes a crash in the real estate market and also leaves the investors high and dry. Finance is one of the most important functions of any business. Companies are financed in one or two ways; debt or equity. The definition of debt is the amount owed or that one is bound to pay to or perform for another and equity is defined as the funds supplied by the owners that represent their residual claim on the firm. Debt financing is a negative...
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...Introduction: a. Origin of the Report: Every Business student, as a part of his/her study has to complete some assignments and solve some problems which are very much related to the practical business and economical world. This is a complete study of how the investors are doing business in Bangladesh over years and what will be the course of actions in order to achieve the proper “Investment climate in Bangladesh”. The report is prepared in order to get the knowledge and fulfill the basic requirement to complete the course titled as “Economic Conditions Analysis”. b. Background of the study: Economics is a sea of theories. These theories are the stairway to lift us to a stage from where we can get the entire idea of its different sectors. “Economic Conditions Analysis” is basically theory related course in addition to a mixing of practical incidents to compare theories and its applications. Obtaining theoretical knowledge is only a halfway to reach the target because implementation of theories is the ultimate goal of it. Being a very practical course “Economic Conditions Analysis” requires a large extent of implementation of its theories and procedures in the real life. To meet up this requirement I have prepared the report titled “Investment climate in Bangladesh”. c. Objectives: 1. Broad Objective: The broad objective is to examine investment climate in Bangladesh over years and what should be done for better performance in...
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...paid a lot, and the banks were overexposed to cover those losses. The Fed Reserve's role was to utilize monetary policy to ensure liquidity in this credit crisis, when banks were cash strapped. Thus, they lowered interest rates. We also saw capital flows into the US economy in the form of sovereign wealth funds helping to infuse capital into banks like Merrill Lynch and Citi. Furthermore, one should be cautiously optimistic about the current state of the economy. The cautious optimism is evident in the Big Three indicators of the US economy: GDP, Unemployment, and Inflation. As for GDP growth, since 2009, growth has been hovering between around 0 and 5%. However, when considering the changes in government expenditures, whenever the government’s spending decreased, real private investment and residential investments decreased as well. As for unemployment, although the Unemployment rate has been trending downward, and now averaging 5% for the first time since 2008, the US Economy demonstrates that the changes in nonfarm employment has been drastically decreasing. So unemployment numbers look better because people aren’t being counted in the labor force. Also, inflation has remained around 2% for the past few years, but concerns are around the real interest rate falling negative. Several shocks hit the U.S. economy post 2008, some of which include: The collapse of business fixed investment in the aftermath of the financial crisis, The blockage of the credit channel that prevented...
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...Bangladesh (ULAB) School of Business MBA Programme Spring 2012 Macroeconomics Lecture note: 5 Course Teacher: Shish Haider Chowdhury shishchowdhury@yahoo.co.uk Cell: 018 19225594 02 March 2012 Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy Fiscal Policy Government's revenue (taxation) and spending policy designed to: (1) counter economic cycles in order to achieve lower unemployment, (2) achieve low or no inflation, and (3) achieve sustained but controllable economic growth. In a recession, governments stimulate the economy with deficit spending (expenditure exceeds revenue). During period of expansion, they restrain a fast growing economy with higher taxes and aim for a surplus (revenue exceeds expenditure). Fiscal policies are based on the concepts of the UK economist John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), and work independent of monetary policy which tries to achieve the same objectives by controlling the money supply. Stances of fiscal policy The three possible stances of fiscal policy are neutral, expansionary, and contractionary. The simplest definitions of these stances are as follows: • A neutral stance of fiscal policy implies a balanced budget where government spending equals tax revenue. Government spending is fully funded by tax revenue and overall the budget outcome has a neutral effect on the level of economic activity; • An expansionary stance of fiscal policy involves government spending exceeding tax...
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...Macroeconomics Assignment How a rigid Fiscal Policy saved Australia from the Global Financial Crisis TABLE OF CONTENTS: |Item |Heading |Page Number | |1. |Introduction | | |2. |Theoretical Concepts: | | | | | | | |2.1 Economic Growth | | | |2.2 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply | | | |2.3 Fiscal Policy | | | |2.4 Monetary Policy | | | |2.5 The Impact of Unemployment | | |3. |Related Policy Issues | | |4. ...
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...INTRODUCTION Being entrepreneurial means combining personal characteristics, financial means and the resources available within your environment. Geoffrey G. Meredith et al (1991). As an initiator of the business, the entrepreneur relies on his inherent nature of task-result oriented, risk taking, innovative, creative and above all, futuristic to spot opportunities and take advantage. Thus, why Geoffrey G. Meredith et al (1991) defined the entrepreneur(s) as “people who have the ability to see and evaluate business opportunities, to gather the necessary resources to take advantage of them and to initiate appropriate action to ensure success”. The driving force for entrepreneurship is usually an active interest to satisfy a yearning need and it involves people who are knowledgeable about a specific problem and spurred by this knowledge to solve the problem. It involves turning a passion into business, hence, it could be said, that most entrepreneurs ventured into business essentially to fill up an existing gap or service area, out of their individual drive or passion. In the process, they may finally end up building business empires, which they were not set out to do originally. From the foregoing, we can add that monetary gains though important are not in most cases paramount, but the overriding interest to fill a gap and create sustainable solutions influences entrepreneurship ventures. In Nigeria, being an entrepreneur conjures different perceptions; to most, he is a hustler...
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...important role in achieving the country’s socio-economic objectives including poverty reduction goals. In a capital-poor country like Bangladesh, FDI can emerge as a significant vehicle to build up physical capital, create employment opportunities, develop productive capacity, enhance skills of local labor through transfer of technology and managerial know-how, and help integrate the domestic economy with the global economy. This policy note provides an assessment of the current situation of FDI in Bangladesh and examines its impact on the country’s balance of payments. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is capital provided by a foreign direct investor, either directly or through other related enterprises, where the foreign investor is directly involved in the management of the enterprise. Until the1980s, most developing countries viewed FDI with great weariness. In recent years, however FDI restrictions have been significantly reduced. Most countries offer incentives to attract FDI, such as tax concessions, tax holidays, accelerated depreciation on plants and machinery, export subsidies and import entitlements etc. As a developing country, Bangladesh needs FDI for its ongoing development process. Since independence, Bangladesh is trying to be a suitable location for FDI. Special zones have been set up and lucrative incentive packages have been provided to attract FDI. However, the total inflow of FDI has been increasing over the years. In 1972, annual FDI inflow was 0.090 million USD, and...
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...STARTING A NEW BUSINESS: Starting a business in a new country involves a lot of risk. Many entrepreneurs invest and risk their personal savings in their businesses. Regulations for new businesses vary across countries and in some cases the cost of business registration can become prohibitive. Starting a new business involves many hurdles, but excessive bureaucracy should not be one of them. POLITICAL STABILITY: Political trends can impact any level of society, be it individuals, families or organizations. Trends in policies set by government agencies and leaders can affect the legal framework within which a business operates. Being aware of the political conditions at the national and local levels is a very important part of planning and strategy development for a business. What happens in the politics of your country and your neighboring countries influences your business to a very large extent. Changes in the government policies may affect your business positively or negatively. Unstable political conditions where government policies change frequently discourage business, as investors fear for the safety of their investments. Government support to economic development through infrastructure development, facilitation, industrial parks, and the like all encourage entrepreneurship. MARKET AND COMPETITION: Sun Tzu, the ancient Chinese philosopher and military strategist, famously said: "If you know your enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the results of 100 battles...
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