...Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior Evaluation Over the years autism has been measured a mental illness, a personality disorder, an emotional disturbance, a communication disorder, a developmental disability a mental handicap, as well as, more recently, an information processing problem (Williams, 2006). Autism carries on to be classified as a all-encompassing developmental disorder, a term which mentions children and adults who have severe enduring difficulties in social plus communication skills beyond those accounted for by general developmental delay. Increasingly children are being diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder. It is significant that teachers are aware of the features of the disorder and have an understanding of its implications for learning, as well as being able to identify the disorder in its early stages so that appropriate help may be given. Autism is a complex disorder that may not be due to a single cause. It may be that a variety of influences affect neurological development at an early stage (Humphreys and Ramm, 2003). The factors that have been implicated are outlined below. Methodical research has failed to support any more than a small role for the social environment in the development of autism. The conviction that faulty parenting or family factors are implicated has now been discredited, even though raised anxiety levels within the family can lessen children's ability to cope. It is thought that a basic cognitive deficit to do with the...
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...Autism PSY340 xx-xx-xxxx Instructor Autism From A Neuropsychological Standpoint The neurodevelopmental disorder autism and autistic spectrum disorders in general impair a child's learning, communication, and socialization. One common feature of autism is the individuals lack of understanding that other people's way of seeing things can be different than their own (Murray, 2011). For instance, telling a story from a point of view other than their own. Autism is currently recognized at three distinct levels that are nevertheless linked: it is a neurological disorder that is linked to brain development; it is a psychological disorder of cognitive, emotional and behavioral development; and it is a relationship disorder which demonstrates a failure of normal socialization. Autism is within a group of disorders known as pervasive developmental disorders (Fritson, 2008). This disorder is usually clearly apparent by age three, and generally has reached it's full severity at that point. Common early indications of autism include delayed onset of language ability and delayed onset of social interaction. Autism is heterogeneous, with children being normal in some respects and severely impaired in others. Of individuals with the disorder, about 80% are male, about 60% have significant mental retardation, and approx. 35% have epilepsy. Autistic individuals tend to show savant abilities (Pinel, 2009). Autism is associated with widespread damage in the brain, with the...
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...Woolley Term Paper Autism: Playing a Part in the Juvenile Justice System When examining the juvenile justice system, a key factor that needs to be addressed in society today must include the aspect of juveniles with Autism. Up until ten years or so ago the concept of autism was basically unknown and non-factor in dealing juveniles. Research now shows that in Utah alone one in every forty-seven children born is born with some form of Autism. ( http://www.stellamarie.com/index.php/2010/06/24/autism-rates-per-state) Having this information we now must examine what part Autism plays with juveniles, our role in addressing the issues, and ways that we can protect and educate society on this very important epidemic issue. In this article I will address three key issues on Autism; facts and identification of autism, case research in the juvenile system, and education for first responders. This topic touches the lives of so many families, including mine. For this reason we must do our part to aid in the awareness of its debilitating effects and find ways to keep these very special kids out of the juvenile justice system and with their families, where they belong. Before we can understand why there are so many children in the juvenile justice system, with this disability, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of the disease itself. In an article titled, “Effects of Autism on Communication” (Edelson), he writes, “Speech development in people with autism takes different paths...
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...August 8, 2011 Project Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) “Putting Together the Pieces” Introduction:. The diagnosis of autism in one’s child can shatter a parent. There is a substantial amount of confusion and controversy found in all areas of the disorder, from diagnosis to treatment. Most parents who seek treatment for a child labeled with autism face many dead-ends and obstacles concerning what are best for their child. . Having a child who is autistic will be a struggle throughout both of your lives. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ADS) adversely affects a child’s communication, socialization, and behavior. It has symptoms ranging from mild cognitive, social, and behavioral deficits to more severe symptoms where children may suffer from intellectual disabilities and be nonverbal. The five subtypes of ASD are: Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), Rett Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Because each are so broad, I narrowed down my research to Autism Disorder, a sever disorder that affects the development and function of the brain. It causes problems in such areas as social contact, emotional response, intelligence, language and speech impediments, along with ritualistic or compulsive behaviors, as well as different responses to the environment that an autistic individual may have that differ with individuals not having autism would exhibit. I will be talking generally about the...
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...Autism and Family 2 Autism is a complex developmental spectrum disorder that affects many different developmental levels. Most delays occur in the area of social communication. Autism is also described as a certain set of behaviors that affect each individual differently in a variety of different degrees with some being more severe than others(Hall, pg 1, 2013).The lack of a single identified cause for autism leaves much to be discovered in the field. Autism is also become more prevalent, especially in the United States. In the mid-90’s the prevalence rate of a child being diagnosed with autism was 1 in 10,000 to about 1 in 110 children in 2011 ( (Hall, pg 4, 2013). That statistic shows that the prevalence for autism has risen...
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...What is autism? Definition Autism is a severely incapacitating developmental disorder of brain function characterized by three major types of symptoms: impaired social interaction, problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and unusual or severely limited activities and interests. The definition of Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is provided by the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Children with autism are less able to interact with the world as other children do. To provide a comprehensive definition of Autism Spectrum Disorder, there are separate labels given to children with autism for different points on the Autism spectrum. At the least affected end, you may find labels such as "Asperger's Syndrome", "High Functioning Autism" and "Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified" (PDD-NOS). At the other end of the spectrum you may find labels such as "Autism", "Classic Autism" and "Kanner Autism". Description Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. The diagnostic criteria require that symptoms become apparent before a child is three years old. Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood. It is one of three recognized disorders in the autism spectrum (ASDs), the other two...
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...Redefining Autism as a Disability Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Introduction The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders has been on the rise with autism amongst infants topping the list leaving many puzzling mysteries. The causes, effects, signs, symptoms, and treatment for autism have left many unresolved questions in the medical world. By bearing in mind viewpoints of autistics themselves, together with evidence from medical journals, it becomes apparent that autism spectrum disorders are not always the debilitating conditions as portrayed. Recent studies consider Autism a broad spectrum condition implying the degree on how it affects different individuals varies from mild to severe. In fact, autism indeed associates with a number of abilities with precise focus on intelligence, communication, and social skills (Wall, 2010, p.49). This article calls into question the idea autism is indeed a traditional disability and argues a new comprehensive understanding of autism ought to be taken into account. Body From the medical perspective, autism can be defined as complex development regression characterized by difficulties in social interaction, impaired verbal and non-verbal abilities, and acute responses to sensory stimulations such as sound (Schopler, 1994, p.82). Autistic individuals show less interest in the environment surrounding them, and have a lifelong disability on how they communicate, and interact to others. In addition, such individuals usually find...
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...1. Description: Autistic disorder is categorized as a Pervasive developmental disorder, according to the DSM –IV TR; it is usually diagnosed in the toddler and/or early childhood years. According to Ben J. Atchison (2007), Autism falls in the Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) umbrella, alongside other developmental disorders such as Rett’s disorder, Asperger’s disorder and etc, each varying in the degrees of their severity. Autistic disorder is marked by detachment and impairment in social, communication and behavioral skills and development. Autism is usually detected by the age of three; however Atchison (2007) notes “characteristics of autism noticeably emerge between 12 to 36 months of age” when specific developmental mile stones are not reached or regression occurs. Regression involves the typical development of an infant/child followed by degeneration and loss of skills. Diagnosis can occur later in children for those who are labeled at a higher functioning form of autism. Autism is characterized by challenges and delays in language, social and behavioral development. Autistic children display impediments in verbal and nonverbal communication and interaction; according to Atchison (2007) “approximately half of children with autistic disorder remain nonverbal or struggle with severely impaired speech as adults.” Other core characteristics include difficulty with social interactions, lack or limited use of eye contact, and understanding and interpreting social gestures, facial...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder &ump; Autism in the Classroom When teaching it must be expected that there will be students that have behavioral disorders. These disorders must be taken into consideration when giving these students the best education possible. Teachers must accommodate to these children and incorporate them into the daily classroom. Every teacher has their own methods of doing this and can use their creativity to come up with these strategies for teaching. Some strategies may not work, so instructors must put much thought into how they are going to accommodate to these particular students. A very common disorder in children is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD. These students have a difficult time holding attention due to the lack of the ability to concentrate. These students tend to act impulsively, have attention deficits, and sometimes exude hyperactive behaviors. Children that have ADHD do not qualify for special education unless they also have another disability. Approximately 7.8 percent of children from the ages of 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD, research also shows that males are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD over women. These ratios vary from 4:1 to 9:1. These students with ADHD can be impulsive, which means they act before they think or before considering the situation that they are currently in. They also have a hard time concentrating and find it difficult to sit still. There are medications for ADHD, and...
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...offspring do not know to even be tested because the parents do not want them to know. Some of the most common genetic diseases are autism, some types of cancer, down syndrome, Osteogenisis imperfecta, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell...
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...continuous technological transformations, rising costs of healthcare services, increasing demand for services as the population ages, rising numbers of Autism diagnoses, and the growing diversity of the United States population. Thus, the role of speech-language pathologists within a healthcare setting will depend upon several factors and new models of service delivery will likely be necessary to achieve client success within the ever-changing society of the 21st century. The increasing costs of healthcare services not only affects where speech-language pathologists provide treatment, but also who can receive treatment....
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...Understanding Business Research Terms & Concepts: Part 2 Scott Allen RES 351 08/18/2014 Kim Gravelle Understanding Business Research Terms & Concepts: Part 2 “The research design is the blueprint for fulfilling objectives and answering questions. Selecting a design may be complicated by the availability of a large variety of methods, techniques, procedures, protocols, and sampling plans. (Cooper & Schindler 2014 p. 82). Next, the details of the study must be positioned in place. For example, will the researcher use primary or secondary data, surveys, experiments, or a combination of methods. Next, what will be the types of questions will be posed, open-ended or closed? If surveys and questionnaires are used what type of a scale will be used to measure the results; a rating scale, semantic differential, or a Likert scale? Also, the researcher must decide on whether to do sampling or perform a census. It is easy to see that the design method is what pulls the entire research process together; if the research question is the foundation, then the design processes utilized are the walls used to support the process itself. Descriptive statistics is the analysis of data that helps to describe the data in such a way to give relevance or show patterns, much like a census does. The researcher presents the data in a meaningful way like in statistical or graph form making it simple to understand. A census is an examination of all components that make up a population...
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...just goes to show that every action performed is linked to the brain. If every action has something to do with the brain then it is safe to say that every malfunction also is connected to the brain. This malfunction may be anything from a chemical imbalance to the environment that we live in. Considering that there are so many factors that play a role in how our brain works numerous studies have been done to try to provide a balance to enable learning to take place. From these studies strategies can be put in place to aid or assist those with issues that would prevent or not enable them to be successful learners. Two groups that I will try to cover are those that come from a background of poverty, homelessness, hunger and those with autism/ADHD. The grade level that I will focus on is K-5. Reason is to me this is the best time to stat helping by using strategies and teaching coping skills. Poverty, Homelessness and Hunger Sad as it may seem with all the help out there poverty, homelessness and hunger is still a major cause for concern in our society. These three things play a major role when it comes to learning and cognitive development. Poverty is being poor to the point of not having enough money to take care of everyday basic needs like food, housing and clothing. It is very clear how poverty leads to homelessness and hunger. Homelessness is when one has no permanent safe place to call home. This makes it really hard...
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...emotional, cognitive, or social issues through music. People living with disabilities or certain illnesses have often found music to offer a soothing environment that facilitates the healing process. Music uses creative, emotional and a non-verbal language to enable users to gain self-awareness and self-expression. In many cases, people have found music to be more powerful than plain words, as it offers a unique channel of communication and expression. Essentially, people suffering from autism and Alzheimer’s disease, and those having developmental disabilities can always become beneficiaries of music therapy. This paper will give a brief history of music therapy, and its role as an alternative treatment for autism and Alzheimer’s disease. Thereafter, the paper will give a brief discussion on the politic of making music therapy a real treatment. History of music therapy Music therapy traces its history back in the times of Aristotle and Plato. These writers wrote great articles describing the effect of music on health and personal behavior (Aldridge, 1993). However, music therapy was first recognized after the First and Second World War. Some musicians felt that the only way to show gratitude to the war veterans was to visit them in the hospitals and soothe them with nice...
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...that predicts a specific relationship among variables that can then be tested. | b. | the precise meaning of a term which specifies the operations for observing and measuring the phenomenon being investigated. | c. | an organized system of assumptions that attempts to explain a data set (specified phenomena and their interrelationships). | d. | the principle that a scientific theory must allow for hypotheses that are specific enough to all for the possibility tht they theory may be disconfirmed. | | 3. Participants in an experiment on stress management are given a set of stress reduction techniques and then measured for the effect. What is the role of the control group in this experiment? a. | They receive no stress reduction techniques and they are not measured. | b. | They receive a random stress reduction technique. | c. | They receive no stress management techniques, but they are measured. | d. | They receive the same techniques as the experimental group, and they are measured. | 4. The early approach to psychology in which the mind is broken into the smallest elements of mental experience. What is this called? a. | structuralism | c. | behaviorism | b. | functionalism | d. | humanism | 5. What is the early approach to psychology that saw behavior as purposeful and contributing to survival? That is, they asked “What is this human behavior for”? a. | behaviorism | c. | humanism |...
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