...Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Economics of European Integration Lecture 1: Economics of preferential liberalization Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Louvain Institute for Ireland in Europe, January 2012 Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Preferential liberalization Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Introduction Graphical analysis Welfare Introduction Questions that we will answer in this section Why was/is the EU so successful? Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Preferential liberalization Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Introduction Graphical analysis Welfare Introduction Questions that we will answer in this section Why was/is the EU so successful? What economic forces are driving the spread of European integration? Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Preferential liberalization Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Introduction Graphical analysis Welfare Introduction Questions that we will answer in this section Why was/is the EU so successful? What economic forces are driving the spread of European integration? We use a simplifying (NICNIR) economic framework Thomas Blondiau (Center for Economic Studies, KU Leuven) Preferential liberalization Discriminatory liberalization Customs Union Introduction Graphical analysis Welfare Introduction Questions...
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...stages and the first potion you'll need to brew before you can get to the more interesting ones is the Awkward Potion. The primary ingredient for this is a Nether Wart. You can then add additional ingredients to the Awkward Potion such as Sugar or a Ghast Tear to create a useful potion. Creating a potion by starting with any other ingredient results in either Mundane or Thick Potions that are essentially useless right now and can only be used to create a Potion of Weakness after combining the Mundane/Thick Potion with a Fermented Spider Eye. If you need a Potion of Weakness, it is best to just start with the Fermented Spider Eye. INGREDIENTS Starting Ingredients Nether Wart Fermented Spider Eye Additional Ingredients Effects Blaze Fire -...
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...WEEK 5: INCOME & SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS REQUIRED READING: PARKIN CH 9 Lecture Plan 1. INCOME EXPANSION PATHS ( Inferior & Superior Goods ( Engle Law 2. Price-Consumption Paths ( Changing Relative Prices ( Deriving the Price-Consumption Path ( Deriving Individual Demand Curves 3. Income & Substitution Effects Income Expansion Paths 1 Introduction In Figure, we see an individual consuming two goods X1 and X2 with P1=$1, P2=$1 and total income is $20. We also see that his/her tastes are described by three indifference curves marked I1, I2 and I3. Since he/she can at most spend $20, his/her budget constraint can be described by the budget line BB’. Suppose now that his/her income level increases from $20 to $40. How could we derive the new budget line? Note that prices of X1 and X2 are still $1. If you spend all amount of this $40 to X1, he can now buy 40 units of this good (depicted by Point C’ in Figure 2.2). Likewise, allocating all $40 to X2 allows him/her to buy 40 units of X2 (depicted by Point C). If an individual’s income level increases but relative prices don’t change, the budget line will shift outward and the gradient of the budget line unchanges. With this new budget line CC’ or new budget constraint (income ( to $40), the individual will choose the bundle at which the MRS of X2 for good X1 is equal to the gradient of CC’. Using the above analysis, when the...
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...target for the United Kingdom is defined in terms of the CPI measure of inflation. From April 2011, the CPI is also being used for the indexation of benefits, tax credits and public service pensions. The CPI is an internationally comparable measure of inflation and is used to compare inflation rates across the European Union. • • • • • • • • The all items CPI is 121.1, down from 121.7 in December. The all items CPI annual rate is 3.6%, down from 4.2% in December. The annual rate for CPI excluding indirect taxes, CPIY, is 3.6%, up from 2.8% last month. The annual rate for CPI at constant tax rates, CPI-CT, is 3.4%, up from 2.6% last month. The CPI all goods index is 117.1, down from 117.8 in December. The CPI all goods index annual rate is 3.5%, down from 4.2% last month. The CPI all services index is 126.0, down from 126.5 in December. The CPI all services index annual rate is 3.6%, down from 4.2% last month. Retail Prices Index (RPI) The RPI is used for a variety of purposes including indexation of index-linked gilts. Historically the RPI has also been used for indexation of pensions and state benefits. • • • • • • • • • • • The all items RPI is...
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... by Eric A. Hanushek, John F. Kain, Jacob M. Markman, and Steven G. Rivkin* December 1999 Abstract Empirical analysis of peer effects on student achievement has been limited, and what exists has been open to question because of the difficulties of identifying peer effects per se. Our strategy to identify peer group effects involves the elimination of problems introduced by unmeasured or mismeasured influences on achievement through the estimation of achievement growth models with fixed individual and school-by-grade effects. Our basic estimation of elementary school achievement growth indicates that the achievement level and racial composition of peers has a direct influence on achievement. All students appear to benefit from having higher achieving schoolmates, although the effect is quite small. The variance in achievement appears to have no systematic influence, and the effects of mean differences in peer achievement levels are roughly constant across quartiles of the achievement distribution – suggesting that ability grouping policies have primary influence on the distribution of performance and not the level. Moreover, ceteris paribus schools with higher concentrations of minority students lead to lower achievement for Black students but minimal effects on whites or Hispanics. Paper prepared for the Conference on Empirics of Social Interactions Brookings Institution January 14-15, 2000 *...
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...ALL ASSIGNMENTS ENG 115 To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/ALLASSIGNMENTSENG115/1832 contact us at: help@mindblows.us ENG 115 ASSIGNMENTS ENG 115 Writing Assignment 1 Summary of On Becoming a Writer ENG 115 Assignment 3.1 Determining Causes and Effects – Draft Version ENG 115 Industrialization After the Civil War Final Paper ENG 115 The Public Needs to Know ALL ASSIGNMENTS ENG 115 To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/ALLASSIGNMENTSENG115/1832 contact us at: help@mindblows.us ENG 115 ASSIGNMENTS ENG 115 Writing Assignment 1 Summary of On Becoming a Writer ENG 115 Assignment 3.1 Determining Causes and Effects – Draft Version ENG 115 Industrialization After the Civil War Final Paper ENG 115 The Public Needs to Know ALL ASSIGNMENTS ENG 115 To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/ALLASSIGNMENTSENG115/1832 contact us at: help@mindblows.us ENG 115 ASSIGNMENTS ENG 115 Writing Assignment 1 Summary of On Becoming a Writer ENG 115 Assignment 3.1 Determining Causes and Effects – Draft Version ENG 115 Industrialization After the Civil War Final Paper ENG 115 The Public Needs to Know ALL ASSIGNMENTS ENG 115 To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://mindsblow.us/question_des/ALLASSIGNMENTSENG115/1832 contact us at: help@mindblows.us ENG 115 ASSIGNMENTS ENG 115 Writing Assignment 1 Summary of On Becoming a Writer ENG 115 Assignment 3.1 Determining Causes...
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...Introductions of bullwhip effect According to Lee et al. (1997b) there is a phenomenon that the variance of orders may be larger than that of sales, and the distortion tends to increase as one moves upstream which is called bullwhip effect. It is a distortion in the sharing of information from downstream to upstream in the whole supply chain system; the effects can propagates the enterprise’s marketing, logistic and manufacture. Despite There are lots of factors 9 which could affect the efficiency of supply chain, like organization structure, channel of information, geographical distribution, industry characteristics etc., the bullwhip effect is still one of the most deep-rooted influence factor for the whole system. You cannot find another such kind of element like the bullwhip effect which could affect all parts of the whole supply chain system. No matter what kind of industry the firm are, what place does the firm in or how hard does the firm try by its own, the processes inside of the firm from producing plan to all kind of inventory must be all influenced by the bullwhip effect and hard to avoid. That is why the bullwhip effect is one of the most deep-rooted influence factor. QUESTION 1 (A) Discuss the term “bullwhip effect” and its causes. The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which forecasts yield supply chain inefficiencies. It refers to increasing swings in inventory in response to shifts in customer demand as you move further up the supply...
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...Cause and Effect Analysis Identifying the Likely Causes of Problems (Also known as Cause and Effect Diagrams, Fishbone Diagrams, Ishikawa Diagrams, Herringbone Diagrams, and Fishikawa Diagrams.) Find all possible problems. © iStockphoto/ragsac When you have a serious problem, it's important to explore all of the things that could cause it, before you start to think about a solution. That way you can solve the problem completely, first time round, rather than just addressing part of it and having the problem run on and on. Cause and Effect Analysis gives you a useful way of doing this. This diagram-based technique, which combines Brainstorming with a type of Mind Map, pushes you to consider all possible causes of a problem, rather than just the ones that are most obvious. We'll look at Cause and Effect Analysis in this article. About the Tool Cause and Effect Analysis was devised by professor Kaoru Ishikawa, a pioneer of quality management, in the 1960s. The technique was then published in his 1990 book, "Introduction to Quality Control." The diagrams that you create with Cause and Effect Analysis are known as Ishikawa Diagrams or Fishbone Diagrams (because a completed diagram can look like the skeleton of a fish). Cause and Effect Analysis was originally developed as a quality control tool, but you can use the technique just as well in other ways. For instance, you can use it to: * Discover the root cause of a problem. * Uncover bottlenecks in your processes...
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.........................................................................................3 1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process.................................................3 1.4 Definitions/Glossary...............................................................................................6 2.0 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EIA.................................................................8 2.1 General....................................................................................................................8 2.2 Study Boundaries and Scope of Factors.................................................................8 2.3 Prediction of Environmental Effects.......................................................................9 2.4 Cumulative Environmental Effects.........................................................................10 2.5 Mitigation, Contingency and Compensation..........................................................10 2.6 Commitment to Monitoring and Follow-Up...........................................................11 2.7 Public, Stakeholder and Aboriginal Community Consultation..............................13 2.8 Terms of Reference (TOR).....................................................................................14 3.0 CONDUCT OF THE STUDY AND CONTENT OF REPORT......................................20 3.1 Project Description - Scope of...
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...the Bullwhip Effect Termpaper for International Logistics WS14/15 Lecturer: Christian Deckert Johannes Wolff BA13, International Business , International Trade 1132214046 Table of Contents List of Figures ii 1. Introduction 1 2. The Bullwhip Effect as a Supply Chain Phenomenon 1 2.1. Managing the Supply Chain 1 2.2. The Bullwhip Effect as Supply Chain Dynamics 2 2.3. The Bullwhip Effect as an Inevitable Consequence of Supply Relations—The Beer Game 3 2.4. The Reasons for the Bullwhip Effect 3 2.5. Studying the Bullwhip Effect in Data 5 3. Formal Analysis of the Bullwhip Effect 7 3.1. Models Based on Serially Correlated Demand 7 3.2. Measuring the Effect of Transparency 8 4. Mitigating the Bullwhip Effect 8 4.1. Information Policy 8 4.2. Reducing Lead Time 8 4.3. Collaboration of Retailers 9 5. Summary 9 References 10 Appendix 12 List of Figures Figure 1: Order fluctuations in the beer supply chain 12 1. Introduction The US-American telecommunications company CISCO depreciated 2.25 million US dollars in the third quarter of 2001 due to excess stock (Beer, 2014, p. 1). According to Beer (2014, p. 3.) the bullwhip effect is the probably most important reason for this depreciation. The bullwhip effect affects production and leads to a shortage of stocks or excess stocks, drops in sales, increases inventory costs and instability of planning (Beer, 2014, p. 3). Productivity losses due to the bullwhip effect are between 10...
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...edu/arc How Do I Write a Cause-Effect Essay? Your mission, should you choose to accept it (and since your composition grade hangs in the balance, the ARC’s advice is to accept it enthusiastically), is to write a cause-effect essay. You’ll need a thesis, of course, but before you can develop one, you’ll need to establish a few cause-effect parameters. 1. What effect or effects will you be analyzing in the essay? 2. What causal chain leads to the effect? 3. What primary cause (also known as the main cause, or necessary cause, or first cause) is the basis for the causal chain, and thus, the basis for the effect? (It’s imperative to establish a causal chain, but it’s not enough. There can be more than one chain; there can be more than one effect; but there should only be one primary cause.) 4. What relationship will you be trying to establish between cause and effect (your topic), and why (your thesis) ? Causes ü First, of course, there is the primary cause. This is the necessary cause without which the effect could not occur; it’s the first link in any causal chains that follows. ü Then there are the sufficient causes, which by themselves might produce the effect you’ve chosen to discuss in your paper, yet still find their root farther back along the chain in the primary cause. Example: Say that your topic is the causes for the effect of roommate feuds. • Contributing causes might be sloppiness, bad music, and staying up all night. • Trace that back a bit further...
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...Magic: The Gathering Comprehensive Rules These rules are effective as of July 17, 2015. Introduction This document is designed for people who’ve moved beyond the basics of the Magic: The Gathering® game. If you’re a beginning Magic™ player, you’ll probably find these rules intimidating. They’re intended to be the ultimate authority for the game, and you won’t usually need to refer to them except in specific cases or during competitive games. For casual play and most ordinary situations, you’ll find what you need in the Magic: The Gathering basic rules. You can download a copy of the basic rules PDF from the Wizards of the Coast® Magic rules website at Magic.Wizards.com/EN/Rules. If you’re sure this is where you want to be, keep reading. This document includes a series of numbered rules followed by a glossary. Many of the numbered rules are divided into subrules, and each separate rule and subrule of the game has its own number. (Note that subrules skip the letters “l” and “o” due to potential confusion with the numbers “1” and “0”; subrule 704.5k is followed by 704.5m, then 704.5n, then 704.5p, for example.) We at Wizards of the Coast recognize that no matter how detailed the rules, situations will arise in which the interaction of specific cards requires a precise answer. If you have questions, you can get the answers from us at Wizards.com/CustomerService. Additional contact information is on the last page of these rules. In response to play issues and to...
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...Tekken’s F1 Ultimate FX Mapping v2.1 This mapping can be used beside the default Kontrol F1 mapping. All the controls of the Remix Decks are still available. You can change between this effect mapping and the default F1 mapping with the buttons "Shift" + "Browse" anytime. Installation: 1. Load the .nckf1 file into the Native Instruments controller editor (not the controller editor in Traktor): Open the editor and choose your F1. Then click “edit” on the right side and append the .nckf1 file. 2. Backup your own Traktor controller mappings (if necessary), because they will be overwritten in the next step. Use the "Export" button in the preferences. 3. Load the .tsi file into the Traktor controller editor (not the Native Instruments controller editor) with the BIG “Import” button (at the bottom of the Traktor preferences). A window opens and you have to select both available boxes. It is important to do this import twice. Now eight new Tekken midi mappings should be in the Traktor controller editor (in the preferences under “Device”). Click each of these mappings and check if the “In-Port” and “Out-Port” are set to your Kontrol F1. 4. In the Traktor preferences, in the “Traktor Kontrol F1” tab, switch the “MIDI Mode Type” to “MIDI Mode”. 5. Restore your own controller mappings from step 2 (if necessary). Now use the SMALL "Import" button. (Traktor Preferences -> Controller Manager -> Add... -> Import) 6. Activate the mapping (see “Usage” below). 7. If there is a problem...
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...Special Effects Technicians make the wonderful graphics that you see in some of your favorite movies. For example, Superman flies and breaks threw buildings, this is the work of special effects technicians along on with all of the rest of his powers they do the work to make these effects look real. What is really happening is that they take a group of special effects technicians to create these special effects. They play a huge role in the filmmaking business that leads to a great turn out in most movies you have seen. Special Effects illusions that brings things in life can be simple or really creative like a bear drinking a popular soda. For you to get there you have to do a lot of grunt work for other special effects technicians, and or...
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...Insomnia, schizophrenia, and high blood pressure, doing drugs can lead to all of these. Drugs are very bad for you and your body, I don't think that a lot of people know the side effects of the drugs they are taking because they are so focused on the high. Three drugs that are very well known are marijuana, meth, and ecstacy, these all have effects on your body that not a lot of people know about or consider when taking these drugs. The more that people know about side effects, the more they will think about the drugs they are taking before they take them. The main drug that also the most popular is marijuana, it has a lot of different side effects that not a lot of people consider at all before taking the drug. Like cigarettes, marijuana...
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