...Brand Equity Aims Ø Three Types of Brand Equity Ø What are they? Ø How to create and measure? 1 Brand Excels at Delivering Benefits Customers Truly Desire Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree Brand Stays Relevant Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree 2 Brand is Properly Positioned Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree Brand is Consistent Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree Brand Managers Understand what the Brand Means to Consumers Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree 3 Brand Equity Brand Equity: 3 Approaches 1. Customer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) 2. Financial Brand Equity 3. Employer Brand Equity CBBE Customer-based Brand Equity: Differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand 4 Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) Model Consumer Response to Marketing Brand Knowledge Differential Effect Brand Equity arises from differences in CONSUMER response What CONSUMERS learn, felt, seen, heard, experienced over time Reflected in CONSUMER perceptions, preferences, and behavior related to all aspects of the marketing of a brand The Brand is in the Mind of the Customer • What do I know about it? • What do I feel towards it? • What was it like to use? How does a Crow count? 5 Brand Identity “Brand identity is a unique set of associations the brand strategist aspires to create or maintain. These associations represent what the brand stands for and imply a promise...
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...Global Product Quality and Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions: A Cross-National Study of Halo Effects Thomas J. Madden, Martin S. Roth, and William R. Dillon ABSTRACT Attribute ratings often contain a holistic or global impression of the brand, commonly referred to as “halo.” A halo response can occur when perceptions of a brand’s performance on an attribute are influenced by performance percep- tions on another attribute or by a global impression of the brand. Using cross-national survey data from consumers in Argentina, China, Spain, and the United States, the authors examine the extent to which a halo response introduces bias to product quality and corporate social responsibility perceptions of competing brands. The findings show that halo is more pervasive for product quality than for corporate social responsibility associations, varies across brands and markets, and is strongly related to brand recommendations. Examining cross-national brand performance and halo perceptions can help international marketing managers understand key perceptual similarities and differences between and across markets, which can inform strategic considerations such as whether to pursue global, panregional, or national branding, positioning, and advertising strategies. Keywords: constrained components analysis, associative network models, automatic activation theory, branding and brand management, marketing standardization/adaptation, corporate social responsibility The strategic importance...
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...MKT-429: Chapter 2 CUSTOMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY Customer-based brand equity: Past experience-Marketing Activity- Word of Mouth The CBBE is formally defined as the differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand. The Power of a brand lies in what resides in the mind of customers. ▪ Differential effect-How customer react about the name ▪ Brand knowledge-Consumer has learned, felt, seen and heard ▪ Consumer response to marketing-Recall, actions in sales promotion, evaluation of extensions Marketing advantages of strong brands (Figure 2.1) ▪ Greater loyalty ▪ Less vulnerability to competitive marketing actions ▪ Improved perceptions of product performance ▪ Less vulnerability to marketing crises ▪ Larger margins ▪ More inelastic consumer response to price increases ▪ More elastic consumer response to price decreases ▪ Greater trade cooperation and support ▪ Increased marketing communication effectiveness ▪ Possible licensing opportunities ▪ Additional brand extension opportunities Brand equity as a bridge: a) Brands as a reflection of the past: b) Brands as direction for the future: FIGURE 2-2 MAKING A BRAND STRONG: BRAND KNOWLEDGE Associative network memory model: The associative network memory model views memory as consisting of a network of nodes and connecting links ❑ Nodes represent stored information or concepts ❑ Links...
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...Do logo redesigns help or hurt your brand? The role of brand commitment Michael F. Walsh West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Karen Page Winterich Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, and Vikas Mittal Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA Abstract Purpose – Logos are a critical component of brand aesthetics. Frequently companies redesign their logos, and many redesigns result in more rounded logos. How do such redesigns affect consumers’ brand attitudes? The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of brand commitment on consumer response to logo shape redesign. Design/methodology/approach – This research uses a field experiment with 632 respondents and examines two athletic shoe brands: New Balance and Adidas. Findings – The greater the degree of change in the roundedness of a previously angular logo, the more likely it is that strongly committed consumers will evaluate the redesigned logo more negatively (in terms of brand attitude). Such logo evaluations, in turn, mediate the joint effect of logo redesign and commitment on overall brand attitude. Conversely, weakly committed consumers react positively to such changes. Research limitations/implications – The literature on aesthetics and brand attitude are combined to show that not all consumers view changes in brand elements such as logos similarly. Strongly committed consumers view these changes negatively; weakly committed consumers view them positively. An information-processing...
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...advertising and its influence on consumer buying behavior Zain-Ul-Abideen (Corresponding Author) Department of Management Sciences, Abbasia Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. E-mail: zuabideen@gmail.com Salman Saleem Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mail: salmankhan302@gmail.com Abstract Advertising is a form of communication intended to convince an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, information, or services etc. This paper investigates the relationship between independent variables which are environmental response and emotional response with attitudinal and behavioral aspect of consumer buying behavior, by tapping the responses of 200 respondents using telecommunication services from Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Lahore (cities of Pakistan). The major findings of the study demonstrate an overall normal association between the variables but in-depth analysis found that emotional response of consumer purchase behavior is the variable that results into strong association with the consumer buying behavior. It is true that people purchase those brands with which they are emotionally attached. This study reports new evidences in the field of consumer buying behavior of consumers pertaining to the local markets of these cities of Pakistan. Keywords: Environmental response, Emotional response, Consumer buying behavior. 1. Introduction...
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...measuring BRAND EQUITY AIR UNIVERSIT | ABSTRACTThis report measures the brand equity of AIR University through Aaker Model of customer Based Brand Equity. According to our findings Air University does not have a strong CBBE. SUBMITTED BYSANA ARSHAD 01-122141-023ANZA MAHER 01-122141-003ATA UL HASSAN 01-122141-004SONIA BUTT 01-122141-035MARYA ZAMAN 01-122141-012SUBMITTED TOSIR MALIK HUSNAIN | | | measuring BRAND EQUITY AIR UNIVERSIT | ABSTRACTThis report measures the brand equity of AIR University through Aaker Model of customer Based Brand Equity. According to our findings Air University does not have a strong CBBE. SUBMITTED BYSANA ARSHAD 01-122141-023ANZA MAHER 01-122141-003ATA UL HASSAN 01-122141-004SONIA BUTT 01-122141-035MARYA ZAMAN 01-122141-012SUBMITTED TOSIR MALIK HUSNAIN | | | STRATEGIC MARKETING Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 9 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS 11 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 16 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 19 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The concept of brand equity become widely used at the beginning of the eighties mainly in agency measure (inter brand Coopers and Laybrand, Arthur young Austria). Since the conference organized by the marketing science institute in 1988, the concept has been more precisely defined.an article by the...
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...Chapter 2 Customer-Based Brand Equity Overview This chapter defines the concept that is the focus of the book. Customer-based brand equity (CBBE) is the differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand. Brand knowledge is a function of awareness, which relates to consumers’ ability to recognize or recall the brand, and image, which consists of consumers’ perceptions of and associations for the brand. Building awareness requires repeatedly exposing consumers to the brand as well as linking the brand in consumer memory to its product category and to purchase, usage and consumption situations. Creating a positive brand image requires establishing strong, favorable and unique associations for the brand. The chapter outlines the important contribution of brand knowledge to brand equity. Brand knowledge is composed of brand awareness, which is itself a function of recognition and recall, and brand image, which reflects the associations consumers hold for the brand in memory. Brand awareness is important because 1) it is a necessary condition for inclusion in the set of brands being considered for purchase, 2) in low-involvement decision settings it can be a sufficient condition for choice, and 3) it influences the nature and strength of associations that comprise the brand image. Awareness can be heightened by increasing consumer exposure to the brand and by linking the brand to product category, consumption and usage...
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...Journal of Marketing Communications Vol. 15, Nos. 2 – 3, April– July 2009, 139–155 Building strong brands in a modern marketing communications environment Kevin Lane Keller* E.B. Osborn Professor of Marketing, Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, 100 Tuck Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA To help marketers to build and manage their brands in a dramatically changing marketing communications environment, the customer-based brand equity model that emphasizes the importance of understanding consumer brand knowledge structures is put forth. Specifically, the brand resonance pyramid is reviewed as a means to track how marketing communications can create intense, active loyalty relationships and affect brand equity. According to this model, integrating marketing communications involves mixing and matching different communication options to establish the desired awareness and image in the minds of consumers. The versatility of on-line, interactive marketing communications to marketers in brand building is also addressed. Keywords: customer-based brand equity; brand resonance; brand building; integrated marketing communications; interactive marketing communications Introduction The marketing communications environment has changed enormously from what it was 50, 30 or perhaps even as few as 10 years ago. Technology and the Internet are fundamentally changing the way the world interacts and communicates. At the same time, branding has become a key marketing priority for most companies...
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...similar. This similarity is not only from the sameness in the physical brand element but also in the symbolic value proposition offered to the market. In this situation marketers are searching for alternative method of branding for creating sustainable competitive advantage. Co-branding as an alternative branding proposition is fast making grounds due to various factors. The opening of Indian economy with spate of entries by multinationals makes it evident that the Indian consumer is going to face lot of products with co branding options. This paper looks in to the psychological principles of co-branding strategy and highlights the potential benefits and dangers of co-branding strategy as a brand building alternative in Indian Market. Key Words: Co-Branding, Classical conditioning, Conditioned stimulus, branding strategy, brand association, ingredient co-branding, joint venture co-branding, multiple sponsor co-branding. Introduction There are various strategic options available to a marketer for building a strong brand in the market place. Brand image building is a long term process and three key issues need attention to make a brand distinct from other products or brands in the same product categories. It is difficult to develop a long term one way strategy for a brand and make it a success in the market place today due to 1 sameness in the market. The market is flooded with products or brands with similar physical features and value promises and to make the...
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...Chapter 8 – Developing a brand equity measurement and management system * Indirect approach: assess potential sources of CBBE by identifying and tracking consumers’ brand knowledge. * Direct approach: assess the actual impact of brand knowledge on consumer response to different aspects of the marketing program. * Brand equity measurement system: set of research procedures designed to provide marketers with timely, accurate, and actionable info about brands so they can make the best possible tactical decisions in the short run and strategic decisions in the long run. * New accountability- return of marketing investment. * Measuring the long-term value of marketing in terms of both its full short term and long-term impact on consumers is crucial for accurately assessing ROI. Brand Audits * Brand audit: a comprehensive examination of a brand to discover its sources of brand equity. Assesses the health of the brand, and suggests ways to improve and leverage its equity. * 2 steps in a brand audit: brand inventory and brand exploratory. * Marketing audit: comprehensive systematic, independent and periodic examination of a company’s marketing environment, objectives, strategies, and activities with a view of determining problem areas and opportunities and recommending a plan of action to improve the company’s marketing performance. * Brand inventory: provides a current profile of how all the products and services sold by a company are marketed...
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...Chapter 1 BRAND POSITIONING MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 2 BRAND RESONANCE MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 3 BRAND VALUE CHAIN MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 B R A N D P L A N N I N G 5 INTRODUCTION Great brands are no accidents. They are a result of thoughtful and imaginative planning. Anyone building or managing a brand must carefully develop and implement creative brand strategies. To aid in that planning, three tools or models are helpful. Like the famous Russian nesting “matrioshka” dolls, the three models are inter-connected and become larger and increasing in scope: The first model is a component into the second model; the second model, in turn, is a component into the third model. Combined, the three models provide crucial micro and macro perspectives to successful brand building. Specifically, the three models are as follows, to be described in more detail below: 1. Brand positioning model describes how to establish competitive advantages in the minds of customers in the marketplace; 2. Brand resonance model describes how to create intense, activity loyalty relationships with customers; and 3. Brand value chain...
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...T.C. MARMARA ÜN VERS TES SOSYAL B L MLER ENST TÜSÜ ŞLETME ANAB L M DALI ÜRET M YÖNET M VE PAZARLAMA ( NG) B L M DALI THE EFFECT OF BRANDING ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION: A STUDY IN TURKISH APPAREL INDUSTRY Yüksek Lisans Tezi ŞULE DEM R stanbul, 2008 MARMARA ÜN VERS TES SOSYAL B L MLER ENST TÜSÜ ŞLETME ( NG) ANAB L M DALI ÜRET M YÖNET M VE PAZARLAMA ( NG) B L M DALI THE EFFECT OF BRANDING ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION: A STUDY IN TURKISH APPAREL INDUSTRY Yüksek Lisans Tezi ŞULE DEM R Danışman: YRD. DOÇ.DR. A. MÜGE YALÇIN stanbul, 2008 GENEL B LG LER sim ve Soyadı Anabilim Dalı Programı Tez Danışmanı Tez Türü ve Tarihi : Şule DEM R : şletme : Üretim Yönetimi ve Pazarlama ( ng.) : Yrd. Doç.Dr. A. Müge YALÇIN : Yüksek Lisans - Temmuz 2008 Anahtar Kelimeler : Marka Çağrışımları, Marka Öğeleri, Marka Değeri, Giyim Sektörü, Tekstil Sektörü, Markaya Karşı Tutum, Satın Alma Niyeti ÖZET MARKANIN TÜKET C SATIN ALMA N YET NE ETK S : TÜRKIYE G Y M SEKTÖRÜ ÜZER NDE B R ARAŞTIRMA Bu çalışma, Türkiye hazır giyim sektöründeki marka çağrışımları ve marka öğeleri ile satın alma niyeti arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Bu amaçla, marka çağrışımları ve marka öğelerinin 1980 – 1990 yılları arasında doğan gençlerin satın alma niyeti ile ilişkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın çerçevesini belirlemeden önce Türkiye hazır giyim sektörünün durumu ve 1980 – 1990 arasında doğan gençlerin eğilimlerini saptayabilmek amacıyla literature araştırması yapılmıştır...
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...CONSIDERATIONS OF BRAND COMMUNICATIONS IN BRANDING: ADVERTISING, BRAND ELEMENTS, ONLINE ACTIVITIES Mémoire en vue de l’obtention du Diplôme De Master II ès Sciences de Gestion Soutenu par: Mojtaba Jebreili & Dirigé par: Professeur Damien Bo Advisor: Professeur Camelia Akbari Année universitaire: 2009-2010 0 Acknowledgment First of all I want to direct my thanks to my supervisor, doctor Damien Bo and appreciate him for useful feedbacks. Secondly I appreciate my advisor, doctor Camelia Akbari for her useful comments. Finally I would like to thank my family and special thanks to my dear wife who supported me during conducting this thesis just as always. University of Nice 2010 Mojtaba Jebreili i Abstract Brand is a very important element in today's life. Brand management has become a serious task for marketing and branding departments in all firms. While branding is a comprehensive issue dealing with all parts of a company, there are some branding tasks which are specifically accomplished by marketing and branding departments or branding companies. One of these tasks is brand communications consisting of the selection and design of brand elements, advertising and online branding. This thesis focuses on a qualitative review of different aspects of brand communications, while discussing their role in branding. The main questions in this thesis are the role and considerations of brand elements, advertising and online activities in building brand equity. The findings...
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...BRANDS AND BRANDING: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES Kevin Lane Keller Tuck School of Business Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755 (603) 646-0393 (o) (603) 646-1308 (f) kevin.keller@dartmouth.edu Donald R. Lehmann Graduate School of Business Columbia University 507 Uris Hall 3022 Broadway New York, NY 10027 (212) 854-3465 (o) (212) 854-8762 (f) drl2@columbia.edu August 2004 Revised February 2005 Second Revision May 2005 Thanks to Kathleen Chattin from Intel Corporation and Darin Klein from Microsoft Corporation, members of the Marketing Science Institute Brands and Branding Steering Group, and participants at the Marketing Science Institute Research Generation Conference and 2004 AMA Doctoral Consortium for helpful feedback and suggestions. BRANDS AND BRANDING: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES ABSTRACT Branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade due to the growing realization that brands are one of the most valuable intangible assets that firms have. Driven in part by this intense industry interest, academic researchers have explored a number of different brand-related topics in recent years, generating scores of papers, articles, research reports, and books. This paper identifies some of the influential work in the branding area, highlighting what has been learned from an academic perspective on important topics such as brand positioning, brand integration, brand equity measurement, brand growth...
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...Designing and Implementing Brand Architecture Strategies DEVELOPING A BRAND ARCHITECTURE STRATEGY Definition: Brand Strategy/Brand Architecture tells marketers which brand name, logos, symbols and so forth to apply to new and existing products. Brand Architecture: It describes both brand breath or boundaries and its depth or complexity The Role of Brand Architecture: * To clarify brand awareness: Improve consumer understanding and communicate similarity and differences between individual products and services. * To improve brand image: Maximize transfer of equity between the brand and individual products and services to improve trial and repeat purchase. 3 Steps of Developing a brand architecture strategy: Step 1: Defining Brand Potential Define the brand potential by considering three important characteristics (1) the brand vision, (2) brand boundaries, (3) brand positioning. Articulating Brand vision: * Brand vision = Management view of brands long-term potential * Influenced by: * how well the firm is able to recognize the current and passive future brand equity. * Many firms have latent brand equity * that is never realized because the firms are unable or unwilling to consider all that the brand could and should become. * A good brand vision has a foot in present and future * Brand vision needs to be aspirational * so has room to grow and improve * Fundamentally brand visions relates the higher order...
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