...Basic concepts in nursing science School of Nursing Medical University March, 2005 Introduction 1. Definition of nursing science 2. Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing practice (1) Human being (2) Environment (3) Health (4) Nursing Human being 1. The human being is a uniform whole （entirety） (1) Concept of a whole (2) The uniform whole of human being 1) Physiological 2) Psychological 3) Social 4) Spiritual 5) Cultural 3. The human being is an open system (open whole) (1) Close system (2) Open system 4. The scope of human being in nursing (1) Individual (2) Family (3) Community (4) Society Basic goal of human being: To maintain the balance of organism 1) Balance among subsystems of an organism 2) Balance between organism and its environment (internal environment and external environment) 2. Basic need of human being (1) Definition of basic need 1) Need 2) Basic need of human being (2) Types of basic need 1) Physiological need 2) Social need 3) Affective need 4) Cognitive need 5) Spiritual need (3) Characteristics of basic need 1) Approximately same basic need 2) The importance of each need for each person is different 3) All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive (4) Factors that affect meeting needs ...
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...insufficient to provide basic needs. Lack of control over resources, lack of education and poor health. There is a multidimensional component which may cause one to lack the ability to care for the basic needs for themselves as well as their families. Poverty can cause alienation and be very distressing. On a very concerning level are the indirect effects of poverty on the development and ones continued wellbeing in regards to emotional, behavioral and psychiatric problems. Measurement of poverty is based on income and consumption levels. People are considered poor if their consumption or income levels fall below the poverty line. The poverty line is the minimum level necessary to meet basic needs (Townsend, 1979). B. Analyze the social problem. According to article (Poverty, social inequality and mental health, 2004, para2). Poverty and social inequality have direct and indirect effects on the social, mental, and physical wellbeing of an individual or group of people. Income inequality produces psychological and psychosocial stress. This stress will trickle down and may cause increased health problems and an influx in mortality rates over time in these lower socioeconomic classes. This is caused by a lack in community investment in the social and physical infrastructure (Wilkinson, 1996). The effects of income inequality also trickle down into society. This trickle effect may cause increased stress, frustration, and cause families to lose their cohesiveness, which...
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...beings and the environment, analyse how pro-environmental behaviour helps to deal with environmental stressors, explain the causes and consequences of social problems from a psychological perspective, and learn about the possible remedies of problems such as poverty, aggression, and health. CONTENTS Introduction Human-Environment Relationship Different Views of the Human-Environment Relationship The Bishnois and the Chipko Movement (Box 8.1) Environmental Effects on Human Behaviour Human Influence on the Environment Noise Pollution Crowding Natural Disasters Promoting Pro-environmental Behaviour Psychology and Social Concerns Poverty and Discrimination Aggression, Violence, and Peace Key Terms Mahatma Gandhi on Non-violence : Why Does Summary Non-violence Work (Box 8.2) Review Questions Health Project Ideas Impact of Television on Behaviour Weblinks Pedagogical Hints 152 Psychology Introduction In the previous two chapters, you read about some topics related to social behaviour and groups. We will now reflect on a set of social concerns with a wider scope, which are linked to each other and involve psychological aspects. These issues have to be understood and resolved at the level of the community rather than the individual. It is now known that besides affecting our physical health, the environment also influences our psychological processes and behaviour. Human beings also influence the environment through their behaviour, and some of these effects are demonstrated...
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...Policy Making Abstract Health is said to be universally important. The word health has been defined differently by many. The first of many definition was given by WHO better known as (World Health Organization), they defined health as the “Complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WH0, 1948). There are several more, just to name a few, Bircher, 2005, said that health is “the dynamic state of well-being characterized by a physical and mental potential. The second and last definition was given by Saracci Radolfol in 1997 defined health as “a condition of well-being, free of disease or infirmity, and a base universe and human rights.” Health seems to be defined differently by many, but when it all comes to a head it means the same thing. Introduction This paper today will be discussing the following things about health and they are listed below; 1. Discussing ways in which society is conceptualized by a society, 2.What are the determinant of health in human, 3. What is the connection between how society defines health and how it pursues health, 4. Has increase access to technology changed that perception over the last decade and 5. Discussing the connection between health policies, health determinants, and health. Discuss ways in which health can be conceptualized by a society. There are several ways that health can be conceptualized by a society, and here are a few ways of Health is frequently conceptualized alike...
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...30, 2012 Writing 122 Kristy Bryant-Berg Negative Effects of GMO’s The age of technology is upon us. In fact, the United States is so deeply entrenched in technology that our lives will be influenced and changed forever because of the technology revolution. Technological advancements come at us so quickly in the United States that we barely have time to absorb and understand the changes before the next changes are upon us. One of the most recent technological advancements is the development of GMO’s, or Genetically Modified Organisms. GMO’s are being used to develop our crops and everyday food, causing many consumers to worry about the effects of GMO’s on our health, environment, and our ecosystem. Questions are being raised as to whether GMO technologies have more negative or positive effects both now and in the future. The use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’S) in our crops is more detrimental than it is beneficial because GMO’s have possible negative environmental and health impacts and the consequences of using GMO’s is unknown and unpredicted. The benefits of using Genetically Modified Organism’s in our crops do not compare with the possible detrimental impacts on our environment and ecosystem, health, and the future of our planet. The use of GMO’s in food production is creating major environmental concerns both to the FDA and consumers. Unknown and unstudied chemicals that are being put into our environment with the GMO’s leave us uncertain about the damage being...
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...Environmental Fundamentals Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you discuss the fundamental principles of environment science. In your paper, answer the following questions: • How do you define environmental science? Environmental science is the study of how humans interact with the environment. Environmental science is the study of the interaction of the living and non-living components of the environment with special emphasis on the impact of humans on these components. Environmental science is a very dynamic area of research and involves many different fields of study. (Hartwick College, 2013) These other study areas include biology, ecology, geology, chemistry, physic, engineering, math, computer science and other sciences that work together to keep the world moving forward. • How does the relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today's society? Science and technology have been and will be ways to study the environment and the issues that are occurring including climate change, pollution and the reduction in natural resources. Over the past thirty years scientist have studied air pollution and how it is affect the environment which has led to new technology to monitor air quality. Also science and technology have developed new engines and manufacturing plants that reduce pollution back into the environment. Automobiles produce lower volumes of carbon dioxide then they did thirty years ago because technology was...
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...consequences for participating as a consumer or supplier are grave. This illegality has adverse effects on modern society’s health, economy and safety that would easily be alleviated in the event of the decriminalization of prostitution and the legalization of regulated brothel prostitution: Prostitutes face a real health risk due to the criminalization. According to Steffanie A. Strathdee and colleagues from her article “Dispelling Myths about Sex Workers and HIV” in the medical journal The Lancet. …sex workers face substantial barriers in accessing prevention, treatment, and care services… because of stigma, discrimination, and criminalization.” and “illegality of sex work creates barriers to sex workers seeking HIV prevention… due to fear of authorities. This fear of authorities is a significant barrier for prostitutes for many reasons and includes prostitute’s unfortunate avoidance to condom use. “Police harassment, [the] arrest of sex workers for carrying condoms [and] the use of condoms as evidence of sex work”(Strathdee et al. 5) are deterrents to many sex workers seeking to use STI preventative methods. These barriers and the absence of condom use have caused high rates of HIV and other STIs in the United States, Indonesia and Africa.(Strathdee et al. 3). If prostitution were to become legalized then it could be properly regulated and only permitted in safe and health environments such as...
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... Effects of alcohol in the society Introduction Alcoholism has proved time and time again to be a real problem in the society. Since the early ages, individuals who were known to excessively indulge in the drinking of alcohol were known to be the least productive in the society. The effects of alcohol take a toll on the society leaving the people frustrated and devastated in the long run. Alcohol is known to affect not only the health of the users but also the health of others (Goode 55). A good illustration is if a drunk driver gets behind the wheel in an intoxicated state he poses danger to the lives of the passengers in the instance they are involved in an accident. Thousands of people end up losing their lives as a result of engaging in drunk driving. An equally large number of people have been left maimed and permanently scarred as a result of accidents resulting from drunk driving. Most of the drunk drivers tend to flee the crime scene after causing an accident and they are not held accountable for their actions. According to recent studies, drunk driving is identified as the number one killer of the youth annually (Goode 25). Additionally, an estimated thirty five percent of the total number of patients in U.S hospitals are treated of alcohol related complications. Regular alcohol consumers tend to develop health problems more often as compared to teetotalers and occasional drinkers. In the present day society, alcohol seems to have dominated...
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...A discussion of the positive and negative effects on the lignite power plant Hongsa distinct, Sayaboury province, Lao PDR. By: Tossapon Booranapornchai (Jai) Registration Number: 13038682 Class: IPE 2 Tutor’s Name: Mr. Hugh Whitby Submitted on: ‘A discussion of the positive and negative effects on the lignite power plant (Hongsa, Sayaboury Province, Lao PDR) Over the last decade, Thailand has been a continual increasing, about four percent per year, of electricity usage (Oxford Business Group, 2014). In contrast, the country’s supply would not meet with consumer’s demand purely due to lack of internal sources and therefore has had to seek other supplies from neighboring country such as Laos. The Hongsa district, Laos, has sufficient reserves of lignite to generate enough electricity for both countries and thus, since 2010, has attracted investor from both Thai private sector and the Laotian government. Hence, this is the beginning of Hongsa power plant project. Although the plant would generate many economic advantages to the people of Laos, this does not occur without criticism. Some pointed out that the large amount of coal’s burning will cause a serious detrimental effect on the local and global environment as well as creating long-term health problems for local. Therefore, there have been some suggestions, from environmental groups who concerned with the launch of this project in 2015 that should consider consequences of the action...
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...the same thing (American Psychiatric association, 2013). Substance abuse refers to the habitual non-medical substance seeking, and the substance taking behavior which is suppression or resistance through its pharmacological consequences. Substance abuse may therefore include the use of alcohol, abuse of cigarettes, food, sniffing of solvents or even the abuse of nicotine and caffeine (Nordegren, 2002). Substance abuse has been taken to generally refer to the use of hard drugs such as cocaine and marijuana. Every year, United States spends billions of dollars on increased health care cost, low productivity and increase in crimes. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, substance abuse costs United States 524 billion dollars a year of which 181 billion dollars is as a result of illicit drugs. Given the huge expense, there is therefore a need to understand the physical, social and psychological effects that substance abuse presents, analyze the factors contributing to substance abuse, examine the range of interventions used, and examine how managing substance abuse is influenced by cultural, legal, as well as political issues. Though at times substance abuse is completely something that an individual may pick from nowhere, there are some risk factors which may play a significant role in an individual’s substance abuse. These factors may be influenced by psychological, biological as well as social factors which can increase the likelihood of a person developing a chemical...
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...The Burning of Fossil Fuels GS104-Intro to Environmental Science Steven Wimberly February 05, 2013 Fossil fuels are a very important part of our society today. Natural gas, Coal, and oil are the world’s primary and most important source of energy. “90% of the energy we use in this country [USA] comes from fossil fuels.” (http://www.ucsusa.org) Unfortunately, there are costs of using these fossil fuels to run our society. Some costs are obvious such as the cost of labor, equipment and supplies needed to extract, refine and transport the fossil fuels. These costs are taken care of in electricity bills, in the price of gasoline for automobiles and other governmental and company funding. There are many other costs that are less obvious. These costs are the effects fossil fuels have on our environment and on human health. Air pollution caused by the burning of coal and oil as well as dust in mines is causing problems for human health. The environment is suffering from acid rain, global warming and water and air pollution. Many times, the costs go unpaid for and unnoticed. It is imperative that we as a society take responsibility and strive to reduce the negative effects of fossil fuels on our environment. The global warming is a major environmental issue that is caused by the use of fossil fuels. When fossil fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is emitted. It captures heat in the earth’s atmosphere. What is happening is that the more carbon dioxide emitted the warmer the...
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...number of years, the planet and its environment have strived to meet the demands of the increasing growth in populations, global warming, and altered habitats, which has produced a global impact on the sense of balance between nature and man. The struggles amongst the environment do not affect one group of individuals or living entity; the whole planets population is concerned by environmental troubles. Each living entity on the planet may affect the environment. In order for individuals to preserve the planet, assistant in resolving environmental problems, and attain sustainability of the planet as it grows, a person should know the fundamental principles of environmental science. Environmental science may be described as the study of human connections with the environment. It is the interdisciplinary subject that blends knowledge from several disciplines such as geography, biology, chemistry, physics, geology, economics, cultural anthropology, sociology (particularly demography, the study of populations), natural resource management, engineering, agriculture, law, ethics, and politics (Berg & Hager, 2009, p1.4). Science and Technology effect the Environment Science and technology affect environmental challenges and resolutions in today’s culture. Science and technology both support humanity by assisting in the advancement of new innovations for surviving, but likewise presents damaging and harmful consequences to the environment. Science and technology aided in...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Population density and noise can have many effects on individuals. Population density is the amount of people, which live in a particular area. Along with population density, comes noise; noise is typically an unwanted distraction. In this paper the subject to discuss is the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space; examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser; clarify the effect nature has on individuals living in urban environments, describe the concept of noise and examine the effect it has on individuals; and examine strategies that can be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living environment. Concepts of Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Territories are areas marked and defended by their owners and often used for life-sustaining activities (Territoriality, 2004). The most common example of a person's territory would be his or her home because one tends to personalize and defend what is theirs. A person identifies themselves with his or her territory and any threat to that territory feels like a threat to themselves (Territoriality, 2004). A person feels connected to his or her territory and sees it as a means to satisfying his or her needs within society. Privacy is the selective control of access to oneself and group (Privacy, 2004). A person has the ability to decide who to allow in his or her...
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...the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society. What are the determinants of health in humans? What is the connection between how a society defines health and how it pursues health? Has increased access to technology changed that perception over the last decade? Discuss the connection between health policies, health determinants, and health. Abstract Health policies, health determinants and health are all categories that are intertwined with one another. As technology becomes more advanced within the health industry, society’s perception on healthcare may change for the better or for the worst. And with the new technology, new policies arise. Deliberate the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society. The World Health Organization makes a concept of health in a way that a patient should be cared for in all aspects of their well-being. This not only includes the physical concepts but also the social and psychological components of their health. What this means is that society should not only conceptualize health but also pursue health in all of the areas mentioned. There are many influences to our health whether it is our beliefs, the economy, social and cultural way of living, physical environment and the circumstances that we are dealt with. With that being said, health is the basic and dynamic force that affects the way we live our life. An example of factors that impact health positivity is:...
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...of obesity. The article “the obesity Era” is one of the factor in this environment, and it will effect each other with some article about obesity. Therefore, the article by Berreby, D is an important article in this time. It not only make audiences pay attention to these new opinion, but also it can link other authors’ article in our age. For this essay, it will talk about other articles about obesity in the same time are effect or to be effect in our society. There are food environment and socioeconomic status lead to obesity rate, a summary for professional researches and current literature about obesity about the reason of obesity. Audiences will find these interesting articles about obesity is really close and relate will the Berreby’s article. Therefore, this essay will analysis some detail about these articles about obesity. First of all, by Dr. Drewnowski’s article, the food environment and socioeconomic status can exert a powerful influence on body weights and health. The Dr. Drewnowski has a report about obesity and saying: The much higher prevalence of adult obesity in the United States as compared with France can also be discussed in the context of very different social and medical systems dealing with disease prevention and health care. The present findings of a comparable SES gradient suggest that socioeconomic variables affect body weight even when the population has equal access to health care. (Drewnowski, A., Moudon, A....
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