...Inmates have a variety of ways they deal with stress. Music, recreational activities, exercising and socializing. Life is full of expectations, commitments, deadlines, frustrations and demands. People are faced with stress every day that it has become a way of life. Stress is a response to evens that make you feel threatened or upset your balance in some ways. According to Gilabert (2007:10) stress is defined as an emotional reaction occurring in the presence of certain stimuli that usually trigger the body’s coping mechanisms to face the new circumstance. Stress is caused by different factors, situations and pressure that are face by an individual. The situations and pressure that causes stress are known as stressors. Stress is not a sickness but it can have serious effects to the body. What causes stress depends, at least in part, on your perception of it (smith, et.al.2012:3). That is, if you are faced with a situation and you think of it negatively, then it will have negative effects, thus, if you look at it positively, then it will turn out to have positive effects. There are many life changes that causes stress some are positive and some are negative, however both causes stress. Negative major life changes are events such as death of a spouse, divorce, marriage pregnancy and so on. People who are faced with such problems have more pressure and worries that mostly stay with them for a very long time. The difference in stressors inside versus outside is more in the quality...
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...Using the text for this course, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources answer the following questions. Your response to each question must be at least 250 words in length. 1. What are the differences between physiological and psychological needs? Provide examples of each in your response. Answer: The differences between physiological needs and psychological needs are vast. One of the most important differences is that physiological needs are material as opposed to psychological need, which are mental and non-material in nature (Deckers, 2010). However, sometimes “psychological needs are assumed to emerge into consciousness from physiological needs (Deckers, 2010)”. The physiological needs entail the need for oxygen, water, vitamins, warmth, cool, rest, avoidance of pain, and urination among many others. In order to satisfy these needs, things like food, air, water, etc., must be provided. For example, to satisfy hunger, one would need to provide food. If the food is not provided, the person’s glucose level will become lower, they will probably suffer nausea, lightheadedness and low energy levels since the physiological needs are responsible for pushing the individual’s organism into action. Without the satisfaction of the physiological need, it is possible that the individual’s physical wellbeing would be negatively affected (Deckers, 2010). On the other hand, although psychological needs like physiological needs center around the notion of a...
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...Post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD is a psychological disorder that is triggered when an individual experiences a traumatic event in their lives. Most people that suffer from PTSD show symptoms that can have negative impacts on their lives. With the right professional help, sufferers of PTSD can recover and maintain a normal and healthy lifestyle. Following a traumatic experience, individuals may start showing symptoms of PTSD within the first month. However, symptoms may not surface for a year or more. The symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder are placed into three categories; intrusive memories, increased anxiety or hyper-arousal, or avoidance and numbing. An individual that has PTSD my show symptoms of; flashbacks, bad dreams about the experience, avoiding talking or thinking about experience, feeling numb emotionally, hopelessness, decreased activity, irritability, anger, guilt, sleep disturbance, or hearing or seeing things that are not real (Mayo Clinic, 2012). Negative emotions are a normal reaction that an individual may feel after experiencing a traumatic event, however, when the symptoms last more than a month medical attention should be sought. Symptoms arise when a person is not able to deal with the trauma experienced and in severe cases a person may want to inflict harm onto themselves or another individual (Mayo Clinic, 2012). PTSD may develop after a person experiences, sees, or learns of an event that causes...
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...class, Dr. Miller told us a story about a 70-year-old veteran who was on his way to the post office to send a letter to his son. As he got out of the car, his gaze fell upon the tall, slender pole that had raised the American flag proud and high. However, for this gentleman, he, unfortunately, had an adverse reaction as he stared at the flag. His heartbeat was on a full rush, his hands became sweaty, and it became suddenly hard for him to keep standing. At that moment, he was taken back to his war years and relived the moment when his partner, who’d been carrying the American flag, was killed right before his eyes. The poor old man became terrified that he would face the same fate as his friend, even though the...
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...PERSONALITY AND PERCEPTION D07Q7 QUESTION Q2 (a) Identify the potential scope of the individual’s contribution to an organisation. (12 marks) (b) Using examples, explain how the following characteristics may affect the contribution of the individual to the organisation: (i) personality (ii) (ii) attitudes (13 marks) (Total 25 marks) ANSWER (a) The potential scope of the individual’s contribution to the organisation includes: ● Effort – managers expect employees to work and fulfil agreed objectives ● Time – individuals contribute their time and this may include unsocial hours ● Obedience – to company rules and policies ● Flexibility – organisations need to respond to changing situations and varying demands in effective and customer focused ways ● Adaptability – individuals are most effective where they adapt to change ● Skills – individuals bring a variety of skills that are essential to the effective performance of the organisation. These will include technical, conceptual and inter- personal skills ● Loyalty and commitment – to the organisation’s goals and their effective fulfilment ● Personality – this is important to internal relationships and group effectiveness ● Any organisation is more than the sum of its individual parts i.e. the individuals that compose it ● Creativity – the individual may contribute new ideas and the development of better methods and processes ● Individuality – this may be very important to the ongoing health and...
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...educators to encourage the education of women, (Pound, 2005). Theories serve as bridges between research and educational practices and as tools to organize and translate research findings into recommendations for educational practice. Behaviorism Behavioral theories stress the role of the environment-specifically , how stimuli are arranged and presented and how responses are reinforced .these theories assign less importance to learner differences than do cognitive theories .Within the overall theory of behaviourism are a number of sub-groups two of which are Connectivism and Conditioning . Edward Thorndike (1874 – 1949) was one of the main advocates of ‘Connectivism’. Through his research he came to the view that how humans and animals behave is all about stimulus and response.Thorndike believed that learning occurred through trial and error. This led him to the view that there are two laws that relate to learning. These are the laws of Exercise and Effect, (Schunk, 2004). Skinner termed his view of behaviourism ‘Operant Conditioning’. His view was that an animal or human being, operated upon through conditioning would also emit responses, (Tip Theories, 11.10.2007). As with Thorndike, he took the view that the stimuli could be negative, pain or criticism for example, or positive, as in praise or reward, (B.F. Skinner Foundation 2007). This is the basic difference between the view that...
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...as the most important. If you notice my concept map, I used the term memory as a link with all the other terms we discussed in COGPSYC. It is because for me, everything is linked to it and impossible without it. We cannot learn without memory; we cannot solve problems without memory; and we cannot have emotions without memory. It starts with the concept of schema. It is said that schema is where information is organized to form concepts using our mental network (Woolfolk, 2007). It acts as a baseline where all the new information a person gets from the external stimuli is organized. This process of organizing is then adapted until it balances with the other cognitive schemas. Memory can be classified into three categories: sensory, short-term, and long term (Baddeley, 2004). In the process of sensory memory, a person see, hear or touch the information using his attention and perception from the external stimuli. From that, the information which is successfully monitored is then transferred into the short term memory. Information in short-term memory needs to be rehearsed. This is called maintenance rehearsal which involves process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking over specific information (Craik & Lockhart, 1972). One needs to repeat words or concepts again and again to remember. On the other hand, the information processing approach involves storage of information from external which is then transferred into our memory. Long-term memory involves retrieval of information...
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...TITLE: “Effects of Cramming on the Academic Performance of Level II, III and IV MSU-CHS Students, 1st Semester 2011-2012” CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Scope Background of the Study Student life is indeed a combination of learning, pleasure, and activities accompanied with hectic schedule of classes with several lectures, studying, and of course, examinations. As students, it prime is their obligation and responsibility to do their part in making good, especially in terms of taking examinations. Examinations are given as a means of evaluating the students’ learnings throughout the discussions and lectures given. This is a part of the student’s education. Moreover, it is an assessment on both part of the student on how much they have learned from a subject, and for the instructor, if he or she has been effective in educating and imparting knowledge in his or her students. Students, regardless of their busy and hectic schedules, must take time in studying their notes, books, and other items related to their subject as their preparation for taking examinations, may it be in the preliminary, midterm, or finals. In order to do that, one must have good study habits and effective time management to avoid failing an examination. But, in some instances, most of the students, except for those who really have good study habits and follow effective time management, end up practicing last minute studying or most commonly known as “cramming”. Cramming before examinations has been...
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...Running head: STRESS DISTRESS OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN ADMITTED TO This should be your name and course info Stress distress of parents of children admitted to intensive care unit This paper will examine stress experienced by parents of children who are admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). It will then identify the potential causes of stress in the PICU and nursing interventions that would reduce parental stress level in the PICU hence improving patient outcome as well as enabling parents to continue in their family roles to be effective and therapeutic to their children. Approximately 150,000 to 250,000 children are admitted to the PICU each year (Board & Ryan-Wagner, 2002). Admission to an intensive care unit usually comes with no warning, creating an uneasy situation for the families in which uncertainty, shock, helplessness, and confusion are some of the immediate responses (Lam & Beaulieu, 2004). Health care providers are often so focused on the patient who is severely ill or injured that the needs of the family are overlooked. Research has shown that having a child in the pediatric intensive care unit is a stressful experience for parents (Board, 1994; Board &Ryan-Wagner, 2002; Curley, 1988; Curley & Wallace, 1992; Miles et al., 1989). Miles, Carter, and colleagues studied 37 parents who recently had a child discharged from the PICU. Findings indicated that both mothers and fathers experience a high level...
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...Running head: PAIN CASE STUDY Case Study: Pain Amit Dhir, Omeid Heidari, Sean Mayer, Ololade Ikuomola & Adam Boyce NR110.542 Physiological/Pathophysiological Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice I 09/29/2015 Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing On our honor, we pledge that we have neither given nor received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment. 1 Running head: PAIN CASE STUDY CASE STUDY Pain Use this document in documenting your response to the Patient Case Questions. CHIEF COMPLAINT “My back is killing me. The pain is mostly sharp and stabbing, and sometimes it’s a dull ache. You’ve got to do something. Those Tramadol pills aren’t cutting it and they’ve bound me up.” “I am not sleeping because of the pain.” MEDICAL HISTORY P.M. is a retired, 81yearold male being seen for a routine health maintenance visit. He has a history of lower back pain, morbid obesity, hypertension, hypothyroid, occipital lobe stroke, bilateral total knee arthroplasty, GERD and sleep apnea. Now reporting pain in feet. He has been a smoker for the past 64 years, reporting 12 ppd. He is accompanied by his wife of 62 years. CURRENT MEDICATIONS Tramadol 50100 mg p.o. Q 12 hrs prn back pain Atenolol 25 mg p.o. Q a.m. Levothyroxine sodium 125 mcg p.o. Q a.m. Clopidogrel 75 mg p.p. Q a.m. Ibuprofen 600 mg ii p.o. prn knee pain Aspirin 650 mg p.o. prn “when I can’t get to sleep” ...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This paper analyzes the cost/benefit of long-term care of Soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan and the constraints the Department of Veterans Affairs faces in trying to meet the needs of these Soldiers. This paper uses data collected from government sources like the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Veterans Benefit Administration. The conclusions of the analysis are that: (a) The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is already overwhelmed by the number of patients it currently sees and the addition of these new Veteran’s seeking care will put a severe strain on the resources that are currently available; (b) The Veterans Benefit Association (VBA) is in need of restructuring to be able to handle the influx on claims it is currently experiencing. As it stands now the current wait time is up to 90 days before a Veteran will receive their disability rating and that time can increase with these additional claims; and (c) Providing medical care and disability compensation benefits to the Soldiers returning from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan can cost anywhere from $400 - $900 billion depending on the type of care required, how quickly they file their claims, and the growth rate of those benefits. The recommendations that need to be considered include: increasing the staff as well as the budget for Veterans Medical Centers especially those that specialize in mental health treatment; restructure the claims process and increase...
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...Influenced by the computer revolution, the cognitive perspective compares the mind to a computer that encodes, processes,and stores information. Cognitive psychologists emphasize thinking,perceiving, and information processing. | 5)Biological Perspective | Emphasizes genetics, the roles of various parts of the brain, and the structure and function of individual nerve cells. | 6)Evolutionary Perspective | Influenced by the seminal writings of Charles Darwin. Emphasizes the role played by natural selection and adaptation in the evolution of behavior and mental processes. | 7)Experimental Method | A carefully controlled scientific procedure involving the manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect. The experimental method enables researchers to determine cause-and-effect relationships. | 8) Independent Variable | The factor that is measured or controlled by the experimenter. | 9) Dependent Variable | The factor that is measured by the experimenter.It is affected by,and thus depends on, the independent variable | 10) Experimental Group | Group that is exposed to the independent variable. | 11)Control Group | Group that is exposed to all the independent variable | 12) Confounding Variable | Variables that have an unwanted influence on the outcome of an experiment.Also known as...
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...than viewing moderation as the strength that it is, our society only sees a weakness in its place. And, quite honestly, there is little that we can do to change that. But still we can counter the stigmas within ourselves, dismantling our own ideals of extremities. Adapting to lifestyles of moderation, slowly we can begin to accept living intentionally for self-care and self-improvement, even countering previous experiences with mental illnesses. While it may have been a highly specific study, Clemson University researchers found that upon savoring positive life experiences, soldiers could easily buffer negative mental health symptoms, including the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression (Sytin). Assuming this could be applied to the general public, and not only war heroes, it is inferred that individuals facing such mental health complications would be able counter negativity in a healthy way, without the assistance of stimuli and other valuable objects of consumerism. This allows ourselves to build identities of self-reliance and strength, only focusing on our own potential, which can be positive on a long-term scale. But once we realize our potential comes the upkeep. As Ferris Jabr stresses...
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...EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON POULTRY PRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION Poultry are birds such as the domestic fowl, Turkey, Duck, Goose, Ostrich e. t. c which are of economic importance to man. Their production is one of the livestock production with significant contribution to human food (Demeke, 2004). It is the primary supplier of eggs and meat as a source of income and employment to people compared to other domestic animals (Avila, 1985). They are raised with relatively low capital investment and readily available household labour. For instance poultry egg contains 74% water, it is a good source of high protein and it is often used by nutritionist as a standard reference for evaluating other protein foods. Studies have shown that the level of performance of poultry does not depends on inherited capacity, but also to a great extent upon the environment (Campbell and Lasley, 1975). The environmental conditions affecting the performance, relative humidity, light, sunshine prevailing at a given time, housing system and ventilation. High temperature and humidity have some negative effects on poultry such as an increase on poultry body temperature: a decrease on feed consumption ( Cowan and Michie, 1978; Howlider and Rose, 1987) and feed efficiency. High temperature also results to a reduction in poultry live weight ( Mowbray and Sykes, 1971), growth speed and high mortality (Arjona et al., 1988) in addition to a decrease on productivity and quality of the eggs (Ozbey and Ozoelk, 2004)...
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...POLYGRAPHY INTRODUCTION: The idea of using a polygraph for lie detection emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. Despite major technological advances in the twentieth century, the polygraph has evolved little since its invention. The polygraph works under the assumption that lies can be detected by certain measurable physiological changes, a theory proposed more than 100 years ago. The three physiological vectors measured in polygraphs in the 1920s cardiovascular, respiratory and perspiratory activities are still measured by modern polygraphs. Although the polygraph is still widely used, critics question its accuracy because of the subjectivity involved in the test. Recent technological breakthroughs have created new machines for lie detection. However, since many of these new technologies still operate under questionable assumptions, they are still prone to error and misinterpretation. Perhaps one of the most fascinating and misunderstood tools of the criminal justice and criminology industry is the polygraph exam, more commonly known as the lie detector test. While the tests are based on relatively simple scientific principles, not just anyone can strap you up to an instrument and start firing away with questions. Lie detector tests are instead conducted by highly trained and disciplined technicians, known as polygraph examiners. LIE DETECTION AND FORENSIC PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY * Lie Detection * It is also referred to as deception detection which uses questioning...
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