...RULES OF MIXTURES FOR ELASTIC PROPERTIES The paper is about the rules of mixtures which are used to express the dependencies of the physical properties and mechanical properties which depend on type, form, quality and arrangement of its constituents, but they are based on various assumptions so one should with caution, especially if they are used anything more than preliminary design. The paper mainly concentrates on expressions for elastic properties which are as follows: Unidirectional Ply- longitudinal modulus: The Figure 1 clearly shows the orthogonal axes and fiber direction, the fiber directions. The first approximation made is E3= E4. And also for deriving the rules of mixtures the following assumptions are made: Fibers are uniform, parallel and continuous. Perfect bonding exists between fibers and matrix. A longitudinal load produces equal strain in fiber and matrix. Using the above assumptions and approximations two rules of mixtures are derived which are E1 = EfVf + EmVm = EfVf + Em (1- Vf) V12= vfVf+vm+Vm These two rules of mixtures are generally accepted as it goes well with experimental data. Unidirectional Ply- Transverse modulus: In this the rules of mixtures are less reliable than those for longitudinal properties as they are based on assumptions of stress distribution. In this the poisson’s contraction is ignored and the stress is assumed to be the same...
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...* When demand is inelastic (a price elasticity less than 1), price and total revenue move in the same direction. * • When demand is elastic (a price elasticity greater than 1), price and total revenue move in opposite directions. * • If demand is unit elastic (a price elasticity exactly equal to 1), total revenue remains constant when the price Define elastic, inelastic, and unitary elasticity means. How are these related to total revenue? Explain how the elasticity changes as price increases. Why is this happening? With unitary elasticity, the percentage increase in price calls forth an offsetting decrease in demand. If the seller doubles his price, he sells half as much. Similarly, a percentage decrease in price calls forth an offsetting increase in demand. If he halves his price, he sells twice as much. Either way, the seller brings in the same revenue. (His profit—the amount he makes after subtracting his costs from his revenue—may vary, but that's another story.) When a producer or seller faces unitary elasticity of demand, she can't increase revenue by increasing or decreasing her price. Why? Because the quantity demanded will exactly offset the effect of any change in price. However, that is rarely the case in the real world A change in price may result in only a small increase in demand and revenue. The examples I'm choosing here use round numbers and simple relationships for the sake of clarity. But many producers face markets in which a price decrease...
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...Differentiating Between Market Structures Angela Graham ECO/365 January 6, 2015 Biagio Vultaggio Differentiating Between Market Structures The hospitality industry has always been above and beyond for excellence. In today’s hospitality industry, the competitive structure is not so much aggressive but more unique with tactics. Every company tries to one up the next person by using creative approaches to intrigue each consumer when they are on vacation. Since we do live in Vegas, how does that work? Every structure is owned by this guy or that guy, and that’s where loyalty comes into play. My job, Hard Rock Café has everything possible for an independent company. Hard Rock Café continues to grow and flourish without changing the purpose of the café, “To create the spirit of rock and roll by using innovation” (Hard Rock Cafe', 2015 ). The market structure for the café is based on music, and the lovers of music. In 1971 Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton wanted to create a place with Americana vibes and food. The music came later on when artists like Eric Clapton and Paul McCartney would come out and eat hamburgers after shows. Today the café does have similar companies like Planet Hollywood and Harley Davidson Café trying to fill the shoes of the original, but nothing replaces Hard Rock Café. By creating this original idea, others used the same marketing techniques but with different perspectives such as movies, TV, and automobiles. This has always been a natural competition...
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...505 Assignment 3: Elastic and Inelastic Traffic Due Week 5 and worth 60 points Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1. Outline a plan for the development of an addressing and naming model in an environment of the following scenario: a. Ten (10) departments in a 1,000-employee organization b. Equal separation by geography c. Use a common data center of twenty (20) backend enterprise servers 2. Analyze the functional problems of throughput, delay, and packet loss as it pertains to your plan. 3. Analyze and explain how you would use DNS in your plan. 4. Compose a two-paragraph executive summary highlighting the main points of your plan. 5. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: * Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. * Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length. ANSWER: Lakisha Mason Dr. Hossein Besharatian CIS 505 February 7, 2014 Assignment 3: Elastic and Inelastic Traffic ...
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...Report Results Summary Elastic Collision Initial Momentum = .414 N | Initial Momentum = 0 N | Initial Kinetic Energy = .084 J | Initial KE = 0 J | V1’ = .0596 m/s | V2’ = .462 m/s | Final Momentum = .061 N | Final Momentum = .354 N | Final KE = .00182 J | Final KE = 0.082 J | Inelastic Collision Initial Momentum = n/a | Initial Momentum = n/a | Initial Kinetic Energy = n/a | Initial KE = n/a | V1’ = n/a | V2’ = n/a | Final Momentum = n/a | Final Momentum = n/a | Final KE = n/a | Final KE = n/a | Discussion For the first part of our lab we were able to successfully show that both kinetic energy and momentum were conserved during the collision. As stated in the lab procedure, we kept one mass heavier than the other and made the heavier object collide with the lighter object at rest. Looking back, there wasn’t too much difference between the sizes of the mass. There was only a 300 gram difference in the system and that may have helped in keeping the collision elastic. The speed was recorded as .404 m/s and that also may have helped in causing the object at rest to bounce off the moving object. We were not able to complete the inelastic collision part of the lab because we were not able to make the objects stick together. We were not sure if the plane the objects were set on was level and this may have caused the objects to keep bouncing away from each other. We also kept the weight and velocity (roughly) the same from the elastic test, which could have...
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...By partaking in three unique scenarios of both elastic and inelastic collisions, I was able to conclude that speed and velocity are both conserved. This conclusion was made through the change in velocity of a cart relative to its "crasher". For example: throughout the different-mass elastic collisions, the speed that which the cart started and ended were equivalent - indicating that there was conservation of speed, in addition to the complete transfer of velocity. However, in the different-mass elastic collisions, the transfer of the speed of the cart was not complete, but instead, the lighter cart moved quicker than the heavier cart. This shows us that although force may be the same, the transfer of momentum shows us why the lighter cart moves more quickly than the slower. Throughout our previous unit, we described the constant velocity of objects in motion. That laid the basis for this next unit, where we will be studying why and how the object moves the way it does, specifically the "push" or "pull" of force. The heavier cart in a same-direction elastic collision seems to push the lighter cart, which causes an increase in speed for the lighter cart. Although we may have brushed on the surface of movement, this unit will pave the path for further investigation on velocity as well as momentum. According to today's lab, it is possible to measure the mass of the carts and then multiple the mass by the velocity to determine momentum. These two things will be related to almost...
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...by the equation: * PTotali =PTotalf * m1v1i+m2v2i=m1v1f+m2v2f * When working with a complete inelastic collision, the two objects stick together after the collision, and the momentum conservation equation becomes: * PTotali =PTotalf * m1v1i+m2v2i=(m1+m2)vf * During this experiment, photogates will measure the motion of two carts before and after elastic collision. The cart masses can be measured by using a simple mass scale. * Then, total momentum of the two carts before collision will be compared to the total momentum of the two carts after collision. Equipment: 850 Universal | Dynamic Track | Two dynamic carts | Two picket fences | Mounting brackets | Mass Balance | Mass Bar | Two Photogates | Data: Part A – Elastic Collision with approx. equal masses: Trial | V1 i (m/s) | V2 i (m/s) | V1 f (m/s) | V2 f (m/s) | 1 | .310 | 0 | 0 | .287 | 2 | .468 | 0 | 0 | .439 | 3 | .486 | 0 | 0 | .435 | 4 | .274 | 0 | 0 | .254 | 5 | .468 | 0 | 0 | .441 | * m1 = mass of cart 1 = .510 kg * m2 = mass of cart 2 = .529 kg | Part B – Elastic Collision with Unequal Masses: Trial | V1 i (m/s) | V2 i (m/s) | V1 f (m/s) | V2 f (m/s) | 1 | .404 | 0 | -.113 | .245 | 2 | .417 | 0 | -.117 | .253 |...
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...Services in Your Area Bo Sun CIS 505: Communication Technologies Strayer University Darcel Ford, Ph.D. February 26, 2013 DSL and Cable Modem Services Region DSL could only cover a limited area without a repeater. Therefore, it always to be used as a local loop WAN link. According to Dean (2009), “DSL uses advanced data modulation techniques to achieve extraordinary throughput over regular telephone lines.” (Dean, 2009) There are variety types of DSL and the types could be divided as asymmetrical and symmetrical. ADSL is the most common type of DSL that connect home network to the Internet through telecommunications switches. The DSL connection needs a DSL model to alternate signals between the telephone line and the computer. DSL makes use of the existing telephone infrastructure as the dial-up access. However, it applies the technique of frequency-division multiplexing which decides the channel into 3 separate links. Therefore, DSL could provide higher transmission rate and guarantee the users to talk on the phone simultaneously. Broadband or cable Internet access is another prevalent residential access method. A residence obtains cable Internet access from the same company that supports it cable television. As with DSL, cable access is asymmetric, with the downstream channel possesses a higher transmission rate. The difference is that cable Internet access is a shared broadcast medium. Therefore, if there are several users...
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...Introductory Physics I Elementary Mechanics by Robert G. Brown Duke University Physics Department Durham, NC 27708-0305 rgb@phy.duke.edu Copyright Notice Copyright Robert G. Brown 1993, 2007, 2013 Notice This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at Duke University, in particular teaching its Physics 141/142, 151/152, or 161/162 series (Introductory Physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively). It is freely available in its entirety in a downloadable PDF form or to be read online at: http://www.phy.duke.edu/∼rgb/Class/intro physics 1.php It is also available in an inexpensive (really!) print version via Lulu press here: http://www.lulu.com/shop/product-21186588.html where readers/users can voluntarily help support or reward the author by purchasing either this paper copy or one of the even more inexpensive electronic copies. By making the book available in these various media at a cost ranging from free to cheap, I enable the text can be used by students all over the world where each student can pay (or not) according to their means. Nevertheless, I am hoping that students who truly find this work useful will purchase a copy through Lulu or a bookseller (when the latter option becomes available), if only to help subsidize me while I continue to write inexpensive textbooks in physics or other subjects. This textbook is organized for ease of presentation and ease of learning. In particular, they are...
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... Conclusions 1. It is necessary that they glide on a cushion of air, so that they can avoid any friction which would slow down their movement and could possibly keep them from colliding. The friction would differ for each mass, and would change all the predicted values. If the masses were not on an air cushion, it is impossible to predict that the two masses would ever collide because of the differing frictions for each mass. 2.If the masses were doubled, the before and after collision velocities would both decrease by a factor of two. Because the gliders would take double the time to get to the same distance for collision as if they were not doubled.(newton’s law) 3.The original assumption of this experiment was that it was an elastic collision because there was no visible deformation or heat loss. After further calculations it...
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...Assignment 5 (30 points) 1. (5 points) Compute the longitudinal and transverse stiffness E1, E2 of an S-glass epoxylamina for a fiber volume fraction Vf = 0.7, using the properties from attached Tables. 2. (5 points) Plot the longitudinal stiffness E1 of an E-glass/nylon unidirectionally reinforced composite, as a function of the volume fraction Vf of fiber. Use the properties from attached Tables. 3. (5 points) Plot the longitudinal tensile strength of an E-glass/epoxy unidirectionallyreinforced composite, as a function of the volume fraction of fiber, assuming tensile strength follows a volume rule of additivity. Use the properties from attached Tables. 4. (5 points) What is the maximum volume fraction of spherical fillers that could be obtained in the particle-reinforced composite assuming cubic packing? Please show the step. 5. (4 points) Using the Takayanagi model and assuming uniform strain in the matrix, derive a relationship for the transverse, tensile compliance of a unidirectionally-reinforced composite. 6. (6 points) Two test specimens have the same Young’s modulus in tension. However, one of the specimens is homogeneous while the other one has two layers with one layer stiffer than other layer. How will the flexural modulus of the two specimens differ? Explain. (Hint, use Parallel and Series model to calculate the modulus to compare them. Assume the modulus of stiff material is 1X109MPa as and the modulus of soft material is 1X108 , and the volume fraction of each...
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...business managers whose firms produce electricity will now imply an increase in the price to increase their total revenue. Total revenue can be calculated by the quantity of sales multiplied by the price per sale. When the business managers increase the price of electricity services, it will only result in a small decrease in the quantity demanded. Therefore, business managers will increase the price of electricity to obtain a greater amount of revenue. Price d Quantity When the price elasticity of demand of a product is elastic (Ped > 1), then a change in price of a product will result in a proportionately larger change in the quantity demanded. When a product is said to have a relatively elastic demand, quantity demanded will increase by a lot when a fall in price is occurred. Vice versa, when there is an increase in price of a product, it will result in a large decrease of quantity demanded. Foreign travel is to be said as an elastic demand service of 1.5 because...
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...Overview of Amazon Web Services December 2010 Amazon Web Services Overview May 2010 Introduction Managing the unique and groundbreaking changes in both technology and business over the past decade has created an ongoing IT infrastructure challenge for many senior technology executives. Indeed, over the past 10 years, the typical business application architecture has evolved first from a desktop-centric installation, eventually to client/server solutions, and now most prominently to loosely coupled web services and service-oriented architectures (SOA). Each of these evolutionary steps has built upon the previous while adding new challenges, dimensions, and opportunities for IT organizations and their business partners. Recently, virtualization has become a prevalent and widely accepted way to reduce operating costs and increase the reliability of enterprise IT. In addition, concepts such as grid computing make possible a whole new class of analytics, data crunching, and business intelligence tasks that were previously cost- and time-prohibitive. Along with these technology changes there have also been fundamental changes in how markets work, with the speed of innovation and product introductions increasing at an unprecedented rate. Taken alongside the wide acceptance of Software as a Service (SaaS) offerings, all of these concepts have inspired the latest turn in the IT infrastructure challenge: cloud computing. Amazon Web Services (AWS) provides a flexible, cost-effective...
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...Case Study 2: Cloud Computing Cloud computing is defined by Cearly and Phifer in their case study titled “Case Studies in Cloud Computing” as “a style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-related capabilities are provided ‘ as a service’ to customers using Internet technologies”. Cloud computing services had been provided by major vendors such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, and others for business computing until recently when Apple Corporation announced iCloud for consumers. Therefore, cloud computing is now available for businesses as well as consumers. Read the case study titled, “ Ericsson”, located here, about Ericsson cloud computing. Write a two to four (2-4) page paper in which you: Assess how Ericsson benefited from Amazon Web Services (AWS) in terms of cost reduction, automated software updates, remote access, and on-demand availability. Evaluate the scalability, dependability, manageability, and adaptability of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), Amazon Simple Storage Services (Amazon S3), and RightScale. Examine the security concerns for cloud-based services and make suggestions to cope with these concerns. Assess possible scalability, reliability, and cost issues associated with cloud computing, and make suggestions to overcome each of these issues. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:...
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...systems are located and what kind of redundancy is in place to prevent outages. Recent outage of Amazon’s cloud system and other providers shows the uncertainty that can come from using a public cloud.” (http://www.10gea.org/cloud/is-amazon-cloud-the-only-solution-you-should-consider/) Amazon Cloud is the oldest cloud service; they are the most trusted because it has been around longer than any other Cloud service. “Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.” (http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/) Amazon offers a free tier for the first year of service. Free Tier* As part of AWS’s Free Usage Tier, new AWS customers can get started with Amazon EC2 for free. Upon sign-up, new AWS customers receive the following EC2 services each month for one year: * 750 hours of EC2 running Linux/UNIX or RHEL or SLES Micro instance usage * 750 hours of EC2 running Microsoft Windows Server Micro instance usage * 750 hours of Elastic Load Balancing plus 15 GB data processing * 30 GB of Amazon EBS Standard volume storage plus 2 million IOs and 1 GB snapshot storage * 15 GB of bandwidth out aggregated across all AWS services * 1 GB of Regional Data Transfer...
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