...CEEN 3250 Communication Systems Dr. Jang LAB REPORT EXPERIMENT #11: Amplitude Modulation (AM) using an Operational Transconductance Amplifier Rance Fredericksen LAB Partners Whouji Lo Ryan Leudders Date: April 3, 2007 University of Nebraska – Lincoln Peter Kiewit Institute OBJECTIVE 1. To become familiar with the 3080E operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and how its variable gain feature makes it ideam for use as an AM modulator. 2. To observe typical AM waveforms that exhibit undermodulation, overmodulation, and 100% modulation. 3. To understand how a peak detector functions to extract the original intelligence from an AM waveform. PRELAB None. PROCEDURE First, we built the circuit shown here: Figure 11.1. AM Circuit Schematic. In order for the non-inverting input of the Operational Amplifier to be exactly ZERO VOLTS, the variable resistor (shown on the left-hand side of Figure 11.1) was set to 5.6k/4.4k. The switch shown on the bottom left corner of the diagram was set initially to position 1 (ground). Once this circuit was constructed, we applied a 60mVp-p sine wave at the input. At the output (Vo), we observed a sinusoid, and we again adjusted the variable resistor to obtain a ZERO VOLT DC OFFSET. We then moved the switch to POSITION 2. Once in position 2, we took measurements of amplifier gain while adjusting the variable resistor (on the right-hand side of Figure 11.1) between its extremes...
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...Electronic Communication with Virtual Teams Tia Taylor CMC260 August 23, 2014 The term Virtual teams are used loosely among the average person, especially young adults. However, everyone at one point in their adult life has been a part of a virtual team and did not even know it. A virtual team is a group of people whose members communicate primarily through electronic and digital tools. Members of a virtual team may be within the same city or even across the world. (WebFinance, 2014) Whether you have had experience or are going to be new to a virtual team, the best way to familiarize yourself with the expectations are to compare the communication you have within social media to your new adventure with business partners. Your communication will be professional at all times yet; you will most likely not meet any of your teammates in person or face to face. Some of the platforms that you may often use within the team include emails, video conferencing tools such as the program Skype, and social media tools like those within LinkedIn or Facebook. Virtual teams allow organizations to bring people together to combine the best expertise, regardless of where they live. Take, for example, the countries Mexico, France, China and the United States and involve some representatives on a virtual team to conduct business. The individuals involved get to look forward to many benefits including working from the comfort of home and never having to take a flight...
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...Abstract Electronic communication has become a part of every aspect of our society. It is recognized as being one of the most important and influential aspects of the way we conduct business. Electronic communication technology has made it easier to contact other employees in the same office, and even around the world. Computers and software have revolutionized communication within the business office. Programs have made it simple for businesses, small companies, and large corporations, to keep track of any information that passes through the business, whether it is from a secretary or the CEO. Today's society is dependent upon electronic communication. This paper will concentrate on how the areas of the Internet, electronic mail (EMAIL), E-commerce, and E-Business effect the way we communicate within the business world. How Electronic Communication is Affecting The Way We Do Business In business today there is a growing usage and need for off site communication to manage projects and provide specific training. Businesses are finding ways to reduce costs by bringing information to their sites electronically. Technology has enabled organizations to communicate between domestic and international divisions. In addition, companies can communicate with customers, outside consultants and trainers. These communication trends are advanced by cost reduction, effectiveness and efficiency demands, and the capability of technology (Hoyt, 1998). The World Wide Web or Internet is one...
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...Chapter 2 Solutions Minimum frame size is the same as the maximum round-trip delay on the LAN. 1. Maximum round-trip delay = (2 x max. I-way propagation delay) + repeater delay = (500 x 5 x 2)/200) + 25 (seconds = 50 (seconds At 10 Mbps, generated bytes = 50 Mbps x 10 (sec = 500 bits ~ 64 bytes, which is the minimum frame size. 2. Maximum round-trip delay is the time it takes a bit to traverse between two farthest end stations. Add to this two traversals of repeater, 1 (s each way. Max. R-T delay = (400 /2 x 108) + 2 = 4( sec. Min. number of bits to detect collision = 4 x 10-6 x 109 = 4000 bits. Minimum bytes is the next higher 2n bytes is 512 bytes. 3. Choice 1: Switched Ethernet - Replace regular hub to switched hub. This will increase the maximum capacity to about 6 times. No modifications need to workstations. Easy to install. Switch the hub and plug the cables into the new hub. Choice 2: Full duplex - Convert NICs on the 12 workstations and replace the hub to full duplex operation. This requires hardware and configuration changes to the hub and workstations. Will double the capacity. However, this is a dead-end approach. Choice 3: Convert the network to 100Bast-T Fast Ethernet. Need to replace the NICs in the workstations and replace hub for 100BaseT. Increases capacity by ten times. The speed at each workstation increases ten times. Requires 12 NICs for the workstation and a new hub. Choice 4: Split the workstation...
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...Electronic Communications Policy Introduction: In today’s fast paced and ever-changing economic environment, electronic communication tools are heavily relied on and recognized as an enormous company asset. Electronic communications equipment and services include internal and external electronic mail (e-mail), facsimiles, telephone systems, voice mail, internet access, cellular phones, as well as computer networks, files, hardware and software. While we encourage the use of these company resources, it is important to note they should only be used for their intended purposes and in a manner in which their integrity and performance is protected. “Company” will continually monitor the use of all company assets. Purpose: The guiding purpose of “Company’s” electronic communications policy is to set forth the expected standards of conduct, rules, restrictions, procedures, and disciplinary actions surrounding their use. Abuse and misuse of electronic communication tools potentially puts both the company and employees at risk. In an effort to minimize risks, “Company” is responsible for securing its electronic communications system against unauthorized access, prohibited uses, abuse, and violation of local, state, federal, and international laws. In addition, we will ensure any applicable electronic communications will be retained in accordance with any applicable laws. Employee acknowledgement and consent is required. Scope: The electronic communications policy applies...
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...Electronic Computers Computers are used to send e-mails across to other people via the internet and most commonly mobile phones. Another way in which computers are used at Oldbury Academy is via the gateway. This is almost comparable to a portal between teachers and students. It allows for pupils to access work in the case of a teacher being absent, teachers may also display messages about extra curriculums on the gateway and any other relevant information. Oldbury Academy also uses a system called SIMS (School Information Management System) which allows teachers to track the whereabouts of any given student via giving them a present mark and electronically noting down their timetabled lessons. Here is an example of Student Announcements which are placed onto the gateway by teachers, to communicate information to students. Here is an example of Student Announcements which are placed onto the gateway by teachers, to communicate information to students. E-mail Oldbury Academy uses e-mails to send messages across to staff in regards to information such as assemblies or student’s absences. Teachers may also use e-mails to inform pupils of any homework, and students may e-mail back teachers for help and guidance. Oldbury Academy may also e-mail parents who have opted for this and send them things such as the School Newsletter, or any other important information a parent may need to know about their child’s education. Here is an example of a teacher e-mailing a student...
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...David G. Fisher Professor Hallawell English 249 (Linguistics) 25 October 2011 Reading between the text message lines: How a culture becomes dependent on electronic communication and changes language skills forever. They are everywhere, in schoolyards, high school halls, businesses and even our own homes and they are having an effect on our culture at this very minute. You may even be reading this on one right now. They are cell phones and more and more they are being used for more than just talking; they are being used to send e-mail, text, and instant messages. What originally started out as a way to have more communication in case of emergencies and to have a way for teenagers and adults to stay connected to what is going on in each other’s lives has become a barrier to language abilities. (Bauerlein) In the immediacy of our consumer society we have become too reliant upon instant information and it has affected our way of communicating. A cell phone is now a device that can keep us continually linked to the internet, e-mail and text messages. The price for this convenience is that we have lost the ability to communicate effectively face to face or in writing, thusly loosing parts of our literacy level in this country. When the miracle of cell phones first came into popular use, most people were not that interested in the text message mostly because there was an extra charge associated with using the feature. After more time and as the phone plans began to...
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...Communication through Electronic Medical Records Paper- based records have been around for many years, but with constant advancements in technology, much of information that once was recorded on paper, is now being recorded on the computer, in an attempt to eliminate paper-based medical records completely. Electronic medical records (EMR) are a replacement for the traditional paper charts. The main purpose of electronic medical records is documentation of the medical records containing the patient’s medical history, test results, care received, medications used, and any known allergies. This is very beneficial for many health care providers as well as their patients. Now doctors and nurses have the opportunity to evaluate and compare the patient’s medical history with each other; this helps them to accurately diagnosed the problem and determine the best plan of care for each patient. Benefits to Patient Utilizing EMRs decreases the amount of time that is spent on paperwork and reduces the likelihood of someone’s medical records getting lost, misplaced, or misfiled. This helps to improve both the quality and safety in caring for a patient. After all, there is no substitution for having accurate medical information about a patient along with immediate accessibility within the health care facility (Dr. Bill Crounse, 2005). All of the patients’ information is stored in a main computer server within the health care facility. Most health care organization’s computer system is...
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...Childs Internet and Electronic Communication Acts Technology and new forms of communication has continued to evolve and improved our everyday lives. With the advancement of new technology, new laws are evolved to protect those who use it and prosecute to those who abuse it. In this paper, I will be discussing the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) as well as the Electronic Communication Privacy Act (ECPA). I will state the legal facts of these two topics as well as discuss the ethics that surround the legal issues and how those issues affect us today. The Facts The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) of 2000 is an Act that is applied to public schools or libraries to receive federal funding while in compliance with technological safety measures. Over the past years, more than $190 million has disbursed to more than 5,000 public libraries through federal programs called E-rate where discounts are given on telecommunications and Internet access under certain conditions (CIPA, 2001). Such conditions that US Supreme Court has argued and agreed that require public libraries and schools must enforce certain software control to protect minors from harmful materials and block pornographic Websites (Mark, 2002). Ethical Issues However, blocking Websites containing protected speech can be an ethical issue in violating our Constitutional right of our First Amendment, our Freedom of Speech. Also filtering or blocking does not always protect children from harmful material...
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...12 4/11/2012 Privacy with Regards to Electronic Communication in the Workplace Background Given the rise of electronic communication, it is not surprising that privacy with regards to communication such as emailing, texting, or social networking, has become a very big issue. Probably the most prominent area relating to electronic privacy is consumer privacy. Stories about Google or Facebook’s privacy policies are front-page news. However, although it perhaps receives less attention, electronic workplace privacy is just as big an issue. Workers communicate at work using various devices. Some workers rely on a computer to send emails. Other workers may favor using a land phone or a cell phone for communication with important clients. In some cases, workers use texting on cell phones to communicate with fellow employees. The one similarity between all these workers is that they are all probably communicating on a device or on a network that belongs to the company that they work for. Workers are also likely to use work equipment, a computer or a company cell phone, to make personal calls. This makes sense, given the long hours that people often spend at work and the ease of using work machines to communicate. A recent article in The Economist, “Slaves to the Smartphone”, states “Employees find it ever harder to distinguish between ‘on-time’ and ‘off-time’—and indeed between real work and make-work.” Most electronic communication at work (whether via email, text, or otherwise)...
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...ET 2530 Electronic Communications Chapter 10 1. Explain what is meant by the term wireless. It is used to describe telecommunication technologies that use radio waves to carry a signal. 2. What is a frequency shift key system? Describe two methods of generating FSK. FSK is a form of FM in which the modulation wave shifts the output between two pre-determined frequencies. Methods of generation include a VCO and modifying the oscillating frequency of a tank circuit. 6. Explain a method used to generate BPSK using figure 10-5. The +/- sin wct signals are input into 1 of 2 selectors. The binary data input is used to select the phase. 8. What is coherent carrier recovery? A recovered carrier frequency is used as an input to a mixer to recover the data. 10. Provide a brief description of the QAM system. Explain why it is an efficient user of frequency spectrum. Figure 10-14 and 10-15. The QAM system uses a four level baseband stream providing a 16 state QAM constellation in a limited bandwidth. Chapter 11 3. Describe the sequence of events taking place when a telephone call is initiated through to its completion. Subscriber lifts the handset, a switch is closed providing a a dc loop current between tip and ring. Telco senses the off hook condition and responds with a dial tone. Then the describer dials the desired number. 14. Why are telephones lines widely used for transmission of digital data? Explain the problems involved with their use. ...
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...COMPUTER LITERACY AND COMPETENCY All business majors and pre-majors are required to demonstrate his/her knowledge regarding the competency of the computer literacy prior to taking 100-level courses. This requires a student to complete three five weeks courses (MIS 1 – Operating Systems and Electronic Communication including Internet Browsers (Chrome, Firefox and Internet Explorer), Outlook 2013 and Windows 7; MIS 2 – Spreadsheets including Excel 2013; and MIS 3 – Word Processing and Presentation Graphics including Word 2013 and PowerPoint 2013 OR pass the online hands-on challenge exams for MIS 1, MIS 2 and MIS 3. Click the following link for more information about the online hands-on challenge exams for MIS 1, MIS 2 and MIS 3. Information for MIS 1, MIS 2 and MIS 3 Challenge Exams MIS 123 CHALLENGE EXAM SCHDULE |Exam Date |Exam Date |Exam Date |Exam Date | |Sep 12, 14 |Oct 10, 14 |Nov 14, 14 |Dec5, 14 | |Exam Time |Exam Time |Exam Time |Exam Time | |9:00 - 9:50 am |9:00 - 9:50 am |9:00 - 9:50 am |9:00 - 9:50 am | |10:00 - 10:50 am |10:00 - 10:50 am |10:00 - 10:50 am |10:00 - 10:50 am | |11:00 - 11:50 am |11:00 - 11:50 am |11:00 - 11:50 am ...
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...Forget about electronic products With the continuous development of science and technology, human life seems to be inseparable from the electronic products. Nowadays, almost everyone use electronic products in their life and work. More and more people become addicted to electronic products. Especially younger people like us, we almost use our phone and computer everyday. Although electronic products brought convenience to our life, but it’s negative impact has become more and more serious, our life and work have completely affected by it, we could not allow it to continue. As I found there are many bad but very common phenomenon caused by electronic products around most of us. At first, Electronic products have made the real communication between people become less and less. We can often see such a scene: a whole family or a group of friends having dinner together on one table, but everyone is playing with their smartphone, computer, or I-pad, people have not much communication with each other. Even many people stay together or living together, but they chat with each other through text. I also see a lot of this situation in many of my classes. For example, every time I come in to a classroom, there usually have two-thirds of people plays their phone and computers to spend the time before class begin, only few of people talk with neighbors. Why do we sit together without any communication? It is a really serious problem. The more we focus on electronic products and the more...
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...INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECNNOLOGY ACT, 2006 Prepared for Md. Ziaul Haque Senior Lecturer, Dept. Of Business Administration East West University Prepared by Bus-361 Sec: 6 Name | ID | 1. Md.Musrukh Ruhaim | 2010-2-10-091 | 2. MD. Tajul Islam | 2011-2-10-240 | 3. MD. Naiem Bhuiyan | 2011-2-10-110 | 4. Sunjida Haque | 2010-2-10-355 | 5. Md.Mahfuzur Rahman | 2011-1-10-049 | 6. MD. Mahmudul Hasan | 2011-1-13-060 | Date of Submission: December-03, 2014 Acknowledgement We are very pleased to accomplish the assign task given by our honorable course instructor Md. Ziaul Haque on the subject “Legal Environment of Business”. We are very much obliged to those persons who gave their valuable time in the organization overview part, opinion and advice to complete this report. At first, our profound gratification goes to, Md. Ziaul Haque the honorable course instructor of Business Communication for his supervision to complete the assignment successfully. By providing us the opportunity of preparing this assignment, he has made us able to relate the academic knowledge of Business law with practical scenario. Not only this, he has also contributed much in this term paper by giving us proper guideline. We are acknowledging to all of those web sites from which we have taken necessary helps. Our gratitude also goes to some senior students for their guidance in various stages of completing the term paper and our...
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...about school like Name, Place, Grades in X and XII). With good scores of around 86% in the science subjects, I could choose the Engineering stream for my Bachelors study. I took up Electronics Engineering, because of its wide, interdisciplinary span and the ever increasing use in every branch of modern science, from Astrophysics to Medicine. It is a field, rich with opportunities for an entrepreneur. The curriculum of my undergraduate institute, BVM Engineering College affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Anand, Gujarat, introduced me to the basics of several subjects, such as Digital Signal Processing, Integrated Circuits Application, Basic and Advance Electronics, Digital Communication, Wireless communication, 8085 microprocessors, 8051 microcontrollers and application of theories in practice through lab work and team projects. I was also introduced to the concepts of Communication, Power Electronics, Mobile & Personal Communication and Networking. I have also learned computer programming in C, C++ languages. My interest lies in Communication Engineering. The measure of my potential is not limited to distinctions and percentages; it is something above all these. It is the thirst for knowledge and consistent learning. Thus, I have also attended various seminars and conferences on Electronics and Mobile...
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